Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of wood-flour/polypropylene composites in the presence of b-nucleating agent

The influence of aryl amide compounds（TMB）as b-nucleating agents, on the non-isothermal crystallization of a wood-flour/polypropylene composite（WF/PP）prepared by compression molding was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. TMB was proved to be an effective b-crystalline nucleating agent for WF/PP. The DSC data showed that the crystallization peak temperature（Tp） increased and the half-time（t1/2） decreased with the addition of TMB.Three theoretical models were used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization process. The modified Avrami method and Mo method successfully explained the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of PP and its composites. Their activation energies for non-isothermal crystallization were determined basing on the Kissinger method.

Clinical efficacy of oral enteral nutrition in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy： a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Background and Objectives： the effects of oral enteral nutrition （EN） in lung cancer patients receivingchemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were controversial, so we made a systematic review to analyze the clinicalefficacy of EN in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods and Study Design：Pertinent studies were identified by searching in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ChinaNational Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, WanFang Database, China Biomedical Literature database （CBM） andChinese Science and Technology Periodical Database （VIP）. Energy intake, protein intake, weight and other datawere extracted. Results： Finally, 5 randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were included in this systematic review.Patients in 3 studies received chemotherapy, in 1 with radiotherapy and in 1 with chemo-radiotherapy. Thecombined results showed that EN significantly increased energy and protein intake in lung cancer duringchemotherapy, while there was no significant effect on other results after patients had received chemotherapyand/or radiotherapy. Conclusions： Limited evidence is available to judge whether EN can improve clinical effect oflung cancer with or without chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, as clinical heterogeneity and other potentialvariation existed in this review. Further studies are needed.

基于铁电-顺电相变增强全固态锂电池高温安全性的新设计

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)utilizing a nonflowing and low-flammable solid-state electrolyte are considered the most promising candidate to tackle the safety issue of stateof-the-art lithium ion batteries[1].However,recent studies have revealed that ASSLBs may not be as safe as anticipated.At high temperatures,various aging and degradation processes evolve inside ASSLBs,such as electrode decay,electrolyte decomposition。

基于破坏接近度的储气库井壁稳定性分析

为了研究储气库注采过程中井壁的稳定性,合理评价井壁危险程度或损伤程度,提出了基于破坏接近度的储气库井壁稳定性分析方法。结合H储气库的地质条件及注采参数,构建了三维模型,采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,计算了H储气库典型井在注采作用下井壁的破坏接近度,并考察注气温度、注气压力、地应力不均匀系数、套管水泥环刚度及围岩参数对井壁稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:①通过对比塑性区及破坏接近度等值云图,表明破坏接近度理论在储气库井壁稳定性分析中是可行且合理的;②破坏接近度不仅可以定性地给出井壁围岩的弹性区、塑性区及破坏区,也能定量地反映井壁未屈服区域的危险程度或屈服区域的损伤程度;③注采周期内采气阶段稳定性略小于注气及关井阶段,地应力不均匀系数和围岩参数对井壁稳定性影响最大,套管水泥环影响次之,注气温度会产生一定影响,在一定压差范围内注采压差对井壁稳定性影响较小。④在保持经济性下提高注气温度对于保护井壁围岩稳定是有益的,地应力不均匀系数的提升、套管水泥环刚度的降低、地层参数的降低对于保护井壁围岩稳定是不利的。本文提出了在经济性的前提下提高注气温度以保护井壁围岩稳定的建议。同时,指出了地应力不均匀系数的提升、套管水泥环刚度的降低以及地层参数的降低对井壁稳定性的潜在不利影响。这些发现对于储气库的工程设计和安全管理具有重要的指导意义。

Chitosan-based carbon dots with multi-color-emissive tunable fluorescence and visible light catalytic enhancement properties

Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)are receiving increasing attention for their excellent photostability,low toxicity,and tunable fluorescence performance,but it is still challenging to prepare full-spectrum CQDs using only one single set of precursor and solvent.In this study,P and N co-doped carbon dots(N,PR-CQDs)with multi-color-emissive tunable fluorescence from blue to green and orange were synthesized from bio-based chitosan,employing phosphoric acid as solvent and dopant.The introduction of phosphoric acid successfully shortens the manufacturing reaction time,and the heteratomic functional groups of P–O/P=O on surface of carbon dots enrich the surface defect states,promoting n–π*transition,and therefore changing their electron structure/energy level to reduce the band gap,thus facilitating emission at long wavelength.Specifically,increasing phosphoric acid concentration leads to characteristic excitation peaks red shift from 320 to 420 nm with the characteristic emission peaks red shift from 406 to 503 nm.A new emission peak at 610 nm appears,enabling N,PR-CQDs exhibit double emission peaks with fluorescence color from green to yellow to orange.After compositing with carbon nitride(g-C3N4),N,PR-CQDs work as photosensitizer and effectively narrow the energy gap(Eg)of g-C3N4 from 2.75 to 2.40 eV,endowing the photocatalyst higher visible light capture ability and broader light response region.The photocatalytic degradation rate of rhodamine B(RhB)under visible light irradiation reaches up to 98.39%within 60 min using N,P20%-CQDs/g-C3N4 as catalyst,which is 1.4 times that of pure g-C3N4,and it is demonstrated that·O2−is the major active substance contributing for RhB degradation by de-ethyl and aromatic ring breakage.

