Shikimic acid accelerates phase change and flowering in Chinese jujube

The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely unknown. Shikimic acid (ShA) pathway is a main metabolic pathway closely related to the synthesis of hormones and many important secondary metabolites participating in plant phase change. So,whether ShA regulates phase change in plants is worth clarifying. Here, the distinct morphological characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of phase change in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important fruit tree native to China with nutritious fruit and outstanding tolerance abiotic stresses, were clarified. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that ShA is positively involved in jujube(Yuhong’×Xing 16’) phase change. The genes in the upstream of ShA synthesis pathway (ZjDAHPS, ZjDHQS and ZjSDH), the contents of ShA and the downstream secondary metabolites like phenols were significantly upregulated in the phase change period. Further, the treatment of spraying exogenous ShA verified that ShA at a very low concentration (60 mg·L^(-1)) can substantially speed up the phase change and flowering of jujube and other tested plants including Arabidopsis, tomato and wheat. The exogenous ShA (60 mg·L^(-1)) treatment in jujube seedlings could increase the accumulation of endogenous ShA, enhance leaf photosynthesis and the synthesis of phenols especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and promote the expression of genes (ZjCOs, ZjNFYs and ZjPHYs) involved in flowering pathway. Basing on above results, we put forward a propose for the underlying mechanism of ShA regulating phase change, and a hypothesis that ShA could be considered a phytohormone-like substance because it is endogenous, ubiquitous, movable and highly efficient at very low concentrations. This study highlights the critical role of ShA in plant phase change and its phytohormone-like properties.

LncRNA IDH1-AS1 sponges miR-518c-5p to suppress proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cell by targeting RMB47

Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)IDH1 antisense RNA 1(IDH1-AS1)is involved in the progression of multiple cancers,but its role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)is unknown.Therefore,we investigated the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 in EOC cells and normal ovarian epithelial cells by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).We first evaluated the effects of IDH1-AS1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of EOC cells through cell counting kit-8,colony formation,EdU,transwell,wound-healing,and xenograft assays.We then explored the downstream targets of IDH1-AS1 and verified the results by a dual-luciferase reporter,qPCR,rescue experiments,and Western blotting.We found that the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 were lower in EOC cells than in normal ovarian epithelial cells.High IDH1-AS1 expression of EOC patients from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database indicated a favorable prognosis,because IDH1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth of EOC.IDH1-AS1 sponged miR-518c-5p whose overexpression promoted EOC cell proliferation.The miR-518c-5p mimic also reversed the proliferation-inhibiting effect induced by IDH1-AS1 overexpression.Furthermore,we found that RNA binding motif protein 47(RBM47)was the downstream target of miR-518c-5p,that upregulation of RBM47 inhibited EOC cell proliferation,and that RBM47 overexpressing plasmid counteracted the proliferation-promoting effect caused by the IDH1-AS1 knockdown.Taken together,IDH1-AS1 may suppress EOC cell proliferation and tumor growth via the miR-518c-5p/RBM47 axis.

Meiotic nuclear divisions 1 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via regulating H2A.X variant histone

Introduction:Among all malignant tumors of the digestive system,pancreatic carcinoma exhibits the highest mortality rate.Currently,prevention and effective treatment are urgent issues that need to be addressed.Methods:The study focused on meiotic nuclear divisions 1(MND1),integrating data from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database with prognostic survival analysis.Simultaneously,experiments at cellular level were employed to demonstrate the effect of MND1 on the proliferation and migration of PC.The small-molecule inhibitor of MND1 was used to suppress the migration of PC cells by knocking down MND1 using small interfering RNA(siRNA)in Patu-8988 and Panc1 cell lines.Results:The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 indicated that the suppression of MND1 resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation.Wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that MND1 knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion.Flow cytometry revealed that inhibiting MND1 hindered the cell cycle.Furthermore,MND1 could stimulate the proliferation,migration,and invasion of Patu-8988 and Panc1 cells by increasing the expression of MND1.Notably,MND1 had a positive effect on H2AFX expression in PC cells.Elevated MND1 expression suggests the low overall survival rate of individuals diagnosed with PC.Conclusion:These findings suggest that MND1 has the potential to be a gene with the ability to accurately diagnose and treat PC.

