Molecular-level proton acceptor boosts oxygen evolution catalysis to enable efficient industrial-scale water splitting

Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.

The role of fibronectin in multiple sclerosis and the effect of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier

Remyelination failure is one of the main characteristics of multiple sclerosis and is potentially correlated with disease progression.Previous research has shown that the extracellular matrix is associated with remyelination failure because remodeling of the matrix often fails in both chronic and progressive multiple sclerosis.Fibronectin aggregates are assembled and persistently exist in chronic multiple sclerosis,thus inhibiting remyelination.Although many advances have been made in the mechanisms and treatment of multiple sclerosis,it remains very difficult for drugs to reach pathological brain tissues;this is due to the complexity of brain structure and function,especially the existence of the blood-brain barrier.Therefore,herein,we review the effects of fibronectin aggregates on multiple sclerosis and the efficacy of different forms of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of this disease.

利用局部受激散射提升布里渊光时域反射系统性能

分布式光纤传感技术在工程领域中逐渐得到大规模应用,为了简化传感解调模式以提高光纤监测方案的工程便捷性和可行性,在降低光纤监测成本的同时提高监测的精度和准确性,提出了一种基于局部受激散射的布里渊光时域反射系统。在采取光纤单端探测以满足工程便捷使用要求的基础上,利用连续泵浦光的自发布里渊散射与系统中的探测脉冲光作用,通过自发布里渊散射系统中产生的局部受激布里渊散射模式,来提升布里渊光时域反射仪的传感距离和测温精度。通过此方法,可使原低成本布里渊光纤传感系统在使用宽度为100 ns的常用探测光脉冲基础上,将2.7 km测温光缆的末端测温精度提升至±1.27℃,提升了283%,改善了系统的测温精度和传感距离,且该结构不额外增加运算时间及其他冗余光电器件。与传统相干探测结构相比,该系统为改善低成本建筑工地专用布里渊光时域反射仪的性能提供了一种途径,尽量满足当前阶段建筑工程领域对超低成本分布式光纤解调仪的应用需求。

SiC含量对铝基复合材料性能的影响

SiC增强铝基复合材料因具有高比强度、高导热与高耐磨等性能而被广泛应用于航空航天、电子封装与交通运输等领域。本文采用热压烧结法制备了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究SiC含量对铝基复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。用X射线衍射、阿基米德排水法、洛氏硬度分析与三点抗弯法测定试样的物相组成、表观密度与力学性能,用SEM分析试样微观形貌,用激光闪射法测定导热系数。研究结果表明,随SiC颗粒体积分数从0%增加到60%,试样的硬度先增大后降低,在SiC体积分数为50%时达最大值,为90 HRB。试样的导热率先增加后降低,在SiC体积分数为30%时达到最大值,为324.05 W/(m·K)。随SiC体积分数增加,金属基体与增强体结合紧密,无明显孔隙。当SiC体积分数增加到60%,试样孔隙率增加,致密度降低,强度下降。

A modified back analysis method for deep excavation with multi-objective optimization procedure

Real-time prediction of excavation-induced displacement of retaining pile during the deep excavation process is crucial for construction safety.This paper proposes a modified back analysis method with multi-objective optimization procedure,which enables a real-time prediction of horizontal displacement of retaining pile during construction.As opposed to the traditional stage-by-stage back analysis,time series monitoring data till the current excavation stage are utilized to form a multi-objective function.Then,the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is applied for parameter identification.The optimized model parameters are immediately adopted to predict the excavation-induced pile deformation in the continuous construction stages.To achieve efficient parameter optimization and real-time prediction of system behavior,the back propagation neural network (BPNN) is established to substitute the finite element model,which is further implemented together with MOPSO for automatic operation.The proposed approach is applied in the Taihu tunnel excavation project,where the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via the comparisons with the site monitoring data.The method is reliable with a prediction accuracy of more than 90%.Moreover,different optimization algorithms,including non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II),Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II) and MOPSO,are compared,and their influences on the prediction accuracy at different excavation stages are studied.The results show that MOPSO has the best performance for high dimensional optimization task.

