宫腔妊娠组织物残留(retained products of conception,RPOC)指妊娠后产生或发育的妊娠组织物在分娩或终止妊娠后仍然存在的现象。超声检查是诊断RPOC的主要方法,血流信号是其超声诊断的要点,局灶性子宫内膜增厚、宫腔内高回声团块或其...宫腔妊娠组织物残留(retained products of conception,RPOC)指妊娠后产生或发育的妊娠组织物在分娩或终止妊娠后仍然存在的现象。超声检查是诊断RPOC的主要方法,血流信号是其超声诊断的要点,局灶性子宫内膜增厚、宫腔内高回声团块或其周围具有低阻力动脉血流时高度提示RPOC。子宫内膜厚度及回声以及超声血管分级对于RPOC的临床诊断起到重要作用;宫腔镜检查是进一步明确诊断的主要方法。RPOC的鉴别诊断主要包括子宫动静脉畸形及妊娠滋养细胞疾病,计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)可有助于其鉴别。治疗方法分为药物治疗和手术治疗。常用药物为米非司酮及米索前列醇。手术治疗从超声引导下的清宫术治疗逐渐发展为宫腔镜下病灶清除,后者具有完全清除率高、术后并发症发生率低的优点,是目前治疗RPOC的主要方法。展开更多
Atmospheric compositions and acid rain are closely related to atmospheric environment,weather,and climate change.In this study,the concentration levels and long-term trends of CO_(2),CH_(4),O_(3),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and ...Atmospheric compositions and acid rain are closely related to atmospheric environment,weather,and climate change.In this study,the concentration levels and long-term trends of CO_(2),CH_(4),O_(3),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and acid rain were presented at the Mt.Waliguan global baseline station in Qinghai,Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations in the North China Plain(NCP)and the Yangtze River Delta region(YRD)of China based on the data observed until 2018.Significant increasing trends of CO_(2) were found at all of these stations.At Mt.Waliguan,the concentration levels and growth rate were consistent with the average values in the Northern Hemisphere(NH)and those observed at the Mauna Loa station in Hawaii.The CH_(4) also showed a upward tendency similar to that observed in NH.Compared with the observations at Mt.Waliguan global baseline station,the CO_(2) and CH_(4) mole fractions were higher at Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations,indicating the important contributions of anthropogenic activities to the regional background level of CO_(2) and CH_(4).The annual averaged surface ozone showed increasing trends at Mt.Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations,whereas no clear trend was found at Lin'an station.Similar variations in the patterns of aerosol concentrations at Shangdianzi and Lin'an were found according to the PM_(2.5) or PM_(10) observations.Overall,the aerosol concentrations at both stations shown declining trends since the observations.However,two periods of high particle concentrations occurred in 2006-2007 and 2013-2014.The annual mean aerosol concentrations have continuously decreased after 2013-2014,indicating the effectiveness of pollution control in the NCP and YRD,especially since the implementation of the‘Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution’in September 2013.Comparative analysis of aerosol with acid rain showed that the period with high concentrations of aerosols in the early years was consistent with that of severe acid rain pollution,suggesting that both aerosol pollution and severe acid rain are closely related to coal combustion emissions in China.As a result of the control of coal combustion emissions for acid and SO_(2),NO_(x) emissions have contributed more substantially to aerosols due to the rapid growth of vehicle ownership.A comparison of the trends of aerosols with the maximum daily 8-h average of surface ozone(MDA8)at Shangdianzi and Lin'an stations revealed the complicated relationship between aerosol reduction and ozone production,i.e.,together with the continuous improvement of particulate pollution in the NCP and YRD,the MDA8 at both stations showed a decreasing trend at first but subsequently increased after 2014 with aerosols remaining reduced.Such different variation patterns of the MDA8 with PM_(2.5)(or PM_(10))indicated the high challenge of synergic control of aerosol and ozone pollution in China.展开更多
文摘宫腔妊娠组织物残留(retained products of conception,RPOC)指妊娠后产生或发育的妊娠组织物在分娩或终止妊娠后仍然存在的现象。超声检查是诊断RPOC的主要方法,血流信号是其超声诊断的要点,局灶性子宫内膜增厚、宫腔内高回声团块或其周围具有低阻力动脉血流时高度提示RPOC。子宫内膜厚度及回声以及超声血管分级对于RPOC的临床诊断起到重要作用;宫腔镜检查是进一步明确诊断的主要方法。RPOC的鉴别诊断主要包括子宫动静脉畸形及妊娠滋养细胞疾病,计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)可有助于其鉴别。治疗方法分为药物治疗和手术治疗。常用药物为米非司酮及米索前列醇。手术治疗从超声引导下的清宫术治疗逐渐发展为宫腔镜下病灶清除,后者具有完全清除率高、术后并发症发生率低的优点,是目前治疗RPOC的主要方法。
基金under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1501702)the Natural Science Foundation of China(91644223 and 41805027).
文摘Atmospheric compositions and acid rain are closely related to atmospheric environment,weather,and climate change.In this study,the concentration levels and long-term trends of CO_(2),CH_(4),O_(3),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and acid rain were presented at the Mt.Waliguan global baseline station in Qinghai,Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations in the North China Plain(NCP)and the Yangtze River Delta region(YRD)of China based on the data observed until 2018.Significant increasing trends of CO_(2) were found at all of these stations.At Mt.Waliguan,the concentration levels and growth rate were consistent with the average values in the Northern Hemisphere(NH)and those observed at the Mauna Loa station in Hawaii.The CH_(4) also showed a upward tendency similar to that observed in NH.Compared with the observations at Mt.Waliguan global baseline station,the CO_(2) and CH_(4) mole fractions were higher at Shangdianzi and Lin'an regional background stations,indicating the important contributions of anthropogenic activities to the regional background level of CO_(2) and CH_(4).The annual averaged surface ozone showed increasing trends at Mt.Waliguan and Shangdianzi stations,whereas no clear trend was found at Lin'an station.Similar variations in the patterns of aerosol concentrations at Shangdianzi and Lin'an were found according to the PM_(2.5) or PM_(10) observations.Overall,the aerosol concentrations at both stations shown declining trends since the observations.However,two periods of high particle concentrations occurred in 2006-2007 and 2013-2014.The annual mean aerosol concentrations have continuously decreased after 2013-2014,indicating the effectiveness of pollution control in the NCP and YRD,especially since the implementation of the‘Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution’in September 2013.Comparative analysis of aerosol with acid rain showed that the period with high concentrations of aerosols in the early years was consistent with that of severe acid rain pollution,suggesting that both aerosol pollution and severe acid rain are closely related to coal combustion emissions in China.As a result of the control of coal combustion emissions for acid and SO_(2),NO_(x) emissions have contributed more substantially to aerosols due to the rapid growth of vehicle ownership.A comparison of the trends of aerosols with the maximum daily 8-h average of surface ozone(MDA8)at Shangdianzi and Lin'an stations revealed the complicated relationship between aerosol reduction and ozone production,i.e.,together with the continuous improvement of particulate pollution in the NCP and YRD,the MDA8 at both stations showed a decreasing trend at first but subsequently increased after 2014 with aerosols remaining reduced.Such different variation patterns of the MDA8 with PM_(2.5)(or PM_(10))indicated the high challenge of synergic control of aerosol and ozone pollution in China.