Targeting the ferroptosis crosstalk:novel alternative strategies for the treatment of major depressive disorder

Depression is a major contributor to poor global health and disability,with a recently increasing incidence.Although drug therapy is commonly used to treat depression,conventional antidepressant drugs have several disadvantages,including slow onset,low response rates and severe adverse effects.Therefore,developing effective therapies for depression remains challenging.Although various aetiological theories of depression exist,the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex,and further research is crucial.Moreover,oxidative stress(OS)-induced lipid peroxidation has been demonstrated to trigger ferroptosis.Both OS and ferroptosis are pivotal mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,and investigation of the mediators involved in these processes has emerged as a prominent and active research direction.One previous study revealed that regulatory proteins involved in ferroptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of depression,and antidepressant drugs could reverse depressive symptoms by inhibiting ferroptosis in vivo,suggesting an important role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of depression.Hence,our current comprehensive review offers an up-to-date perspective on the intricate mechanisms involved,specifically concerning ferroptosis and OS in the context of depression,along with promising prospects for using molecular mediators to target ferroptosis.We delineate the key targets of molecular mediators involved in OS and ferroptosis implicated in depression,most notably reactive oxygen species and iron overload.Considering the pivotal role of OS-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders,delving deeper into the underlying subsequent mechanisms will contribute significantly to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for depression.

Spatial Statistical Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of High-Tech Industry Development

After 30 years of economic development, the high-tech industry has played an important role in China’s national economy. The development of high-level technological industry plays a leading role in guiding the transformation of China’s economy from “investment-driven” to “technology-driven”. The high-tech industry represents the future industrial development direction and plays a positive role in promoting the transformation of traditional industries. The rapid development of high-tech industry is the key to social progress. In this paper, the traditional analytical model of statistics is combined with principal component analysis and spatial analysis, and R language is used to express the analytical results intuitively on the map. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation is established.

仿生矿化法制备双磷酸根改性的纤维素/羟基磷灰石复合支架

通过高碘酸钠的氧化以及基于席夫碱原理的阿仑膦酸缩合对支架表面进行功能化改性,最后通过仿生矿化的方式制备了一种新型的双磷酸根纤维素/羟基磷灰石三维复合支架。通过红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪对磷酸化改性前后支架的矿化样品的组成、结构和形貌进行分析,结果表明改性后的凝胶支架表面沉积羟基磷灰石的含量、结晶度、晶粒尺寸、Ca/P元素比等,都更接近于天然骨骼中生物磷灰石晶体。细胞增殖毒性检测(CCK-8法)结果揭示了材料无细胞毒性,对矿化样品表面细胞的形貌分析表明,与未改性支架相比,细胞在复合支架上具有更高的活性以及更好的黏附性。因而,改性后的复合支架有望成为一种理想的支架材料。

Erbin在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的:探讨Erbin在食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)中的表达意义及其与患者预后的关系。方法:利用免疫组织化学法检测含有299例食管癌病例的组织芯片中Erbin的表达情况,并分析Erbin的表达与临床病理参数和患者生存时间的关系,采用Cox回归预测各临床病理参数的危险度。此外,借助蛋白印迹和PCR方法检测25例冷冻的食管癌组织和癌旁正常组织中Erbin的蛋白和基因表达。结果:与癌旁正常食管上皮相比,Erbin蛋白和mRNA在ESCC组织中的表达显著增高(55.2%vs. 0,P<0.05),且Erbin的高表达与患者的TNM分期(64.9%vs. 47.3%,P=0.002)和淋巴结转移状态密切相关(65.5%vs.45.0%,P<0.001),Erbin的高表达也与患者的不良预后密切相关(P<0.05)。结论:Erbin在食管鳞状细胞癌中表达增高并与患者的不良预后密切相关,提示Erbin可能是一个重要的肿瘤患者预后的生物标记物。

