A review on rules for examination of licensing criteria for producing foods for special medical purpose in China

In this paper,the background,principles,and main contents of the rules for the examination of production licenses of foods for special medical purposes are introduced.The contents including general rules,production sites,equipment facilities,equipment layout,technological process,personnel management,management system and supplementary rules are interpreted item by item.This study has important value and historical significance for promoting the development of Chinese enterprises and industries of foods for special medical purposes.

Effects of Melatonin on Growth,Physiology and Gene Expression in Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

Melatonin(MLT)is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance.In this study,the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage.The growth,physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium(Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin(MLT)treatment were assessed.The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and removal,resulting in ROS accumulation,membrane lipid peroxidation,and impaired growth and development.Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings,increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed.MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress.Catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression also decreased following MLT treatment.Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed,five genes were downregulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment.Taken together,these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical,physiological,and molecular levels,and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress.

Phenotype,Physiology,and Gene Expression of Barley Seedlings in Response to Nano Zinc Oxide Stress

In recent years,zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)have been widely used as zinc fertilizers and pesticides.The use of ZnO NPs in this way can provide benefits to humans,but also has potential risks.ZnO NPs inevitably enter the environment during their production and use,which affects the ecological environment and crop growth.In order to investigate the phenotype,physiology,and gene expression of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)seedlings under ZnO NPs stress,the barely cultivars ZJU3(P21),Golden Promise(GP)and L23 were chosen for study.Different ZnO NPs concentrations were applied to compare the physiological and biochemical indexes of the barley seedlings and the responses of six stress-related genes,when seedlings were cultured to the two-leaf stage through hydroponics.The results showed that the density of brown spots on the leaf surface increased with increasing ZnO NPs concentration.ZnO NPs stress inhibited the root growth of barley seedlings,and P21 was the most sensitive.Furthermore,ZnO NPs stress could stimulate plants to produce a large number of reactive oxygen species(ROS),resulting in an imbalance between the production and removal of ROS and membrane lipid peroxidation in plants.This imbalance inhibited the growth and development of the barley seedlings.With increasing ZnO NPs concentration,the activity of superoxide dismutase was gradually increased,the activity of catalase was progressively decreased,and the contents of malondialdehyde and proline were increased.Compared with the control,among six stress-related genes,the expression levels of five genes were downregulated and one gene was upregulated in the experimental group.This study preliminarily revealed the toxic effect of ZnO NPs on seedlings and the effect on the expression of stress-related resistance genes in different barley varieties.

Genome-Wide Identification of the F-box Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress in Barley

The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant stress resistance.In present study,126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.,Hv).The corresponding proteins contained 165–887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic,except 5 proteins.Phylogenetic analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana(At)was used to classify barley F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies(A–I).A structure-based sequence alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total of 10 conserved motifs.In total,124 F-box genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes;another 2 genes have not been anchored yet.The gene structure analysis revealed high variability in the number of exons and introns in F-box genes.Comprehensive analysis of expression profiles and phylogenetic tree analysis,a total of 12 F-box genes that may be related to stress tolerance in barley were screened.Of the 12 detected F-box genes,8 and 10 were upregulated after drought and salt stress treatments,respectively,using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).This study is the first systematic analysis conducted on the F-box gene family in barley,which is of great importance for clarifying this family’s bioinformatic characteristics and elucidating its function in barley stress resistance.These results will serve as a theoretical reference for subsequent research on molecular regulation mechanisms,genetic breeding,and improvement.

Rapid detection of cordycepin in food by surface-enhanced Raman technique

In this paper,a method for rapid detection of cordycepin in food was established based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis method.The surface-enhanced Raman substrates were screened and the Raman detection conditions and sample pretreatment methods were optimized.The optimal substrate was gold nanocolloid,and the optimal detection conditions were as follows:the addition amount of gold nanocolloid was 200μL of gold nanocolloid and the sample addition amount was 5μL.Under the optimal conditions,the detection limit of cordycepin was 1 mg/L,and the sample pretreatment was performed by methanol extraction.Based on the established surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)method,cordycepin in two Cordyceps militaris was detected,which confirmed the practical application of this method.

Oblique shock train motion based on schlieren image processing

In this paper,shock train motion in a Mach number 2.7 duct is studied experimentally,and large numbers of schlieren images are obtained by a high-speed camera.An image processing method based on Maximum Correlation Detection(MCD)is proposed to detect shock train motion from the schlieren images,based on which the key structures,e.g.,separation positions and separation shock angles on the top and bottom walls,can be analysed in detail.The oscillations of the shock train are generated by rhombus and ellipse shafts at various excitation frequencies.According to the analysis of MCD results,the distributions of the frequency components of shock train oscillation generated by the two shafts are distinctly different,in which the motion generated by the ellipse shaft is much smoother;shock train motion is mainly characterized by the oscillation of separation position while the separation shock strength is not so sensitive to downstream disturbance;there is a hysteresis loop relation between the downstream pressure and separation position.

非线性递推辨识理论在量刑数据分析中的应用

司法大数据已成为法律实证研究和智慧司法工程建设的重要基础,相应地,数据计算结果的可解释性与可靠性等基础性问题愈加重要.为此,我们对非线性递推辨识理论进行了相应创新,并应用于量刑数据分析.具体来讲,依据相关法律建立了更加符合法逻辑的非线性随机量刑模型(S-模型),应用我们提出的非线性递推辨识算法和建立的关于有限数据样本下辨识精度的数学理论,对近20万故意伤害罪判决数据进行了计算分析.研究发现,与传统线性模型及最小二乘算法相比,基于我们的S-模型和非线性递推辨识算法所给出的计算结果,更符合量刑基本原则和具体规则,可以更准确地反映量刑要素的影响及变化,并具有更好的预测能力.

植物HIPP家族蛋白结构和功能研究进展

重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白HIPP是一类含有金属结合结构域(HMA)和C端异戊二烯化基序的金属伴侣蛋白。该文总结了模式植物中HIPP蛋白的结构特征,阐述了植物HIPP蛋白家族参与的重金属稳态和解毒机制,揭示了其在植物生长发育和应对环境变化(生物和非生物胁迫)中的潜在意义,以期为HIPP蛋白家族的后续研究提供启示。