海藻酸钠-羧甲基纤维素钠凝胶涂层对锌负极稳定性的影响

通过一种绿色、自交联策略,基于海藻酸钠(SA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)中羧基对Zn^(2+)的离子缔合作用,利用旋涂法在锌电极表面原位构建了具有孔结构的柔性SA+CMC凝胶涂层(Zn@SA+CMC)。涂层中富含羟基,羟基的强吸附效应能够使涂层与锌电极紧密结合,减少界面处的副反应。柔性涂层不仅能适应锌电镀过程中的体积变化,还表现出较好的亲锌性,更低的成核过电压,更高的离子电导率,有利于Zn^(2+)均匀沉积,有效抑制了锌枝晶的生成。因此,Zn@SA+CMC对称电池能稳定运行890 h(3 mA·cm^(-2));Zn@SA+CMC||MnO_(2)全电池表现出优越的倍率和循环性能。

含氧空位的氟掺杂二氧化锰助力稳定锌离子电池

将无机盐NH_(4)F加入到Mn O_(2)的前驱体溶液中,通过高效、简单的一步水热法制备了具有氧缺陷的F掺杂α-Mn O_(2)纳米棒(记为F-Mn O_(2))。氧空位和F掺杂对提高F-Mn O_(2)的导电性、促进离子扩散、提高倍率性能起着至关重要的作用。另外,由于F掺杂,形成了F—Mn键,这可以有效地抑制放电产物中Mn^(3+)的Jahn-Teller畸变,从而提高结构的稳定性。得益于这些协同效应,组装的Zn||F-Mn O_(2)全电池在0.5 A·g^(-1)下,首圈放电比容量高达274 m Ah·g^(-1),且具有较长的循环寿命和优异的倍率性能。同时,通过循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电(GCD)曲线证明了F-Mn O_(2)的储能机制为H^(+)和Zn^(2+)的共嵌入/脱出过程。

基于有机溶剂原位制备的致密疏水铜金属层在保护锌负极中的应用

通过在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)有机溶剂中锌电极与CuI之间的置换反应,在锌电极上原位构建了一层致密且疏水的铜金属保护层(Cu@Zn)。铜金属保护层能有效地隔离锌电极与电解液的接触,减少锌电极-电解液界面的析氢和腐蚀等副反应。同时,铜金属保护层还具有较好的亲锌性,更小的界面电阻,更低的成核能垒,有利于锌离子均匀沉积,从而有效抑制了锌枝晶的生成。Cu@Zn对称电池实现了超过1 700 h(1 mA·cm^(-2))和1 330 h(3 mA·cm^(-2))的循环寿命。采用商用MnO_(2)与之匹配得到的Cu@Zn||MnO_(2)全电池不仅在1 A·g^(-1)下具有168.5 mAh·g^(-1)的可逆比容量,还可稳定循环2 000次以上。

On the Out-of-Plane Vibration of Rotating Circular Nanoplates

A rotating axisymmetric circular nanoplate is modeled by the Mindlin plate theory.The Mindlin plate theory incorporates the nonlocal scale and strain gradient effects.The shear deformation of the circular nanoplate is considered and the nonlocal strain gradient theory is utilized to derive the governing differential equation of motion that describes the out-of-plane free vibration behaviors of the nanoplate.The differential quadrature method is used to solve the governing equation numerically,and the natural frequencies of the out-of-plane vibration of rotating nanoplates are obtained accordingly.Two kinds of boundary conditions are commonly used in practical engineering,namely the fixed and simply supported constraints,and are considered in numerical examples.The variations of natural frequencies with respect to the thickness to radius ratio,the angular velocity,the nonlocal characteristic scale and the material characteristic scale are analyzed in detail.In particular,the critical angular velocity that measures whether the rotating circular nanoplate is stable or not is obtained numerically.The presented study has reference significance for the dynamic design and control of rotating circular nanostructures in current nano-technologies and nano-devices.