具备光热响应行为的自修复含氟聚氨酯的制备及性能

自修复聚氨酯材料存在修复手段单一和室温(25℃)下难以修复等问题,限制了其在电子皮肤、柔性器件等领域的应用。文中以聚四氢呋喃二醇1000(PTMEG)、自制含氟二元醇(FE-OH)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段,以胱氨酸(L-C)和4-甲基伞形酮(4-MU)分别作为生物基扩链剂和封端剂,炭黑(N-C)作为光热转化剂,成功制备了一系列不同含氟量的具备光热响应行为的聚氨酯弹性体(FPU)。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、3D轮廓仪等研究了FPU的自修复性能与自修复机理,通过热失重分析仪和接触角测量仪研究了FPU的热稳定性及疏水性。结果表明,FPU可实现在室温(25℃)和多波段光照条件下的双重自修复功能。相同条件下,随着FPU中含氟量的增加,其完全自修复时间明显缩短、热稳定性逐渐提高、疏水疏油性能逐渐增强。

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Partial Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in Mobility-Aware MEC System

Mobile edge computing(MEC)emerges as a paradigm to free mobile devices(MDs)from increasingly dense computing workloads in 6G networks.The quality of computing experience can be greatly improved by offloading computing tasks from MDs to MEC servers.Renewable energy harvested by energy harvesting equipments(EHQs)is considered as a promising power supply for users to process and offload tasks.In this paper,we apply the uniform mobility model of MDs to derive a more realistic wireless channel model in a multi-user MEC system with batteries as EHQs to harvest and storage energy.We investigate an optimization problem of the weighted sum of delay cost and energy cost of MDs in the MEC system.We propose an effective joint partial computation offloading and resource allocation(CORA)algorithm which is based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL)to obtain the optimal scheduling without prior knowledge of task arrival,renewable energy arrival as well as channel condition.The simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,which undoubtedly minimizes the cost of MDs compared with other benchmarks.

多重修复含氟聚氨酯的制备及响应型行为

为了改进传统自修复聚氨酯材料修复手段单一以及室温下难以修复等问题,文中以自制端羟基含氟多元醇(FE-OH)、聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMEG)为软段,异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段,胱胺(CM)和4-甲基伞形酮(4-MU)分别为扩链剂和封端剂,以聚吡咯修饰碳纳米管(PPY/CNTs)为光热转换导电助剂,制得可光热修复含氟聚氨酯导电弹性体(CFPU)。通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱等对CFPU结构进行了表征,通过光学显微镜、3D轮廓仪等研究了CFPU的自修复性能,通过接触角测量仪研究了CFPU的疏水性能,通过数字万用表、电化学工作站研究了CFPU的导电性和理化响应性。结果表明,CFPU在室温(25℃)和不同波长光照条件下均具备优良的自修复性能,当PPY/CNTs添加量为25%(CFPU1)时,材料力学性能、疏水性等综合性能最优,且表现出良好的温度及化学环境响应性。该材料在医疗诊断、电子皮肤等领域具备潜在的应用前景。

具备环境响应特性的可光热修复聚(硅氧烷-氨酯)的制备与性能

自修复聚氨酯存在较低温度下难以修复,修复手段单一以及耐热性能差等难题,限制了其在智能穿戴、柔性传感器等领域的应用。文中以聚四氢呋喃二醇1000(PTMEG)和端羟基聚硅氧烷(PDMS-OH)为软段、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段、4,4’-二氨基二苯二硫醚(4-SO)和4-甲基伞形酮(4-MU)分别作为扩链剂和封端剂、并以自制的聚吡咯修饰的银纳米线(PPy/AgNWs)作为光热转换导电助剂,最终制备了一系列可光热修复的聚(硅氧烷-氨酯)导电弹性体(SiEPU)。研究了PPy/AgNWs的添加量对SiEPU各性能的影响。通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱和透射电镜对产物进行结构表征,表明了SiEPU的成功制备;通过光学显微镜、3D轮廓仪等证明了SiEPU可实现在室温(25℃)和多波段光照条件下的双重自修复功能,且SiEPU3在100℃下,10 min即可完成自修复;通过万用试验机验证了在相同条件下,随着PPy/AgNWs含量的增加,SiEPU的力学性能明显提高,且一系列SiEPU在75℃加热条件下均具有超过85%的全切修复效率;通过热失重分析仪分析说明,随着PPy/AgNWs含量的增加,SiEPU的热稳定性有一定提升,SiEPU3的残碳率较SiEPU0增大了近20%;通过数字万用表证实了SiEPU可实现对温度及化学环境的响应行为。

