Improved Cohen-Sutherland algorithm for TGS transmission imaging

Tomographic gamma scanner(TGS),an advancedγ-ray nondestructive analysis technique,can locate and analyze nuclides in radioactive nuclear waste,and TGS can be categorized into two processes:e.g.,transmission measurement and emission measurement.Specifically,transmission measurements provide the basis for accurate measurement of nonuniform radionuclide content in TGS scanning.The scan data were obtained using the Monte Carlo tool Geant4 simulation,and 25 voxels were divided into five lengths and five widths in a square barrel.In this study,an encoding cropping algorithm based on draped foot vector judgment was adopted to rapidly calculate the voxel trace matrix within a square bucket of nuclear waste,and the transmission images were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximization.The results indicated that the cropping speed of the improved coding algorithm was significantly higher than that of the original algorithm,and the relative mean deviation and root-mean-square error between the reconstructed attenuation coefficient and the reference standard value tended to decrease with an increase in the cropped line segments in the voxel;the Pearson correlation coefficient tended to converge to 1.0.The image quality evaluation parameters of the high media-density materials were better than those of the low media-density materials in the above three indexes.The reconstruction effect was relatively poor for more complex filling materials.When there were more than 10 cropped line segments in the voxel,the reconstruction data generally tended to be stable.The graphical trimming algorithm can rapidly calculate the trace matrix of the scanned voxels;it exhibits the advantages of speed and efficiency and can serve as a novel method to solve the trace matrix of TGS nuclear waste transmission scans.

不同秸秆还田方式下黑土玉米田肥料氮素去向

探究不同秸秆还田方式下肥料氮在连续两季作物系统中的去向,为黑土地保护下的氮肥管理提供重要依据。于2020—2021年在吉林梨树开展大田微区试验,设置无秸秆还田(CK)、深翻还田(DTS)、免耕覆盖还田(NTS)3种秸秆还田方式,每种方式下设置2个施氮水平:180 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)和270 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)。结果表明:当季和第二季玉米成熟期植株氮分别有38.0%~46.8%和12.9%~18.6%来源于^(15)N标记氮肥。肥料氮当季平均利用、残留和损失率分别为32.4%~43.9%、32.8%~51.4%和13.2%~32.7%,秸秆覆盖配施适量氮肥(180 kg·hm^(-2))处理下肥料氮当季利用率显著提高29.5%,而秸秆深翻还田则使肥料氮在土壤中的残留率显著增加18.6%。当季施用肥料氮仍有8.5%~14.9%被第二季玉米吸收利用,两季累积利用率达40.9%~58.8%,在高氮(270 kg·hm^(-2))下秸秆深翻还田显著提高肥料氮的第二季利用率及累积利用效率。综上,秸秆覆盖还田配施适量氮肥有利于提高肥料利用效率,而秸秆深翻还田更有利于高施氮量下土壤对肥料氮的保持,增加其被下季作物利用的机会,两者均能显著减少氮的损失。

单原子铈对弱芬顿效应活性位点氧还原稳定性的提升

合成了同时具备弱芬顿效应活性位点(Ru-Nx)和自由基消除位点(Ce-Nx)的高稳定性电催化剂Ru,Ce-NC.电化学性能测试结果表明,在酸性电解质中,Ru,Ce-N-C催化剂表现出良好的氧还原反应(ORR)活性(半波电位为0.78 V)和稳定性(30000次加速老化测试后,半波电位仅下降8 mV),优于Fe-N-C催化剂.对反应机理的研究发现,Ru,Ce-N-C催化过程中电子转移数为3.98,平均H_(2)O_(2)产率低于5%.

Anti-noise performance of the pulse coupled neural network applied in discrimination of neutron and gamma-ray

In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.

Chronic pre-treatment with memantine prevents amyloid-beta protein-mediated long-term potentiation disruption

Previous studies indicate that memantine, a low-affinity N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor antagonist exerted acute protective effects against amyloid-β protein-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, the chronic effects and mechanisms of memantine were investigated further using electrophysiological methods. The results showed that 7-day intraperitoneal application of memantine, at doses of 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, did not alter hippocampal long-term potentiation induction in rats, while 40 mg/kg memantine presented potent long-term potentiation inhibition. Then further in vitro studys were carried out in 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg memantine treated rats. We found that 20 mg/kg memantine attenuated the potent long-term potentiation inhibition caused by exposure to amyloid-β protein in the dentate gyrus in vitro. These findings are the first to demonstrate the antagonizing effect of long-term systematic treatment of memantine against amyloid-β protein triggered long-term potentiation inhibition to improve synaptic plasticity.

氮肥调控对东北黑土春玉米氮利用及氨挥发的影响

2018和2019年在吉林省梨树县开展大田定点试验,共设置6个处理,不施氮对照(N0)、常规施氮(NConv)、优化施氮(氮分次后移,NOPT)、控释氮肥(掺混30%控释尿素,NCtrl)、增施有机肥(在NOPT基础上增施有机肥,FM)和秸秆还田(在NCtrl基础上进行秸秆全量还田,SR),采用通气法田间原位监测不同管理措施下的氨挥发通量,并计算氮肥利用效率及氮平衡,明确氮肥调控对东北黑土春玉米氮利用及氨挥发的影响。结果表明,与NConv相比,各处理NOPT、NCtrl、FM、SR分别提高了14.1%、15.6%、24.2%和27.1%的氮肥利用效率。与N0、NConv、NCtrl、SR处理相比,NOPT、FM处理显著提高了氨挥发累积量,分别达氮肥施用量的3.2%和4.2%。NOPT处理减少了46.2%的氮表观损失和30.1%的氮盈余。在氮肥施用量、施用时期和肥料类型等方面进行调控,可在稳产的同时大幅提高氮肥利用效率。施用控释氮肥可显著减少氨挥发损失。采用“掺混控释氮肥+秸秆还田”的调控措施更有利于增产增效,并减少环境污染风险。

Upconversion luminescence Ca-Mg-Si bioactive glasses synthesized using the containerless processing technique

In this study,a series of Er^3+/Yb^3+co-doped Ca-Mg-Si glasses were prepared via the containerless processing.Phase composition and luminescent properties of the prepared materials were investigated through XRD and spectrometry,and bioactivity,biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated.The XRD patterns indicated that akermanite(AKT)ceramic powders were completely transformed into the glassy phase(AKT-G,EYA)through the containerless processing,which exhibit upconversion luminescence,and the luminescence intensity increased with the increase of the doping amount of Er^3+ and Yb^3+.High amount of Yb^3+doping and existence of Ca^2+in glasses resulted in more intensive red-light emission.The SEM observation,combined with EDS analysis,and cell culture experiments showed that the as-prepared glasses were nontoxic,biocompatible and bioactive.All these results demonstrated that the containerless processing is a facile method for preparing homogeneous luminescent bioactive glasses.Furthermore,this luminescent Ca-Mg-Si glasses may be used as bone implant materials to study the in vivo distribution of degradation products of bone implants,which may be of great significance for the development and clinical application of new bone grafting materials.