中国卫生部发布《2006—2012年全国消除麻疹行动计划》以来，全国采取了一系列消除麻疹策略与措施并取得明显进展，但中国处于消除麻疹的关键时期，面临着新的挑战，麻疹流行病学特征也发生了变化，尤其需要统一和澄清对一些技术问题的...中国卫生部发布《2006—2012年全国消除麻疹行动计划》以来，全国采取了一系列消除麻疹策略与措施并取得明显进展，但中国处于消除麻疹的关键时期，面临着新的挑战，麻疹流行病学特征也发生了变化，尤其需要统一和澄清对一些技术问题的认识。中国疾病预防控制中心（Center for Disease Control and Prevention，CDC）免疫规划中心收集、汇总各级CDC专业人员近年来关注的问题，并会同世界卫生组织驻华代表处，组织国内外专家深人研讨了主要的技术问题，包括消除麻疹与接种疫苗、麻疹病例的传染来源、保护〈8月龄婴儿、爆发疫情的应急免疫活动、医院传播的作用和控制意义、特殊人群及场所等，形成专家解读共识，供相关部门和专业人员在消除麻疹中参考。展开更多
Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divi...Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country.Provision of vaccination services was selectively suspended due to the physical distancing and gathering restrictions required of Level 1 Response.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination services and the effectiveness of selective vaccination service suspension and catch-up vaccinations in China.Methods:Vaccine doses administered,routine vaccination coverage levels,catch-up vaccine doses administered,and coverage levels after the catch-up campaign were determined from individual vaccination records in sampled clinics,standard routine immunization administrative coverage reports,and catch-up vaccination activity reports submitted by PLADs between October 2019 and October 2020.Results:National Immunization Program(NIP)and non-NIP vaccine doses administered in sampled clinics decreased by 80% and 90%,respectively,compared with doses administered before the COVID-19 pandemic.Coverage with the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(BCG)—two vaccinations recommended to continue throughout the epidemic due to their timecritical nature—were maintained at over 85%,while coverage of other NIP vaccines decreased to below 60%by February 2020.Catch-up vaccination coverage of the 29 PLADs,excluding Xinjiang and Xizang(Tibet),began in April 2020 and exceeded 90%;Hubei catch-up coverage was 95% by October 2020.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on China’s vaccination services.During the epidemic and time of local transmission of the coronavirus,HepB1,BCG,rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis,and tetanus antitoxin(TAT)for wound prophylaxis were maintained at high levels.Of the 69 million vaccine doses postponed during the time of local transmission of the coronavirus,94% were administered in the catch-up campaign.China’s pandemic immunization practices may provide evidence for other countries’immunization programs.展开更多
In 2017,the State Council requested the National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),known as the Ministry of Health(MoH)before 2013 and as the National Health Commission(NHC)after 2018,to establish China’s ...In 2017,the State Council requested the National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),known as the Ministry of Health(MoH)before 2013 and as the National Health Commission(NHC)after 2018,to establish China’s National Immunization Advisory Committee(NIAC)(1).The NIAC acts as China’s National Immunization Technical Advisory Group(NITAG)—a deliberative body of national experts who advise national authorities and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on immunization policy and program(2-3).展开更多
What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;how...What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;however,a resurgence occurred during 2013-2015.What is added by this report?In China,measles surveillance,outbreak response,research,and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles.Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018;only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018-June 2019.What are the implications for public health practice?The World Health Organization-recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective,including in large,densely populated countries like China.展开更多
Guangdong CDC published in preprint a critically important study of the effectiveness of China’s inactivated vaccines against the B.1.617.2(Delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)...Guangdong CDC published in preprint a critically important study of the effectiveness of China’s inactivated vaccines against the B.1.617.2(Delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)—a strain of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and is circulating globally(1–2).The Delta variant managed to get through China’s strong international border quarantine protection and spark an outbreak in Guangdong Province in May–June 2021.While the outbreak was being stopped using guidance of the Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(3),the investigators took advantage of provisions in the Protocol that identified close contacts of anyone infected with SARS-CoV-2。展开更多
China’s sustained containment of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has spared over 99%of the mainland of China’s 1.4 billion people from exposure to and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome ...China’s sustained containment of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has spared over 99%of the mainland of China’s 1.4 billion people from exposure to and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and its variants for an astonishing two and a half years.Although the whole-of-government,whole-of-society containment effort has its own socioeconomic costs,the now-called dynamic COVID-zero strategy purchased a rare commodity—tranquil time with relatively little suffering and death from COVID-19 to develop and deploy tools for escaping the pandemic:diagnostics,vaccines,antivirals,and knowledge(1).展开更多
In late December 2019,clinicians in Hubei Province noticed and reported to health authorities a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)that turned out to be the start of the coronavirus disease 2019(COV...In late December 2019,clinicians in Hubei Province noticed and reported to health authorities a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)that turned out to be the start of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic(1).By January 29,2020,all provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country had launched their highest public health emergency responses(Level 1 responses)(2-3).展开更多
China CDC’s National Immunization Program’s Senior Research Scholars Program(NIP-SRSP)is a program created to foster the professional development of early-to-mid-career immunization experts,strengthen knowledge exch...China CDC’s National Immunization Program’s Senior Research Scholars Program(NIP-SRSP)is a program created to foster the professional development of early-to-mid-career immunization experts,strengthen knowledge exchange and cooperation between national and provincial/prefectural-level CDCs,and deepen scientific and programmatic capacity of the National Immunization Program and provincial/prefectural immunization programs.Initiated in September 2019.展开更多
What did George Gao mean by the title quote?The statement certainly feels like a warning,but it is a warning that comes with a prescription that carries optimism and hope.The warning that the virus will“take on the w...What did George Gao mean by the title quote?The statement certainly feels like a warning,but it is a warning that comes with a prescription that carries optimism and hope.The warning that the virus will“take on the world”has indeed been the world’s experience during the first year of COVID-19.But the warning is more ominous with the continual emergence of variants of the coronavirus that have differing characteristics-transmission speed,pathogenicity,evasion of immunity to prior infection or immunization(1).展开更多
文摘中国卫生部发布《2006—2012年全国消除麻疹行动计划》以来，全国采取了一系列消除麻疹策略与措施并取得明显进展，但中国处于消除麻疹的关键时期，面临着新的挑战，麻疹流行病学特征也发生了变化，尤其需要统一和澄清对一些技术问题的认识。中国疾病预防控制中心（Center for Disease Control and Prevention，CDC）免疫规划中心收集、汇总各级CDC专业人员近年来关注的问题，并会同世界卫生组织驻华代表处，组织国内外专家深人研讨了主要的技术问题，包括消除麻疹与接种疫苗、麻疹病例的传染来源、保护〈8月龄婴儿、爆发疫情的应急免疫活动、医院传播的作用和控制意义、特殊人群及场所等，形成专家解读共识，供相关部门和专业人员在消除麻疹中参考。
基金funded by grants from the Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Immunization(VDI)of World Health Organization Office in China(No.2020/1017283-0).
