Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problem in Tripoli city, Libya. It is recognized that information on both quantity and composition of generation waste is important for the ef...Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problem in Tripoli city, Libya. It is recognized that information on both quantity and composition of generation waste is important for the effective planning of household waste handling infrastructure. So, this study is aimed to evaluating the generation, composition and density of household solid waste in Tripoli city, Libya. The study is carried out according to the Annex 2.1 of: WHO 1996. It was conducted during one week in summer, autumn and winter 2011/2012. The daily household solid waste generation assessment has been carried out for 150 Libyan families where 947 people in three main parts of Tripoli city have been chosen randomly. A questionnaire was prepared according to Buenrostro et al. 2001 and Raje et al. 2001 using door-to-door surveying. The result showed that the average of total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were 1415 kg, 0.64 kg/person/day, 19.3 m<sup>3 </sup>and 74.4 kg/m<sup>3</sup> respectively in Tripoli city. Household solid waste contains 36.3% organic matter and 32.5% recyclable materials (glass, paper, plastic, metals). The total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were in Tripoli city agreed with those for African and Arabic countries. But the problem is that Tripoli suffers from insufficient municipal solid waste management and lack of sanitary landfills.展开更多
Contamination of soil and water contributes to the reduction of economic income, and also has an impact on economic development and management organizations and services. In order toavoid excessive use of nitrate fert...Contamination of soil and water contributes to the reduction of economic income, and also has an impact on economic development and management organizations and services. In order toavoid excessive use of nitrate fertilizers we maderesearch through systematic laboratory study of applying the basic chemical and physical analyzes of selected soil samples. In this research, we apply the method that was studied movement of nitrate solution in two soil types (sand and loess), since the impact of fertilizers on the environment depends on the soil types and its category. As the result, we got accurate functional dependences of sufficiently step height of soil and the concentration of nitrate ions and those can find a specific application in agriculture for these two types of soil, and may be sufficiently adequate substitution for the field investigations. The aim of the study was to investigate the most important negative environmental and economic consequences of the using of artificial fertilizers and to show that soil tests in the laboratory can be an adequate substitute for a field test because of economic savings. The comparative analysis of experimental and numerical results for nitrates leaching in different soil types were concluded.展开更多
文摘Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problem in Tripoli city, Libya. It is recognized that information on both quantity and composition of generation waste is important for the effective planning of household waste handling infrastructure. So, this study is aimed to evaluating the generation, composition and density of household solid waste in Tripoli city, Libya. The study is carried out according to the Annex 2.1 of: WHO 1996. It was conducted during one week in summer, autumn and winter 2011/2012. The daily household solid waste generation assessment has been carried out for 150 Libyan families where 947 people in three main parts of Tripoli city have been chosen randomly. A questionnaire was prepared according to Buenrostro et al. 2001 and Raje et al. 2001 using door-to-door surveying. The result showed that the average of total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were 1415 kg, 0.64 kg/person/day, 19.3 m<sup>3 </sup>and 74.4 kg/m<sup>3</sup> respectively in Tripoli city. Household solid waste contains 36.3% organic matter and 32.5% recyclable materials (glass, paper, plastic, metals). The total generation quantity, daily generation rate, total volume and density were in Tripoli city agreed with those for African and Arabic countries. But the problem is that Tripoli suffers from insufficient municipal solid waste management and lack of sanitary landfills.
文摘Contamination of soil and water contributes to the reduction of economic income, and also has an impact on economic development and management organizations and services. In order toavoid excessive use of nitrate fertilizers we maderesearch through systematic laboratory study of applying the basic chemical and physical analyzes of selected soil samples. In this research, we apply the method that was studied movement of nitrate solution in two soil types (sand and loess), since the impact of fertilizers on the environment depends on the soil types and its category. As the result, we got accurate functional dependences of sufficiently step height of soil and the concentration of nitrate ions and those can find a specific application in agriculture for these two types of soil, and may be sufficiently adequate substitution for the field investigations. The aim of the study was to investigate the most important negative environmental and economic consequences of the using of artificial fertilizers and to show that soil tests in the laboratory can be an adequate substitute for a field test because of economic savings. The comparative analysis of experimental and numerical results for nitrates leaching in different soil types were concluded.
