Background:This study aimed to construct and characterize a humanized influenza mouse model expressing hST6GAL1.Methods:Humanized fragments,consisting of the endothelial cell-specific K18 promoter,human ST6GAL1-encodi...Background:This study aimed to construct and characterize a humanized influenza mouse model expressing hST6GAL1.Methods:Humanized fragments,consisting of the endothelial cell-specific K18 promoter,human ST6GAL1-encoding gene,and luciferase gene,were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of mice.The manipulated embryos were transferred into the oviducts of pseudopregnant female mice.The offspring were identified using PCR.Mice exhibiting elevated expression of the hST6GAL1 gene were selectively bred for propagation,and in vivo analysis was performed for screening.Expression of the humanized gene was tested by performing immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis.Hematologic and biochemical analyses using the whole blood and serum of humanized hST6GAL1 mice were performed.Results:Successful integration of the human ST6GAL1 gene into the mouse genome led to the overexpression of human SiaT ST6GAL1.Seven mice were identified as carrying copies of the humanized gene,and the in vivo analysis indicated that hST6GAL1gene expression in positive mice mirrored influenza virus infection characteristics.The IHC results revealed that hST6GAL1 was expressed in the lungs of humanized mice.Moreover,the hematologic and biochemical parameters of the positive mice were within the normal range.Conclusion:A humanized influenza mouse model expressing the hST6GAL1 gene was successfully established and characterized.展开更多
Background:Calmodulin(CaM)is one of the most important Ca^(2+)signaling receptors because it regulates diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in plants.CaM functions by interacting with CaM-binding proteins(C...Background:Calmodulin(CaM)is one of the most important Ca^(2+)signaling receptors because it regulates diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in plants.CaM functions by interacting with CaM-binding proteins(CaMBPs)to modulate Ca^(2+)signaling.IQ domain(IQD)proteins are plant-specific CaMBPs that bind to CaM by their specific CaM binding sites.Results:In this study,we identified 102 GhIQD genes in the Gossypium hirsutum L.genome.The GhIQD gene family was classified into four clusters(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ),and we then mapped the GhIQD genes to the G.hirsutum L.chromosomes.Moreover,we found that 100 of the 102 GhIQD genes resulted from segmental duplication events,indicating that segmental duplication is the main force driving GhIQD gene expansion.Gene expression pattern analysis showed that a total of 89 GhIQD genes expressed in the elongation stage and second cell wall biosynthesis stage of the fiber cells,suggesting that GhIQD genes may contribute to fiber cell development in cotton.In addition,we found that 20 selected GhIQD genes were highly expressed in various tissues.Exogenous application of MeJA significantly enhanced the expression levels of GhIQD genes.Conclusions:Our study shows that GhIQD genes are involved in fiber cell development in cotton and are also widely induced by MeJA.Thw results provide bases to systematically characterize the evolution and biological functions of GhIQD genes,as well as clues to breed better cotton varieties in the future.展开更多
Background:Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally,fulfilling 90%of the textile industry’s requirements.However,fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages.Fiber develops from a s...Background:Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally,fulfilling 90%of the textile industry’s requirements.However,fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages.Fiber develops from a single cell,and cell elongation is a vital process in fiber development.Therefore,it is pertinent to understand and exploit mechanisms underlying cell elongation during fiber development.A previous report about cell division control protein 42(CDC-42)with its key role in cell elongation in eukaryotes inspired us to explore its homologs Rho GTPases for understanding of cell elongation during cotton fiber development.Result:We classified 2066 Rho proteins from 8 Gossypium species into 5 and 8 groups within A and D sub-genomes,respectively.Asymmetric evolution of Rho members was observed among five tetraploids.Population fixation statistics between two short and long fiber genotypes identified highly diverged regions encompassing 34 Rho genes in G.hirustum,and 31 of them were retained through further validation by genome wide association analysis(GWAS).Moreover,a weighted gene co-expression network characterized genome-wide expression patteren of Rho genes based on previously published transcriptome data.Twenty Rho genes from five modules were identified as hub genes which were potentially related to fiber development.Interaction networks of 5 Rho genes based on transcriptional abundance and gene ontology(GO)enrichment emphasized the involvement of Rho in cell wall biosynthesis,fatty acid elongation,and other biological processes.Conclusion:Our study characterized the Rho proteins in cotton,provided insights into the cell elongation of cotton fiber and potential application in cotton fiber improvement.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2301403 and 2022YFF0711000。
