Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), a...Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), and tested it using nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests. We selected two tropical rainforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and ectomycorrhizal(ECM) trees, and established eighteen20 m×20 m plots in each rainforest. Six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) addition treatments were randomly distributed in each rainforest with three replicates. We examined the differences in soil carbon(C) and nutrient cycling, plant and litter productivity between the two rainforests and their responses to 10-year inorganic N and P additions. We also quantified the P pools of plants, roots, litter, soil and microbes in the two rainforests. Overall,distinct MANE frameworks were applicable for tropical rainforests, in which soil C, N and P were cycled primarily in an inorganic form in the AM-dominated rainforest, whereas they were cycled in an organic form in the ECMdominated rainforest. Notably, the effects of mycorrhizal types on soil P cycling were stronger than those on C and N cycling. The intensified N and P deposition benefited the growth of AM-dominated rainforests instead of ECMdominated rainforests. Our findings underpin the key role of mycorrhizal types in regulating biogeochemical processes, and have important implications for predicting the ecological consequences of global changes.展开更多
This paper studies self-synchronization and stability of a dual-motor driven vibration system with a two-stage vibration isolation frame. Oscillation amplitude of the material box large enough can be ensured on the vi...This paper studies self-synchronization and stability of a dual-motor driven vibration system with a two-stage vibration isolation frame. Oscillation amplitude of the material box large enough can be ensured on the vibration system in order to screen materials. Reduction of the dynamic load transmitted to the foundation can also be achieved for the vibration system. A Lagrange equation is used to set up the motion differential equations of the system, and a dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors is obtained using a method of modified average small parameter. According to the existence condition of zero solution in the dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors, the precondition for commencing self-synchronization motion is achieved.The stability condition of self-synchronization is obtained based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments.展开更多
Analytical solutions for the elastic properties of a variety of binary nanotubes with arbitrary chirality are obtained through the study of systematic molecular mechanics. This molecular mechanics model is first exten...Analytical solutions for the elastic properties of a variety of binary nanotubes with arbitrary chirality are obtained through the study of systematic molecular mechanics. This molecular mechanics model is first extended to chiral binary nanotubes by introducing an additional out-of-plane inversion term into the so-called stick-spiral model, which results from the polar bonds and the buckling of binary graphitic crystals. The closed-form expressions for the longitudinal and circumferential Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of chiral binary nanotubes are derived as functions of the tube diameter. The obtained inversion force constants are negative for all types of binary nanotubes, and the predicted tube stiffness is lower than that by the former stick-spiral model without consideration of the inversion term, reflecting the softening effect of the buckling on the elastic properties of binary nanotubes. The obtained properties are shown to be comparable to available density functional theory calculated results and to be chirality and size sensitive. The developed model and explicit solutions provide a systematic understanding of the mechanical performance of binary nanotubes consisting of III-V and II-VI group elements.展开更多
Anesthesia is mainly a kind of reversible functional inhibition of the central nervous system and(or)peripheral nervous system through drugs or other methods.In modern clinical medicine,modern anesthesiology is a comp...Anesthesia is mainly a kind of reversible functional inhibition of the central nervous system and(or)peripheral nervous system through drugs or other methods.In modern clinical medicine,modern anesthesiology is a comprehensive subject,which mainly includes clinical anesthesia,pain diagnosis and treatment,intensive care treatment,first aid and resuscitation,etc.Electroacupuncture is developed based on acupuncture therapy which is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It uses the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and electrical stimulation to deliver electrical energy through acupoints to achieve therapeutic effects.It has been widely used in recent years in clinical.This article summarizes the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture and its application in different anesthesia methods,so that clinicians have a deeper understanding of the clinical application of electroacupuncture and promote its clinical application.展开更多