Low-Temperature Aging Provides 22% E cient Bromine-Free and Passivation Layer-Free Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Previous reports of formamidinium/methylamine(FAMA)-mixed halide perovskite solar cells have focused mainly on controlling the morphology of the perovskite film and its interface—for example,through the inclusion of bromine and surface passivation.In this paper,we describe a new processing pathway for the growth of a high-quality bromine-free FAMAPbI3 halide perovskites via the control of intermediate phase.Through low-temperature aging growth(LTAG)of a freshly deposited perovskite film,α-phase perovskites can be seeded in the intermediate phase and,at the same time,prevent beta-phase perovskite to nucleate.After postannealing,large grain-size perovskites with significantly reduced PbI2 presence on the surface can be obtained,thereby eliminating the need of additional surface passivation step.Our pristine LTAG-treated solar cells could provide PCEs of greater than 22%without elaborate use of bromine or an additional passivation layer.More importantly,when using this LTAG process,the growth of the pure alpha-phase FAMAPbI3 was highly reproducible.

How text sentiment moderates the impact of motivational cues on crowdfunding campaigns

Arousing funders’motives for crowdfunding participation is a challenge for every entrepreneur.According to self-determination theory,crowdfunding involvement is driven by two kinds of motivations:extrinsic and intrinsic motives.Campaign narratives with different sentimental orientations could act as cues triggering funders’motives of capital-giving differently.Thus,we focus on the moderating effect of text sentiment on the motivational cues in crowdfunding campaigns.We hypothesize that the sentiment of campaign narratives moderates the relationship between motivational cues and fundraising success.Data are selected from 270,000 campaigns of the crowdfunding website Indiegogo.Empirical analysis demonstrates that the sentiment strength positively moderates the effect of intrinsic motives on fundraising success but negatively moderates the impact of extrinsic motives on fundraising success.The findings provide managerial insights for practitioners to stimulate specified motives by using the narratives with proper sentiment strength.

Comparison of Extraction Methods for Total Alkaloids from Abrus Cantoniensis Hance

[Objectives] To compare different extraction methods for total alkaloids from Abrus Cantoniensis Hance taking chloroform as solvent. [Methods] The ethanol extraction method,ultrasonic extraction method,acid water extraction method,and Soxhlet extraction method were used to extract total alkaloids,and the total alkaloids of Abrus Cantoniensis Hance were measured at 238 nm wavelength. [Results] The extraction rate of ethanol extraction method was 14. 76 mg/100 g; the extraction rate of ultrasonic extraction method was 56. 85 mg/100 g; the extraction rate of acid water extraction method was 56. 63 mg/100 g; the extraction rate of Soxhlet extraction method was 58. 19 mg/100 g.[Conclusions]Results indicate that Soxhlet extraction method can obtain the highest extraction rate.

Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

In this study,online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang,China during wintertime.The dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))(the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA)accounted for 17%,21%,and 12% of PM_(2.5)mass,respectively.While the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades,the precursor gas sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))of SO_(4)^(2-)increased and then decreased with a fluctuation,while nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and ammonia(NH_(3)),precursors of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and SNA show increasing trends.Meteorological factors including boundary layer height(BLH),temperature,and wind speed also show decline trends,except relative humidity(RH).Meanwhile,the secondary conversion ratio shows a remarkable increasing trend,indicating that there was a strong secondary transformation.From the perspective of chemical mechanisms,RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR),nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR),and ammonia conversion ratios,representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of SNA.Notably,SOR and NOR were also positively related to the ammonia.On the one hand,the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of pollutants.On the other hand,the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM_(2.5).The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang,in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.

Grain boundary boosting the thermal stability of Pt/CeO_(2)thin films

Understanding how defect chemistry of oxide material influences the thermal stability of noble metal dopant ions plays an important role in designing high-performance heterogeneous catalytic systems.Here we use in-situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(APXPS)to experimentally determine the role of grain boundary in the thermal stability of platinum doped cerium oxide(Pt/CeO_(2)).The grain boundaries were introduced in Pt/CeO_(2)thin films by pulsed laser deposition without significantly change of the surface microstructure.The defect level was tuned by the strain field obtained using a highly/low mismatched substrate.The Pt/CeO_(2)thin film models having well defined crystallographic properties but different grain boundary structural defect levels provide an ideal platform for exploring the evolution of Pt–O–Ce bond with changing the temperature in reducing conditions.We have direct demonstration and explanation of the role of Ce^(3+)induced by grain boundaries in enhancing Pt2+stability.We observe that the Pt^(2+)–O–Ce^(3+)bond provides an ideal coordinated site for anchoring of Pt^(2+)ions and limits the further formation of oxygen vacancies during the reduction with H_(2).Our findings demonstrate the importance of grain boundary in the atomic-scale design of thermally stable catalytic active sites.

