Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been considered a new angiogenesis mediator. ProBDNF, the precursor of BDNF, plays opposite neuronal functions to BDNF, but the role of proBDNF on angiogenesis remains unkn...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been considered a new angiogenesis mediator. ProBDNF, the precursor of BDNF, plays opposite neuronal functions to BDNF, but the role of proBDNF on angiogenesis remains unknown. We found human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing BDNF, proBDNF, p75<sup>NTR</sup>, Sortilin and TrkB. ProBDNF significantly decreased HUVEC viability in MTT assay, and this inhibition was neutralized by anti-proBDNF. Endothelial cell tube formation assay showed that proBDNF significantly inhibits HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro. Matrigel plug assay disclosed that proBDNF also impeded angiogenesis in vivo, while anti-proBDNF greatly facilitated angiogenesis. Immunostaining of CD31 and α-SMA in Matrigel plugs confirmed the inhibitive effect of proBDNF on angiogenesis. In conclusion, proBDNF can act as an angiogenesis inhibitor. It added more evidence to the “Yin-Yang” theory by showing mBDNF is a mediator of angiogenesis as “Yang” and proBDNF works as an angiogenesis inhibitor as “Yin”.展开更多
Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and i...Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients.The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide,a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.In this mini-review,we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration(including intranasal systemic and ste reotasic),their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models.We will also share our own expe riences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.展开更多
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been considered a new angiogenesis mediator. ProBDNF, the precursor of BDNF, plays opposite neuronal functions to BDNF, but the role of proBDNF on angiogenesis remains unknown. We found human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing BDNF, proBDNF, p75<sup>NTR</sup>, Sortilin and TrkB. ProBDNF significantly decreased HUVEC viability in MTT assay, and this inhibition was neutralized by anti-proBDNF. Endothelial cell tube formation assay showed that proBDNF significantly inhibits HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro. Matrigel plug assay disclosed that proBDNF also impeded angiogenesis in vivo, while anti-proBDNF greatly facilitated angiogenesis. Immunostaining of CD31 and α-SMA in Matrigel plugs confirmed the inhibitive effect of proBDNF on angiogenesis. In conclusion, proBDNF can act as an angiogenesis inhibitor. It added more evidence to the “Yin-Yang” theory by showing mBDNF is a mediator of angiogenesis as “Yang” and proBDNF works as an angiogenesis inhibitor as “Yin”.
文摘Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients.The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide,a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.In this mini-review,we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration(including intranasal systemic and ste reotasic),their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models.We will also share our own expe riences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.
