The UDP-glycosyltransferase OsUGT706D2 positively regulates cold and submergence stress tolerance in rice

In a genome-wide association study,we identified a rice UDP-glycosyltransferase gene,OsUGT706D2,whose transcription was activated in response to cold and submergence stress and to exogenous abscisic acid(ABA).OsUGT706D2 positively regulated the biosynthesis of tricin-4’-O-(syringyl alcohol)ether-7-O-glucoside at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels.OsUGT706D2 mediated cold and submergence tolerance by modulating the expression of stress-responsive genes as well as the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.Gain of function of OsUGT706D2 increased cold and submergence tolerance and loss of function of OsUGT706D2 reduced cold tolerance.ABA positively regulated OsUGT706D2-mediated cold tolerance but reduced submergence tolerance.These findings suggest the potential use of OsUGT706D2 for improving abiotic stress tolerance in rice.

Inverse of Rensch’s Rule of Allometry for Sexual Size Dimorphism in Bufo andrewsi

Difference in body size between males and females(sexual size dimorphism:SSD)and its variation are a common phenomenon in animal kingdom.Rensch’s rule predicts that the degree of SSD variation increases with the enlarged mean body size when males are larger than females and decreases when females are larger than males.Here,whether the patterns of variations in SSD in the Andrew’s toad(Bufo andrewsi)follow Rensch’s rule was tested using unpublished data from 14 populations and published data from 17 populations.Results show the reduced major axis regression of log10(male size)on log10(female size)across all populations displayed a significant hyperallometric relationship,which was consistent with inverse Rensch’s rule(the degree of SSD increased with enlarged mean body size).SSD could also be explained by sexual age difference(SAD)due to a positive SSD–SAD relationship among all populations.The findings suggest that the occurrence of inverse Rensch’s rule in B.andrewsi is likely to be a result of fecundity selection on increased reproductive investments in larger females.

GC-MS, GC-O and OAV analyses of key aroma compounds in Jiaozi Steamed Bread

Jiaozi Steamed Bread(JSB)has a unique aroma as a traditional staple food in China.The volatile compounds in JSBwere extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE)and headspace solid-phasemicroextraction(HS-SPME).These volatile substances were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatographyolfactometry-mass spectrometry(GC-O-MS).The results demonstrated that 61 volatile compounds were identified totally in samples,of which 15 were confirmed as potent aroma compounds with odor active values(OAVs)>1.The 15 potent aroma compounds were ethanol,1-butanol,1-pentanol,1-hexanol,heptanol,1-octen-3-ol,3-methyl-1-butanol,hexanal,heptanal,nonanal,(E)-2-heptenal,benzaldehyde,(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,2-pentylfuran and naphthalene.The SDEmethod had better linearity with coefficients of determination(R2)equal to or higher than 0.9991.Furthermore,the SDE method also achieved lower sensitivity and better repeatability and recovery than HS-SPME.This work provides reference method and parameters for future research on the flavor of JSB for commercial products.

Altered heartbeat perception sensitivity associated with brain structural alterations in generalised anxiety disorder

Background Palpitation is a common complaint in generalised anxiety disorder(GAD).Brain imaging studies have Investigated the neural mechanism of heartbeat perception in healthy volunteers.This study explored the neuroanatomical differences of altered heartbeat perception in patients with GAD using structural MRI.Aims Based on the strong somatic-interoceptive symptoms in GAD,we explored the regional structural brain abnormalities involved in heartbeat perception in patients with GAD.Methods This study was applied to the a priori regions using neuroanatomical theories of heartbeat perception,including the insula,anterior cingulate cortex,supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex.A total of 19 patients with GAD and 19 healthy control subjects were enrolled.We used the FMRIB Software Library voxel-based morphometry software for estimating the grey matter volume of these regions of interest and analysed the correlation between heartbeat perception sensitivity and the volume of abnormal grey matter.Results Patients with GAD showed a significantly decreased volume of grey matter in their left medial prefrontal cortex,right orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.The grey matter volume of the left medial prefrontal cortex negatively correlated with heartbeat perception sensitivity in patients with GAD.Conclusions It should be the first study that shows heartbeat perception is associated with brain structure in GAD.Our findings suggest that the frontal region may play an important role in aberrant heartbeat perception processing in patients with GAD,and this may be an underlying mechanism resulting in the abnormal cardiovascular complaints in GAD.This is hypothesised as a'top-down'deficiency,especially in the medial prefrontal cortex.This will provide the foundation for a more targeted region for neuromodulation intervention in the future.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China during 2002–2018