Rational design of an AIE-active metal-organic framework for highly sensitive and portable sensing nitroaromatic explosives

Herein,we report a new metal-organic framework with an AIE ligand (H_(4)TCPP=2,3,5,6-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine) and Mg^(2+) ions,that is,[Mg_(2)(H_(2)O)_(4)TCPP]·DMF·5CH_(3)CN (Mg-TCPP,TCPP=tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine) for detection of nitroaromatic explosives.Due to the coordination effect and restricted intramolecular rotation,Mg-TCPP exhibits bright blue light.As a fluorescent sensor,Mg-TCPP exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) by quenching behaviors with the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (K_(SV)) of 3.63×10^(5)L/mol and achieves the low limit of detection of 25.6 ppb,which is beyond most of the previously reported fluorescent materials.Notably,the portable Mg-TCPP films are prepared and it can be used for rapid and sensitive TNP detection in a variety of environments including organic solvent and aqueous solution.Moreover,TNP vapor can be detected within 3 min by naked eye and the film could be regenerated under simple solvent cleaning.

Two birds with one stone:Construction of bifunctional-POSS hybridized boron-silicon ceramicized phenolic composites and its ablation behavior

To further enhance the ablation resistance properties of thermosetting phenolic resin matrix composites,in this work,bifunctional alkalic heptaphenyltrisilanol sodium salt polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane was utilized to catalyze the synthesis of boron phenolic resin and provide silicon source to obtain boron-silicon hybrid phenolic resin(BPOSSPR)with excellent ablative resistance.BPOSSPR possesses a low cur-ing activation energy(101.4 kJ/mol)and excellent thermal properties(initial decomposition temperature was 453.0℃and char yield at 1000℃was 72.7%).The mechanical and thermal insulation properties of carbon fiber reinforced BPOSSPR composites(CF/BPOSSPR)and high silica fiber reinforced BPOSSPR composites(HSF/BPOSSPR)are significantly enhanced.The linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate of CF/BPOSSPR are as low as 0.003 mm/s and 0.0354 g/s;those of HSF/BPOSSPR are 0.119 mm/s and 0.0264 g/s.The ablation-resistance mechanism of BPOSSPR composites is mainly due to the formation of ceramic thermal barrier layers under high temperature conditions,such as B_(2)O_(3),SiO_(2),borosilicate glass,SiC,which might play an effective role in protecting against heat flow erosion.As a result of these ex-cellent properties,the innovative heat shielding BPOSSPR composites could offer the ability to tolerate harsher environment in future aerospace applications.

Erratum to:Grain boundary boosting the thermal stability of Pt/CeO_(2)thin films

The name of the third author in original paper was unfortunately misspelled.It should be“Xiangchen Hu”,instead of“Xiangcheng Hu”.

Reconfigurable Vortex-like Paramagnetic Nanoparticle Swarm with Upstream Motility and High Body-length Ratio Velocity

Drug delivery systems with high-targeted doses can minimize excipients,reduce side effects,and improve efficacy.Human blood circulation is a complex circulatory system,and the motion control of microrobots in the static flow field in vitro is completely different from in vivo.How to achieve precise counterflow motion for targeted drug delivery without vascular blockage and immune rejection is the biggest challenge for micro-nano robots.Here,we propose a control method that enables vortex-like paramagnetic nanoparticle swarm(VPNS)to move upstream against the flow.By mimicking the clustering motion of wild herring schools and the rolling of leukocytes,VPNS are incredibly stable even when subjected to high-intensity jet impacts in the blood environment,can travel upstream,anchor at the target location,and dissipate when the magnetic field is withdrawn,which greatly reduces the risk of thrombosis.VPNS can also upstream along the vessel wall without an additional energy source and has a marked targeted therapeutic effect on subcutaneous tumors.