文摘Background:This study aimed to construct and characterize a humanized influenza mouse model expressing hST6GAL1.Methods:Humanized fragments,consisting of the endothelial cell-specific K18 promoter,human ST6GAL1-encoding gene,and luciferase gene,were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of mice.The manipulated embryos were transferred into the oviducts of pseudopregnant female mice.The offspring were identified using PCR.Mice exhibiting elevated expression of the hST6GAL1 gene were selectively bred for propagation,and in vivo analysis was performed for screening.Expression of the humanized gene was tested by performing immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis.Hematologic and biochemical analyses using the whole blood and serum of humanized hST6GAL1 mice were performed.Results:Successful integration of the human ST6GAL1 gene into the mouse genome led to the overexpression of human SiaT ST6GAL1.Seven mice were identified as carrying copies of the humanized gene,and the in vivo analysis indicated that hST6GAL1gene expression in positive mice mirrored influenza virus infection characteristics.The IHC results revealed that hST6GAL1 was expressed in the lungs of humanized mice.Moreover,the hematologic and biochemical parameters of the positive mice were within the normal range.Conclusion:A humanized influenza mouse model expressing the hST6GAL1 gene was successfully established and characterized.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Open Fund(grant numbers CB2019A03 and CB2018A07)comprehensive Scientific research fund project of Xianyang Normal University(XSYK20002)+2 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Shaanxi Province(S202010722071)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31872175)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(grant number 2019NY-103).
文摘Background:Calmodulin(CaM)is one of the most important Ca^(2+)signaling receptors because it regulates diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in plants.CaM functions by interacting with CaM-binding proteins(CaMBPs)to modulate Ca^(2+)signaling.IQ domain(IQD)proteins are plant-specific CaMBPs that bind to CaM by their specific CaM binding sites.Results:In this study,we identified 102 GhIQD genes in the Gossypium hirsutum L.genome.The GhIQD gene family was classified into four clusters(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ),and we then mapped the GhIQD genes to the G.hirsutum L.chromosomes.Moreover,we found that 100 of the 102 GhIQD genes resulted from segmental duplication events,indicating that segmental duplication is the main force driving GhIQD gene expansion.Gene expression pattern analysis showed that a total of 89 GhIQD genes expressed in the elongation stage and second cell wall biosynthesis stage of the fiber cells,suggesting that GhIQD genes may contribute to fiber cell development in cotton.In addition,we found that 20 selected GhIQD genes were highly expressed in various tissues.Exogenous application of MeJA significantly enhanced the expression levels of GhIQD genes.Conclusions:Our study shows that GhIQD genes are involved in fiber cell development in cotton and are also widely induced by MeJA.Thw results provide bases to systematically characterize the evolution and biological functions of GhIQD genes,as well as clues to breed better cotton varieties in the future.
基金supported by Funds of the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0101006,2018YFD0100402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621005 and 31901581)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1610162021013).
文摘Background:Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally,fulfilling 90%of the textile industry’s requirements.However,fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages.Fiber develops from a single cell,and cell elongation is a vital process in fiber development.Therefore,it is pertinent to understand and exploit mechanisms underlying cell elongation during fiber development.A previous report about cell division control protein 42(CDC-42)with its key role in cell elongation in eukaryotes inspired us to explore its homologs Rho GTPases for understanding of cell elongation during cotton fiber development.Result:We classified 2066 Rho proteins from 8 Gossypium species into 5 and 8 groups within A and D sub-genomes,respectively.Asymmetric evolution of Rho members was observed among five tetraploids.Population fixation statistics between two short and long fiber genotypes identified highly diverged regions encompassing 34 Rho genes in G.hirustum,and 31 of them were retained through further validation by genome wide association analysis(GWAS).Moreover,a weighted gene co-expression network characterized genome-wide expression patteren of Rho genes based on previously published transcriptome data.Twenty Rho genes from five modules were identified as hub genes which were potentially related to fiber development.Interaction networks of 5 Rho genes based on transcriptional abundance and gene ontology(GO)enrichment emphasized the involvement of Rho in cell wall biosynthesis,fatty acid elongation,and other biological processes.Conclusion:Our study characterized the Rho proteins in cotton,provided insights into the cell elongation of cotton fiber and potential application in cotton fiber improvement.