Clarifying the relationship between social security and economic development is helpful to realize the sustainable social security system and the stable function of sustainable economic development.In this paper,the entropy method,coupling coordination degree,standard deviation ellipse model,and spatial autocorrelation were used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China from 2002 to 2018.The results indicate that the relationship between social security and economic development in China has been gradually strengthened in the process of mutual adaptation and common development.The benign interaction between the two was unstable,though the coupling coordination degree gradually transitioned to the primary coupling coordination type.Besides,from a spatial perspective,first,the coupling coordination degree of social security and economic development in China contracted in the east-west and north-south directions,and the coupling coordination clustered in the central region in this period;second,the coupling coordination degree generally presented a positive spatial autocorrelation,and regions with similar coupling coordination degrees were in a state of agglomeration;finally,the hot spots clumped together to form a continuous area in the eastern coastal area while the cold spots expanded toward the northwest and northeast.Furthermore,the random distribution areas exhibited a trend of contraction.

Effect of Vector Density and Competence on Macromolecular Vector Transformation Efficiency

To research the effects of vector quantity and competence on the positive cloning rate,with a known gene sequence but in the absence of DNA template,we artificially designed 26 primers to synthesize a target gene of 835 bp in vitro using overlapping PCR technique. The whole experiment design with two factors and six levels( 36 combinations) was applied to study the effects of the vector density and competent cells on the macromolecular vector transformation efficiency. Based on the 1 500 ng target gene,the vector density grades were designed( 50,100,150,200,250,300 ng),and then the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Top10F',DH5,Stbl3,Epi400,JM108,SCSI. Results showed that the positive cloning rates of different vector amount from big to small were in the order of 200,250,300,150,100 and 50 ng.The maximum positive cloning rate of 200 ng reached 75%; and the average value was 28. 5%. The positive cloning rates of different competent cells from big to small were in the order of stbl3,Top10F',DH5,JM108,Epi400 and SCSI. Stbl3 was higher than other competent cells under any vector density,and its average positive cloning rate was 42. 4%. Both the vector density and competent cells had significant effects on the macromolecular vector transformation efficiency. The optimal combination was C4 with 200 ng vector density and Stbl3,the positive cloning rate of which could reach 75%.

Highly selectiveα-C(sp^(3))-H arylation of alkenyl amides via nickel chain-walking catalysis

Herein,we report the migratory hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with aryl iodides using native and weakly coordinating amide directors under mild conditions.Synergistic coordination of the monodentate directing group and the ligand enable the highly regioselective migratory hydroarylation via a chain walking process to form the thermodynamically stable five-membered nickelacyle intermediate.The protocol provides a variety of valuableα-aryl-substituted alkylamine products,and exhibited good functional group tolerance.The modification of bioactive compounds such as fenofibrate and indomethacin further highlights the synthetic value of this protocol.

Experimental evaluation of factors affecting performance of concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system integrated with phase‐change materials(PV/T‐CPCM)

The photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system is a promising option for countering energy shortages.To improve the performance of PV/T systems,compound parabolic concentrators(CPCs)and phase-change materials(PCMs)were jointly applied to construct a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system integrated with phase-change materials(PV/T-CPCM).An open-air environment is used to analyze the effects of different parameters and the intermittent operation strategy on the system performance.The results indicate that the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage are positively correlated with the solar irradiance,but the open-circuit voltage is negatively correlated with the temperature of the PV modules.When the solar irradiance is 500 W⋅m^(−2) and the temperature of the PV modules is 27.5℃,the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage are 1.0 A and 44.5 V,respectively.Higher solar irradiance results in higher thermal power,whereas the thermal efficiency is under lower solar irradiance(136.2-167.1 W⋅m^(−2) is twice under higher solar irradiance(272.3-455.7 W⋅m^(−2))).In addition,a higher mass flow rate corresponds to a better cooling effect and greater pump energy consumption.When the mass flow rate increases from 0.01 to 0.02 kg⋅s^(-1),the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet decreases by 1.8℃,and the primary energy-saving efficiency decreases by 0.53%.The intermittent operation of a water pump can reduce the energy consumption of the system,and the combination of liquid cooling with PCMs provides better thermal regulation and energy-saving effects under various conditions.

Catalytic Arylalkylation of Alkenyl Amines at Remote Sites via Directed Nickel Catalysis

Directing group-assisted, transition metal-catalyzed three-component difunctionalization of alkenes has emerged as a powerful tool to drive molecular complexity. However, this strategy generally works with the substrates bearing directing groups in close proximity to the alkene moieties, due to the preference for formation of kinetically stable five-membered metallacycles. Herein, we have disclosed a complementary strategy to accomplish a nickel-catalyzed remote arylalkylation of alkenyl amines with excellent regioselectivity and diastereofidelity, involving rare six- or seven-membered metallacycles. This general protocol is compatible with a series of δ- and ε-alkenyl amines, providing corresponding valuable δ,ε- and ε,ζ-difunctionalized aliphatic amines that would be difficult to synthesize. The coordination of the bidentate picolinamide auxiliary and the facile oxidative addition of alkyl halides to Ni(I) species are the key to the success of the developed remote olefin dicarbofunctionalization.

Low-carbon building heating system coupled with semiconductor radiation heating and distributed PV:A simulation analysis in two Chinese climate zones

Building is an important scenario for achieving global carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,accounting for approximately 37%of global energy-related CO_(2) emissions in 2020.In the meanwhile,the construction and operation of buildings was responsible for 36%of global energy consumption,of which 30%energy was used for space heating.Therefore,this paper proposes a low-carbon building heating system that is coupled to a new semiconductor radiation heating unit and distributed rooftop photovoltaic to reduce carbon emissions.To reveal its building heating characteristics,a dynamic model of heat transfer based on semiconductor low-temperature radiant heating is first established by analyzing the heat conduction,convection,and radiation models,and the uncertainty from both the distributed rooftop photovoltaic and building heating demand is considered in the building heating operation strategy.Then,a simulation model of a low-carbon building heating system is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK for two different climate zones in China(Beijing and Wuhan).When building and using the low-carbon building heating system stable for 30 years,the payback period is 5.2–8.2 years in Beijing and 6.4–11.6 years in Wuhan.Compared with the traditional grid-powered heating system,the simulation revealed that the carbon emissions of Beijing and Wuhan during the heating season are reduced by 44.9%and 44.3%,respectively,and the corresponding building heating cost is saved by 62.1%and 57.8%.

A bibliometric analysis of Stirling engine and in-depth review of its application for energy supply systems

With the great advantages and continuous innovations,prolific research efforts have been devoted to the Stirling engine(SE)domain driven by the sustainability development.In this study,a bibliometric analysis is conducted to explore the research tend and hotspots of SE.The country co-authorship,institute co-authorship and keyword networks are engendered from the visual map using VOSviewer,showing China ranks the first with the total number of published articles and the majority publications are presented by Chinese Academy of Sciences.Owing to the highest node centrality,the research findings in USA can be considered the most influential and greatly worthy being referred,particularly represented by the early contribution for thermo-acoustic SE.The total 7 keyword clusters are classified through the top terms in Citespace and 4 of them are related to its energy supply system,demonstrating the typical application of SE-based combined heat and power(CHP)and integrated multi-energy complementary system have gained much attention.Based on this,a detailed review of SE-based energy supply systems is further conducted through the system forms,4E performance evaluation and soft model combing optimization solutions.Several relevant issues hindering the improvement of these terms are summa-rized,providing the potential guides to help develop the SE-based energy supply system.