Astrocytic GABA_B Receptors in Mouse Hippocampus Control Responses to Behavioral Challenges through Astrocytic BDNF

Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a common mood disorder that affects almost 20% of the global population.In addition,much evidence has implicated altered function of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABAergic) system in the pathophysiology of depression.Recent research has indicated that GABA_B receptors(GABA_BRs) are an emerging therapeutic target in the treatment of stress-related disorders such as MDD.However,which cell types with GABA_BRs are involved in this process is unknown.As hippocampal dysfunction is implicated in MDD,we knocked down GABA_BRs in the hippocampus and found that knocking down these receptors in astrocytes,but not in GABAergic or pyramidal neurons,caused a decrease in immobility in the forced swimming test(FST) without affecting other anxiety-and depression-related behaviors.We also generated astrocytespecific GABABR-knockout mice and found decreased immobility in the FST in these mice.Furthermore,the conditional knockout of GABA_BRs in astrocytes selectively increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in hippocampal astrocytes,which controlled the decrease in immobility in the FST.Taken together,our findings contribute to the current understanding of which cell types expressing GABA_BRs modulate antidepressant activity in the FST,and they may provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and potential targets for the treatment of depression.

Highly Oxygenated Dimeric Grayanane Diterpenoids as Analgesics:TRPV1 and TRPA1 Dual Antagonists from Rhododendron molle

Six highly oxygenated dimeric grayanane diterpenoids(1—6)including three new ones,bismollethers A—C(1—3),were isolated from the flowers of Rhododendron molle collected at Qichun,Hubei,China.The structures and relative configurations of 1—6 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and 13C NMR calculation with DP4+analysis.The absolute configurations of bismollethers A—C(1—3)and birhodomollein B(5)were indubitably assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,revealing the head-to-tail linking manner of diterpenoid monomers.Bismollether A(1)is a caged dimeric grayanane diterpenoid linked through two oxygen-bridges of C-2−O−C-14′and C-14−O−C-2′,featuring a unique 1,8-dioxacyclotetradecane motif.The plausible biosynthesis pathways of 1—6 are proposed.All the isolates displayed significant analgesic activities and their structure-activity relationships were discussed.Grayanane diterpenoid dimers were found to be TRPV1 and TRPA1 dual antagonists,and docking studies provide a structural basis to design potent analgesics.

A polymer electrolyte with a thermally induced interfacial ion-blocking function enables safety-enhanced lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have recently been revitalized as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems,owing to the ultrahigh specific capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and ultralow potential(-3.04 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode)of lithium metal anodes.However,safety hazards originating from lithium dendrite growth and pulverization during cycling and thermal stimulation present significant challenges to the practical application of LMBs.To address this issue,we have developed an in situ polymer electrolyte with thermally induced interfacial ion-blocking ability.We demonstrate that the repolymerization and deposition of residual vinylene carbonate in the as-prepared electrolyte under thermal abuse predominantly results in thermally induced ion blocking at the solid electrolyte interface,thus achieving superior LMB safety.The developed polymer electrolyte also yields superior cyclability in LMBs.This design philosophy provides a good paradigm for improving the safety of LMBs.

An in-situ generated composite solid-state electrolyte towards high-voltage lithium metal batteries

The solid-state electrolyte(SSE) has promising applications in next-generation lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs) because of its significantly enhanced safety and more compatible interface characteristics than flammable traditional liquid electrolytes.However,only a few attempts have achieved high-performance high-voltage LMBs,which is attributed to the fact that both high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with electrodes can hardly be achieved simultaneously.Herein,a composite solid-state electrolyte(CSE) based on star-shaped siloxane-based polymer electrolyte coupled with Li_(6.75)La_(3)Zr_(1.75)Ta_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZTO)ceramic fillers is designed and prepared through a facile in-situ polymerization method.The obtained CSE exhibits high ionic conductivity(i.e.,1.68 × 10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at a temperature of 60 ℃),superior anodic stability,and high Li-ion transference number(i.e.,0.53) because of the multifunctional synergistic effect of the polymer electrolyte with LLZTO ceramic fillers.Moreover,the as-developed CSE shows excellent compatibility with Li anodes.As a result,the as-developed CSE enables the development of long-life 4.4-V-class solid-state LMBs with a Li CoO_(2) cathode,with 79.7% capacity retention and 99.74% average Coulombic efficiency after 500 cycles at a 0.5 C rate.Postmortem analysis of cycled batteries confirms that such superior battery performance can be mainly ascribed to the formation of a compatible electrode/electrolyte interface.Furthermore,excellent safety features can be observed in LiCoO_(2)/Li pouch batteries.This work provides an important guide for the rational design of SSEs for high-voltage LMBs.

The ATP Level in the mPFC Mediates the Antidepressant Effect of Calorie Restriction

Food deprivation can rescue obesity and overweight-induced mood disorders,and promote mood performance in normal subjects.Animal studies and clinical research have revealed the antidepressant-like effect of calorie restriction,but little is known about the mechanism of calorie restriction-induced mood modification.Previous studies have found that astrocytes modulate depressive-like behaviors.Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2(IP3R2)is the predominant isoform in mediating astrocyte Ca2+signals and its genetic knockout mice are widely used to study astrocyte function in vivo.In this study,we showed that deletion of IP3R2 blocked the antidepressant-like effect induced by calorie restriction.In vivo microdialysis experiments demonstrated that calorie restriction induced an increase in ATP level in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)in naïve mice but this effect disappeared in IP3R2-knockout mice,suggesting a role of astrocytic ATP in the calorie restriction-induced antidepressant effect.Further experiments showed that systemic administration and local infusion of ATP into the mPFC induced an antidepressant effect,whereas decreasing ATP by Apyrase in the mPFC blocked calorie restriction-induced antidepressant regulation.Together,these findings support a role for astrocytic ATP in the antidepressant–like effect caused by calorie restriction.