Standard-definition White-light,High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas:A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population.Methods This was a multicenter,single-blind,randomized,controlled trial with a non-inferiority design.Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination,screening,and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020.The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate(ADR),defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected.The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled,data from 596 patients were analyzed.The ADRs were 34.5%in the SD-WL group,33.5%in the HD-WL group,and 37.5%in the HD-NBI group(P=0.72).The advanced neoplasm detection rates(ANDRs)in the three arms were 17.1%,15.5%,and 10.4%(P=0.17).No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR(ADR:34.5%vs.35.6%,P=0.79;ANDR:17.1%vs.13.0%,P=0.16,respectively).Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group(ADR:33.5%vs.37.7%,P=0.45;ANDR:15.5%vs.10.4%,P=0.18,respectively).In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL(HD-WL:OR 0.91,P=0.69;HD-NBI:OR 1.15,P=0.80).Conclusion HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients.It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL,but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future.Our study’s conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources,especially advanced imaging technologies.

我国昆虫学领域研究竞争态势分析——基于2009—2016年国家自然科学基金的视角

基于2009-2016年昆虫学受国家自然科学基金资助的情况,构建昆虫学竞争力指数(ENCI)和综合竞争力指数(EBRCCI)两个计量公式,基于R语言分析和数据可视化中国内地各省市及依托单位间的昆虫学基础研究竞争力,并用CiteSpace知识图谱分析各研究单位文献产出.结果表明,昆虫学受自然科学基金资助整体良好,但各子学科资助不均衡,其中昆虫系统及分类学和昆虫生理生化优势明显;而从省市视角上来看各省市的基础研究竞争力不平衡;依托单位层面,"核心"和"重点"单位受资助力度更大;各依托单位受资助力度与文献产出存在正相关.通过量化探究中国内地各省市及依托单位间的昆虫学基础研究竞争力水平,该研究明晰了昆虫学的整体研究态势、分支学科情况、省市与依托单位差异,并可为昆虫学热点研究与政策扶持提供参考意义.

Studies on the Correlation between Germination and cAMP Content of Different Color Chlamydospores in Ustiloginoidea virens

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. To reveal the relationship between germination and the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) content from the dormant(black or green-black) and non-dormant(yellow)chlamydospore in Ustiloginoidea virens,this study adopts ultrasonic-bath method and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method, for extraction c AMP content of the different color chlamydospore. The results demonstrated that, as for the freshly chlamydospores collected from the false smut balls during their germination, c AMP content of yellow chlamydospore appeared a slight growth during 0-12 h, and showed a rapid declining as the germination time extended(12-48 h). Above all, in yellow chlamydospores, the germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a very notably negative correlation(|r|=0.861 9>r0.01=0.834), but the correlation between germination rate and content of c AMP was not obvious in black chlamydospores. The germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a notably positive correlation under different storage period(0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 months) of the two color chlamydospores(the yellow of chlamydospore: |r | = 0.785 1 > r0.05= 0.707; the black of chlamydospore: |r| = 0.957 9 > r0.05= 0.707).

A converged ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the degradation of TOC and TOM tail-anchored receptors

In plants,thousands of nucleus-encoded proteins translated in the cytosol are sorted to chloroplasts and mitochondria by binding to specific receptors of the TOC(translocon on the outer chloroplast membrane)and the TOM(translocon on the outer mitochondrial membrane)complexes for import into those organelles.The degradation pathways for these receptors are unclear.Here,we discovered a converged ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the degradation of Arabidopsis thaliana TOC and TOM tail-anchored receptors.The receptors are ubiquitinated by E3 ligase(s)and pulled from the outer membranes by the AAA+adenosine triphosphatase CDC48,after which a previously uncharacterized cytosolic protein,transmembrane domain(TMD)-binding protein for tail-anchored outer membrane proteins(TTOP),binds to the exposed TMDs at the C termini of the receptors and CDC48,and delivers these complexes to the 26S proteasome.