Flow-induced vibration(FIV)of a group of long,flexible cylinders involves a complex interaction between fluid and structures.Although a substantial number of studies have been devoted to assessing FIV response behavio...Flow-induced vibration(FIV)of a group of long,flexible cylinders involves a complex interaction between fluid and structures.Although a substantial number of studies have been devoted to assessing FIV response behaviours,fatigue damage features of staggered flexible cylinders are not fully understood.Moreover,the wake-induced flutter constitutes an intricate hydrodynamic behaviour that frequently occurs when one cylinder is in the vicinity of another one.Unfortunately,existing studies on the fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter are incapable of achieving better results.This paper,therefore,estimates the FIV fatigue damage of two staggered flexible cylinders with an aspect ratio of 350 and a mass ratio of 1.90 based on normal S−N curves according to Det Norske Veritas(DNV)regulations.Twelve staggered cases(cross-flow spacing ratios of 2.0,3.0,4.0,and 6.0 and in-line spacing ratios of 4.0,6.0,and 8.0)are discussed for comparison,and fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter is thoroughly considered.Fatigue damage results indicate that the variation of the cross-flow(CF)spacing ratio has a greater influence than that of the in-line(IL)spacing ratio on the CF fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder.Lower IL fatigue damages of the upstream cylinder are observed when reduced velocity V_(r)≥15.03 due to the wake flow patterns with different IL spacing ratios.Moreover,wake interference,especially wake-induced flutter,predominates the fatigue damage characteristics of the downstream cylinder.When V_(r)=8.77−11.27,wake-induced flutter enhances the IL fatigue damage of the downstream cylinder and slightly affects that of the upstream body.Furthermore,wake-induced flutter causes considerable IL fatigue damage disparity between the two staggered cylinders by suppressing the IL fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder when V_(r)≥20.04.展开更多
Benefiting from the advantage of taking place in biological environments without interfering with an innate biochemical process,the bioorthogonal reaction that commonly contains the“bond formation”and“bond cleavage...Benefiting from the advantage of taking place in biological environments without interfering with an innate biochemical process,the bioorthogonal reaction that commonly contains the“bond formation”and“bond cleavage”system has been widely used in targeted therapy for a variety of tumors.Herein,several prominent cases based on the bioorthogonal reaction that tailoring the metabolic glycoengineering tactics to modified cells for cancer immunotherapy,and the innovative tactics for reducing the metal ions’toxic and side effects with microneedle patches will be highlighted.Based on these applications,the complexities,potential pitfalls,and opportunities of bioorthogonal chemistry in future cancer therapy will be evaluated.展开更多
Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis.They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various inj...Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis.They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various injuries.Capable to proliferate and differentiate,pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cells contribute to the maintenance of lung structure and function both under homeostasis and following injuries.Discovering candidate pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell types and underlying regenerative mechanisms provide insights into therapeutic strategy development for lung diseases.In this review,we reveal their compositions,roles in lung disease pathogenesis and injury repair,and the underlying mechanisms.We further underline the advanced progress in research approach and potential therapy for lung regeneration.We also demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of pulmonary endogenous stem cell transplantation for lung disease treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31988102)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0503906)。
文摘Shifts in tree species and their mycorrhizal associations driven by global change play key roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we proposed a framework of the mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy(MANE), and tested it using nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests. We selected two tropical rainforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) and ectomycorrhizal(ECM) trees, and established eighteen20 m×20 m plots in each rainforest. Six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) addition treatments were randomly distributed in each rainforest with three replicates. We examined the differences in soil carbon(C) and nutrient cycling, plant and litter productivity between the two rainforests and their responses to 10-year inorganic N and P additions. We also quantified the P pools of plants, roots, litter, soil and microbes in the two rainforests. Overall,distinct MANE frameworks were applicable for tropical rainforests, in which soil C, N and P were cycled primarily in an inorganic form in the AM-dominated rainforest, whereas they were cycled in an organic form in the ECMdominated rainforest. Notably, the effects of mycorrhizal types on soil P cycling were stronger than those on C and N cycling. The intensified N and P deposition benefited the growth of AM-dominated rainforests instead of ECMdominated rainforests. Our findings underpin the key role of mycorrhizal types in regulating biogeochemical processes, and have important implications for predicting the ecological consequences of global changes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175071)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N120203001 and N130803001)the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects(No.2013YQ474765)
文摘This paper studies self-synchronization and stability of a dual-motor driven vibration system with a two-stage vibration isolation frame. Oscillation amplitude of the material box large enough can be ensured on the vibration system in order to screen materials. Reduction of the dynamic load transmitted to the foundation can also be achieved for the vibration system. A Lagrange equation is used to set up the motion differential equations of the system, and a dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors is obtained using a method of modified average small parameter. According to the existence condition of zero solution in the dimensionless coupled equation of the eccentric rotors, the precondition for commencing self-synchronization motion is achieved.The stability condition of self-synchronization is obtained based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments.