文摘Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country.Provision of vaccination services was selectively suspended due to the physical distancing and gathering restrictions required of Level 1 Response.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination services and the effectiveness of selective vaccination service suspension and catch-up vaccinations in China.Methods:Vaccine doses administered,routine vaccination coverage levels,catch-up vaccine doses administered,and coverage levels after the catch-up campaign were determined from individual vaccination records in sampled clinics,standard routine immunization administrative coverage reports,and catch-up vaccination activity reports submitted by PLADs between October 2019 and October 2020.Results:National Immunization Program(NIP)and non-NIP vaccine doses administered in sampled clinics decreased by 80% and 90%,respectively,compared with doses administered before the COVID-19 pandemic.Coverage with the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(BCG)—two vaccinations recommended to continue throughout the epidemic due to their timecritical nature—were maintained at over 85%,while coverage of other NIP vaccines decreased to below 60%by February 2020.Catch-up vaccination coverage of the 29 PLADs,excluding Xinjiang and Xizang(Tibet),began in April 2020 and exceeded 90%;Hubei catch-up coverage was 95% by October 2020.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on China’s vaccination services.During the epidemic and time of local transmission of the coronavirus,HepB1,BCG,rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis,and tetanus antitoxin(TAT)for wound prophylaxis were maintained at high levels.Of the 69 million vaccine doses postponed during the time of local transmission of the coronavirus,94% were administered in the catch-up campaign.China’s pandemic immunization practices may provide evidence for other countries’immunization programs.
文摘In 2017,the State Council requested the National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),known as the Ministry of Health(MoH)before 2013 and as the National Health Commission(NHC)after 2018,to establish China’s National Immunization Advisory Committee(NIAC)(1).The NIAC acts as China’s National Immunization Technical Advisory Group(NITAG)—a deliberative body of national experts who advise national authorities and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on immunization policy and program(2-3).
文摘What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;however,a resurgence occurred during 2013-2015.What is added by this report?In China,measles surveillance,outbreak response,research,and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles.Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018;only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018-June 2019.What are the implications for public health practice?The World Health Organization-recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective,including in large,densely populated countries like China.
基金Supported by COVID-19 Vaccines Scientific Research Project of the China National Key R&D Program“Post-marketing Research on Immunity Persistence and Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine”(Grant Number:2021YFC0863900).
文摘Guangdong CDC published in preprint a critically important study of the effectiveness of China’s inactivated vaccines against the B.1.617.2(Delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)—a strain of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and is circulating globally(1–2).The Delta variant managed to get through China’s strong international border quarantine protection and spark an outbreak in Guangdong Province in May–June 2021.While the outbreak was being stopped using guidance of the Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(3),the investigators took advantage of provisions in the Protocol that identified close contacts of anyone infected with SARS-CoV-2。
文摘China’s sustained containment of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has spared over 99%of the mainland of China’s 1.4 billion people from exposure to and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and its variants for an astonishing two and a half years.Although the whole-of-government,whole-of-society containment effort has its own socioeconomic costs,the now-called dynamic COVID-zero strategy purchased a rare commodity—tranquil time with relatively little suffering and death from COVID-19 to develop and deploy tools for escaping the pandemic:diagnostics,vaccines,antivirals,and knowledge(1).
文摘In late December 2019,clinicians in Hubei Province noticed and reported to health authorities a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)that turned out to be the start of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic(1).By January 29,2020,all provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country had launched their highest public health emergency responses(Level 1 responses)(2-3).
文摘China CDC’s National Immunization Program’s Senior Research Scholars Program(NIP-SRSP)is a program created to foster the professional development of early-to-mid-career immunization experts,strengthen knowledge exchange and cooperation between national and provincial/prefectural-level CDCs,and deepen scientific and programmatic capacity of the National Immunization Program and provincial/prefectural immunization programs.Initiated in September 2019.
文摘What did George Gao mean by the title quote?The statement certainly feels like a warning,but it is a warning that comes with a prescription that carries optimism and hope.The warning that the virus will“take on the world”has indeed been the world’s experience during the first year of COVID-19.But the warning is more ominous with the continual emergence of variants of the coronavirus that have differing characteristics-transmission speed,pathogenicity,evasion of immunity to prior infection or immunization(1).