Thermal environment investigation of asymmetric radiation coupled with convection heating

The couple of radiation with convection heating owned advantages of less energy utilization,healthier and more comfortable indoor environment.However,local thermal discomfort was often induced by large vertical temperature difference and radiation asymmetry temperature.This work studied indoor thermal environment characteristics under different coupling ways of radiation and convection heating terminals through experiments and CFD simulation.The studied five scenarios were denoted as:(Ⅰ)lateral air supply+adjacent side wall radiation,(Ⅱ)lateral air supply+opposite side wall radiation,(Ⅲ)lateral air supply+floor radiation,(Ⅳ)lateral air supply+adjacent side wall radiation+floor radiation,and(Ⅴ)lateral air supply+opposite side wall radiation+floor radiation.The overall thermal comfort indices(including air diffusion performance index(ADPI),predicted mean vote(PMV),and predicted percent of dissatisfaction(PPD))and local thermal comfort indices under different scenarios were investigated.For Scenarios Ⅰ-Ⅲ,the local dissatisfaction rates caused by vertical air temperature difference were 0.4%,0.1%,and 0.2%,respectively,which belonged to"A”class according to the ISO-7730 Standard.While the vertical asymmetric radiation temperature of Scenario Ⅰ-Ⅱ was about 6.5℃ lower than that of Scenario Ⅲ-Ⅳ-Ⅴ.The ADPI for Scenarios Ⅲ-Ⅴ were about respectively 5.7%,16.7%,and 21.0%higher than that of Scenarios Ⅰ-Ⅱ,indicating that a large radiation area and radiation angle coefficient could reduce the discomfort caused by radiant temperature asymmetry.The coupling mode improved local discomfort by decreasing vertical temperature difference and radiation asymmetry temperature wherefore improving the PMV from-1.6 to-1.The lateral air supply coupled with asymmetric radiation heating could potentially improve the thermal comfort of occupied area,while the comprehensive effect of thermal environmental improvement,energy-saving,and cost-effectiveness needes to be further investigated.

TOTAL REWARD CRITERIA FOR UNCONSTRAINED/CONSTRAINED CONTINUOUS-TIME MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES

这份报纸与期望的全部的报酬标准学习可数的连续时间的 Markov 决定过程。作者首先与可能的无界的转变率学习非强迫的模型，并且在作者在下面显示出全部的报酬 optimality 方程并且也的一个答案的存在的控制系统原语数据上给合适的条件一条最佳的静止政策的存在。然后，作者在期望的全部的费用上强加限制，并且考虑联系抑制模型。关于非强迫的模型并且用 Lagrange multipliers 途径基于结果，作者在一些另外的条件下面证明抑制最佳的政策的存在。最后，作者把结果用于控制排队系统。

Integrated facial analysis and targeted sequencing identifies a novel KDM6A pathogenic variant resulting in Kabuki syndrome

Kabuki syndrome(KS)is a rare congenital mental retardation condition characterized by facial dysmorphia,visceral and skeletal malformations,and developmental delay.The integrated phenotype and genotype-based prioritization is critical for diagnoses of genetic diseases.In this study,a Chinese woman,presenting with characteristic facial features of KS,came for pre-pregnancy consultation.We aimed to clarify the diagnosis and provide pre-pregnancy genetic counseling.Facial dysmorphology analysis and next-generation sequencing-based multigene panel approach were used to identify candidate syndromes and causative variants,respectively.The candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing.We identified a novel de novo KDM6A pathogenic variant(c.3521G>A)in the woman,which was in line with the Face2Gene analysis result.Peripheral blood RNA assay showed that the variant transcript underwent the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and led to subsequent haploinsufficiency of KDM6A.Our study provides the genetic diagnosis method for KS type 2 and identifies the first KDM6A point variant in Chinese patient.