基金supported by the 973 Program (Grants 2013CB932604, 2012CB933403)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsJiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education (Grant CXZZ12_0140)
文摘Analytical solutions for the elastic properties of a variety of binary nanotubes with arbitrary chirality are obtained through the study of systematic molecular mechanics. This molecular mechanics model is first extended to chiral binary nanotubes by introducing an additional out-of-plane inversion term into the so-called stick-spiral model, which results from the polar bonds and the buckling of binary graphitic crystals. The closed-form expressions for the longitudinal and circumferential Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of chiral binary nanotubes are derived as functions of the tube diameter. The obtained inversion force constants are negative for all types of binary nanotubes, and the predicted tube stiffness is lower than that by the former stick-spiral model without consideration of the inversion term, reflecting the softening effect of the buckling on the elastic properties of binary nanotubes. The obtained properties are shown to be comparable to available density functional theory calculated results and to be chirality and size sensitive. The developed model and explicit solutions provide a systematic understanding of the mechanical performance of binary nanotubes consisting of III-V and II-VI group elements.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81801175)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M662179)+1 种基金the Anhui Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019B324)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK9110000044).
文摘Anesthesia is mainly a kind of reversible functional inhibition of the central nervous system and(or)peripheral nervous system through drugs or other methods.In modern clinical medicine,modern anesthesiology is a comprehensive subject,which mainly includes clinical anesthesia,pain diagnosis and treatment,intensive care treatment,first aid and resuscitation,etc.Electroacupuncture is developed based on acupuncture therapy which is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It uses the comprehensive efficacy of acupuncture and electrical stimulation to deliver electrical energy through acupoints to achieve therapeutic effects.It has been widely used in recent years in clinical.This article summarizes the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture and its application in different anesthesia methods,so that clinicians have a deeper understanding of the clinical application of electroacupuncture and promote its clinical application.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979193)the Major Consulting Project of Academy-Local Cooperation of Chinese Academy of Engineering(Grant No.2021DFZD2).
文摘Flow-induced vibration(FIV)of a group of long,flexible cylinders involves a complex interaction between fluid and structures.Although a substantial number of studies have been devoted to assessing FIV response behaviours,fatigue damage features of staggered flexible cylinders are not fully understood.Moreover,the wake-induced flutter constitutes an intricate hydrodynamic behaviour that frequently occurs when one cylinder is in the vicinity of another one.Unfortunately,existing studies on the fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter are incapable of achieving better results.This paper,therefore,estimates the FIV fatigue damage of two staggered flexible cylinders with an aspect ratio of 350 and a mass ratio of 1.90 based on normal S−N curves according to Det Norske Veritas(DNV)regulations.Twelve staggered cases(cross-flow spacing ratios of 2.0,3.0,4.0,and 6.0 and in-line spacing ratios of 4.0,6.0,and 8.0)are discussed for comparison,and fatigue damage caused by wake-induced flutter is thoroughly considered.Fatigue damage results indicate that the variation of the cross-flow(CF)spacing ratio has a greater influence than that of the in-line(IL)spacing ratio on the CF fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder.Lower IL fatigue damages of the upstream cylinder are observed when reduced velocity V_(r)≥15.03 due to the wake flow patterns with different IL spacing ratios.Moreover,wake interference,especially wake-induced flutter,predominates the fatigue damage characteristics of the downstream cylinder.When V_(r)=8.77−11.27,wake-induced flutter enhances the IL fatigue damage of the downstream cylinder and slightly affects that of the upstream body.Furthermore,wake-induced flutter causes considerable IL fatigue damage disparity between the two staggered cylinders by suppressing the IL fatigue damage of the upstream cylinder when V_(r)≥20.04.
基金This work was supported by the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China （51125032）, the sponsorship of the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2016YFC0204500）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51608203）.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFA0205201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.81925019 and U1705281).
文摘Benefiting from the advantage of taking place in biological environments without interfering with an innate biochemical process,the bioorthogonal reaction that commonly contains the“bond formation”and“bond cleavage”system has been widely used in targeted therapy for a variety of tumors.Herein,several prominent cases based on the bioorthogonal reaction that tailoring the metabolic glycoengineering tactics to modified cells for cancer immunotherapy,and the innovative tactics for reducing the metal ions’toxic and side effects with microneedle patches will be highlighted.Based on these applications,the complexities,potential pitfalls,and opportunities of bioorthogonal chemistry in future cancer therapy will be evaluated.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:32171124,82072209,and 81772117)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No:19XD1402600 and 21YF1428600).
文摘Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis.They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various injuries.Capable to proliferate and differentiate,pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cells contribute to the maintenance of lung structure and function both under homeostasis and following injuries.Discovering candidate pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell types and underlying regenerative mechanisms provide insights into therapeutic strategy development for lung diseases.In this review,we reveal their compositions,roles in lung disease pathogenesis and injury repair,and the underlying mechanisms.We further underline the advanced progress in research approach and potential therapy for lung regeneration.We also demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of pulmonary endogenous stem cell transplantation for lung disease treatment.
