Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants,in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms.These molecules act as...Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants,in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms.These molecules act as microbial-associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses.Previous studies have reported the im-portance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp.for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and de-fenses.In addition,squalene,a sterol biosynthetic inter-mediate,seems to play an important role in these inter-actions.Here,we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)growth and on the transcription level of defense-and growth-related genes.We used an RNA-seq strategy to identify several tomato genesencoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors,both of which are puta-tively involved in the perception and response to ergo-sterol and squalene.Finally,an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid-related genes and positively regulates ethylene-and jasmonate-related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.展开更多
基金We thank Jose Alvarez for his excellent technical assistance.We also thank Prof.Carlos Nicolas from the University of Salamanca(Spain)for providing us with the Arabidopsis thaliana col-o ecotype.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(MINECO-AGL2015-70671-C2-2-R,MICINN-RTI2018-099600-B-I00 to S.G.)also by the Junta de Castilla y Leon(Spain)(LE251P18).L Undo was granted a fellowship by the University of Leon(Spain).
文摘Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants,in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms.These molecules act as microbial-associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses.Previous studies have reported the im-portance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp.for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and de-fenses.In addition,squalene,a sterol biosynthetic inter-mediate,seems to play an important role in these inter-actions.Here,we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)growth and on the transcription level of defense-and growth-related genes.We used an RNA-seq strategy to identify several tomato genesencoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors,both of which are puta-tively involved in the perception and response to ergo-sterol and squalene.Finally,an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid-related genes and positively regulates ethylene-and jasmonate-related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.
