飞机研制生产数字转型发展需要建立跨越全生命周期和全产业链的、以物料清单(Bill Of Material,BOM)为核心的产品数据管理体系。在飞机研制过程中,多变的用户需求、精进的制造技术使得工程更改成为当代航空企业一项重要的业务活动。结...飞机研制生产数字转型发展需要建立跨越全生命周期和全产业链的、以物料清单(Bill Of Material,BOM)为核心的产品数据管理体系。在飞机研制过程中,多变的用户需求、精进的制造技术使得工程更改成为当代航空企业一项重要的业务活动。结合航空装备研制特点,针对当前研制体系要素不全、流动单向、串行为主和数据多源的痛点问题,提出了基于双BOM基础结构的多视图物料清单(xBOM)体系及数字化协同平台架构,突破全局更改核心关键技术,实现基于统一产品分解结构(Product Breakdown Structure,PBS)的多源数据集成、基于单数据源的数据分析及更改全生命周期监控,为航空装备研制能力提升提供了可供参考的最佳实践案例。展开更多
Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecolo...Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecological and environmental problems.In order to improve the resource use efficiency in these areas,we investigated the effects of different irrigation amounts(400(I1),300(I2)and 200(I3)mm)and nitrogen application rates(300(F1)and 150(F2)kg N/hm^(2))on water consumption,salt variation and resource use efficiency of spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the Hetao Irrigation District(HID)of Northwest China in 2017 and 2018.Result showed that soil water contents were 0.2%-8.9%and 13.9%-18.1%lower for I2 and I3 than for I1,respectively,but that was slightly higher for F2 than for F1.Soil salt contents were 7.8%-23.5%and 48.5%-48.9%lower for I2 than for I1 and I3,but that was 1.6%-5.5%higher for F1 than for F2.Less salt leaching at the early growth stage(from sowing to six-leaf stage)and higher salt accumulation at the peak growth stage(from six-leaf to tasseling stage and from grain-filling to maturity stage)resulted in a higher soil salt content for I3 than for I1 and I2.Grain yields for I1 and I2 were significantly higher than that for I3 and irrigation water use efficiency for I2 was 14.7%-34.0%higher than that for I1.Compared with F1,F2 increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of nitrogen fertilizer by more than 80%.PFP was not significantly different between I1F2 and I2F2,but significantly higher than those of other treatments.Considering the goal of saving water and nitrogen resources,and ensuring food security,we recommended the combination of I2F2 to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the HID and other similar arid saline areas.展开更多
文摘飞机研制生产数字转型发展需要建立跨越全生命周期和全产业链的、以物料清单(Bill Of Material,BOM)为核心的产品数据管理体系。在飞机研制过程中,多变的用户需求、精进的制造技术使得工程更改成为当代航空企业一项重要的业务活动。结合航空装备研制特点,针对当前研制体系要素不全、流动单向、串行为主和数据多源的痛点问题,提出了基于双BOM基础结构的多视图物料清单(xBOM)体系及数字化协同平台架构,突破全局更改核心关键技术,实现基于统一产品分解结构(Product Breakdown Structure,PBS)的多源数据集成、基于单数据源的数据分析及更改全生命周期监控,为航空装备研制能力提升提供了可供参考的最佳实践案例。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879224,51609237)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2019NY-190).
文摘Plastic mulched ridge-furrow irrigation is a useful method to improve crop productivity and decrease salt accumulation in arid saline areas.However,inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer practices may result in ecological and environmental problems.In order to improve the resource use efficiency in these areas,we investigated the effects of different irrigation amounts(400(I1),300(I2)and 200(I3)mm)and nitrogen application rates(300(F1)and 150(F2)kg N/hm^(2))on water consumption,salt variation and resource use efficiency of spring maize(Zea mays L.)in the Hetao Irrigation District(HID)of Northwest China in 2017 and 2018.Result showed that soil water contents were 0.2%-8.9%and 13.9%-18.1%lower for I2 and I3 than for I1,respectively,but that was slightly higher for F2 than for F1.Soil salt contents were 7.8%-23.5%and 48.5%-48.9%lower for I2 than for I1 and I3,but that was 1.6%-5.5%higher for F1 than for F2.Less salt leaching at the early growth stage(from sowing to six-leaf stage)and higher salt accumulation at the peak growth stage(from six-leaf to tasseling stage and from grain-filling to maturity stage)resulted in a higher soil salt content for I3 than for I1 and I2.Grain yields for I1 and I2 were significantly higher than that for I3 and irrigation water use efficiency for I2 was 14.7%-34.0%higher than that for I1.Compared with F1,F2 increased the partial factor productivity(PFP)of nitrogen fertilizer by more than 80%.PFP was not significantly different between I1F2 and I2F2,but significantly higher than those of other treatments.Considering the goal of saving water and nitrogen resources,and ensuring food security,we recommended the combination of I2F2 to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the HID and other similar arid saline areas.