Clinical validation of serum immunosignatures in early diagnosis of Crohn's disease

Background:The search for biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis of Crohn's disease(CD)is challenging.This study investigated the efficacy of serological markers for the early diagnosis of CD.Methods:This was a retrospective nested cohort study.Indirect immuno-fluorescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect ASCA IgG,ASCA IgA,AYMA IgG,AYCA IgG,FI2Y IgG,p‐ANCA IgG,GAB IgG and PAB IgG in patient serum samples.Results:The positive rates of ASCA IgG,ASCA IgA,AYMA IgG,AYCA IgG,FI2Y IgG,p‐ANCA IgG,GAB IgG and PAB IgG in patients with early CD,advanced CD and other intestinal diseases were 37.0%versus 56.8%versus 27.8%;3.7%versus 20.5%versus 19.4%;14.8%versus 2.3%versus 2.8%;25.9%versus 9.1%versus 8.3%;18.5%versus 15.9%versus 8.3%;0.0%versus 2.8%,18.5%;13.6%versus 18.2%versus 16.7%;and 7.4%versus 20.5%versus 0.0%,respectively.The positive rates of ASCA IgG,AYCA IgG and PAB IgG were significantly different among the three groups(p<0.05).In 85.2%of early CD patients,at least one antibody was detected 1 year before diagnosis.The sensitivity of the ASCA/AYMA/AYCA/FI2Y/GAB combination for early diagnosis was 85.2%.The sensitivity of the ASCA/AYMA/AYCA/FI2Y/GAB/PAB/PANCA combination for differentiating CD from other diseases was 87.3%.Conclusions:ASCA IgG and AYCA IgG have potential value in identifying the course of CD.AYCA IgG may be a potential marker for the early diagnosis of CD,and ASCA IgG indicates an advanced stage.The combination of ASCA,AYMA,AYCA,FI2Y,and GAB improves early diagnostic accuracy of CD.

亚太结直肠癌筛查评分联合定量法便潜血在结直肠肿瘤筛查的初步应用

评估亚太结直肠癌筛查(APCS)评分系统联合定量法便潜血在结直肠肿瘤筛查的价值。选择2017年8月至2019年5月在解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心拟接受肠镜检查的受试者1420例,男695例,女725例,年龄50~75岁,所有入组病例在行结肠镜检查前行APCS评分和定量便潜血检测(QFIT),比较APCS评分和QFIT各组中结直肠肿瘤检出率,以评价联合检测法在结直肠肿瘤筛查中的效能。本研究共纳入分析1420例研究对象,其中APCS评分中危组847例(59.7%),高危组573例(40.4%),共检出结直肠癌26例(1.8%),进展期腺瘤196例(13.8%),非进展期腺瘤395例(27.8%);APCS评分与QFIT联合检测可分为4组[高危组(HR)QFIT阳性G1、高危组QFIT阴性G2、中危组(MR)QFIT阳性G3、中危组QFIT阴性G4],对结直肠肿瘤的检出率分别为64.3%、16.4%、55.0%和9.8%,APCS评分高危组QFIT阳性组进展期肿瘤检出率明显高于其他3组;HR和QFIT阳性是进一步结肠镜检查的指标,MR且QFIT阴性组可暂缓肠镜,继续年度QFIT随访。总之,APCS评分联合QFIT用于结直肠肿瘤筛查,可减少不必要的肠镜检查,提高肠镜依从性和筛查效能,在结直肠肿瘤初筛中有重要的临床意义和推广价值。

A review of updated S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

Photocatalysis is a green and environmentally-friendly process that utilizes the ubiquitous intermittent sunlight.To date,an emerging S-scheme heterojunction across the intimately coupled heterojunction materials is proposed to surpass the efficiency of conventional Ⅱ-type and Z-type photocatalysis.Further-more,S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with greatly improved photocatalytic performance have gained significant attention due to their fast charge carriers separation along with strong redox ability and stability,since its proposal in 2019.Herein,a timely and comprehensive review is highly desired to cover the state-of-the-art advances.Driven by this idea,the review conveys the recent progress and provides new insights into further developments.Unlike the conventional method,in this review,we im-plement a quantification model to outline current trends in S-scheme heterojunctions research as well as their correlations.The overview begins with the fundamentals of four basic photocatalytic mechanisms,followed by its design principles.Afterward,diverse characterization techniques used in the S-scheme heterojunctions are systematically summarized along with the modification strategies to boost photocat-alytic performances.Additionally,the internal reaction mechanism and emerging applications have been reviewed,including water conversion,CO_(2) remediation,wastewater treatment,H_(2)0_(2) production,N_(2) fix-ation,etc.To sum up the review,we present several current challenges and future prospects of the S-scheme heterojunctions photocatalysts,aiming to provide indispensable platforms for the future smart design of photocatalysts.