南湖区农村中老年人心脏增大流行病学调查研究

目的探究嘉兴市南湖区农村中老年人心脏增大病情现状及成因,为临床治疗及慢病的预防提供可靠科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法 ,统计分析2019年南湖区医学影像系统(PACS)中老年人胸部数字化X射线摄影(DR)及居民健康档案的相关数据,其中农村35605例,城市34056例,同时随机抽取50~80岁无心脏增大者1000例作为对照样本。分析农村及城市中老年人的健康档案,统计患者的性别、年龄、心脏增大程度、心脏增大形式学分布、既往疾病史(包括高血压、糖尿病等)、生活方式(包括抽烟、饮酒、是否坚持运动等)。结果农村心脏增大发病率11.4%高于城市的8.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且农村心脏增大发病女性占比68.4%高于男性的31.6%。随着年龄增长,心脏增大发病率升高,农村中老年人的心脏增大发病率最高的年龄段为≥80岁,发病率为67.4%。农村心脏增大患者中女性存在高血压、不锻炼、糖尿病占比分别为45.3%、28.6%、8.6%,均高于男性的9.75%、2.3%、1.7%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4057例农村中老年人心脏增大患者中轻度增大396例,中度增大1938例,重度增大1723例;左心大2607例,全心大1220例,右心大230例。结论南湖区农村中老年人心脏增大与慢性疾病、生活方式、健康理念等因素密切相关。

Fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery detected by magnetic resonance angiography

Background Fenestration of the proximal anterior cerebral artery （ACA） A1 segment is a rare anatomic variation. The purpose of the this study was to report the incidence of fenestration in the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery and to delineate its configurations on cranial MR angiography.Methods Magnetic resonance angiography （MRA） was performed in 762 patients using 1.5T imagers during the period July 2007 through September 2008. All images were obtained by the three-dimensional time-of-flight （3D TOF） technique Volume rendering （VR） images in the horizontal rotation view were displayed stereoscopically. The presence of fenestration in the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery was identified and evaluated retrospectively by MRA. Results Six patients （four men and two women, 15 to 63 years of age, median age 50 years） had proximal ACA fenestration. The appearance rate of ACA fenestration was 0.8% （6/762）. All 6 fenestrations were located at the A1 segment： three of them were with a slit-like shape and three were with a convex-lens-like shape, 5 of the right A1 segment, 1 of the left A1 segment.Conclusion Recognizing ACA fenestration is important to interpret cranial MR angiographys and helpful to make a plan for neurosurgical procedures or neurological intervention.