一种减小光纤传感系统频谱噪声的信号处理方法研究

针对基于短时傅里叶变换的布里渊光时域反射仪(STFT-BOTDR)系统噪声频谱泄漏导致的布里渊频移误差问题,提出利用布莱克曼窗函数解决频谱噪声的信号处理方法。首先搭建STFT-BOTDR系统,采集到包含系统变频模块产生低频噪声的布里渊信号,然后分别利用海明窗函数和布莱克曼窗函数解调的布里渊增益谱和布里渊频移分布。实验结果显示:利用布莱克曼窗函数比利用海明窗函数更能有效解决STFT-BOTDR系统中由于低频噪声发生频谱泄漏产生的谐波使布里渊增益谱失真的现象,减少布里渊频移的测量误差。实验表明利用窗函数解决系统频谱噪声的方法,在1.8 km的待测光纤上利用布莱克曼窗函数解调的布里渊频移分布测量精度达到1.4691 MHz,系统性能得到了提升,有利于加速低成本、中精度STFT-BOTDR系统的工程应用进程。

Elevated levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with knee articular cartilage injury

BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of keen articular cartilage injury remains poorly understood. AIM To measure the levels of inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF] in patients with knee articular cartilage injury. METHODS Fifty-five patients with knee articular cartilage injury were selected as patient groups, who were divided into three grades [mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 16)] according to disease severity and X-ray examinations. Meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF were measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patient groups displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF, and the extent of increase was directly proportional to the severity of injury (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in the synovial membrane were significantly increased, along with increased disease severity (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster University of Orthopaedic Index in patient groups were 2.26 ± 1.13 and 15.56 ± 7.12 points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.98 ± 1.32 and 49.48 ± 8.96). Correlation analysis suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with VEGF. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels are increased in patients with knee articular cartilage injury, and are associated with the disease severity, indicating they might play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee articular cartilage injury. Furthermore, therapeutically targeting them might be a novel approach for the treatment of keen articular cartilage injury.

Hidden Two-Stream Collaborative Learning Network for Action Recognition

The two-stream convolutional neural network exhibits excellent performance in the video action recognition.The crux of the matter is to use the frames already clipped by the videos and the optical flow images pre-extracted by the frames,to train a model each,and to finally integrate the outputs of the two models.Nevertheless,the reliance on the pre-extraction of the optical flow impedes the efficiency of action recognition,and the temporal and the spatial streams are just simply fused at the ends,with one stream failing and the other stream succeeding.We propose a novel hidden two-stream collaborative(HTSC)learning network that masks the steps of extracting the optical flow in the network and greatly speeds up the action recognition.Based on the two-stream method,the two-stream collaborative learning model captures the interaction of the temporal and spatial features to greatly enhance the accuracy of recognition.Our proposed method is highly capable of achieving the balance of efficiency and precision on large-scale video action recognition datasets.

Reconstruction of meandering paleo-channels using dense well data,Daqing Oil Field,Songliao Basin,China

Reconstructing meandering paleo-channels is attracting global research attention. We implemented a novel method by comprehensively integrating migration models and sedimentary structures. Firstly, the migration architectures of the corresponding characteristics in planform and cross-sectional models were summarised as expansion, translation, expansion and translation, expansion and downstream rotation, constriction and downstream rotation, and expansion and countercurrent rotation models. Secondly, full continuous core data from 270 dense drilling wells were collected from the Daqing Oil Field in the Songliao Basin, China, providing information on rock textures, sedimentary cycles, and boundary information for the two layers being studied. Through a comprehensive analysis of dense drill cores and logging data, the abandoned channels and the initial and final channel centrelines were identified. Consequently, four profiles, including one longitudinal and three transverse sections, were constructed to reveal the cross-sectional structures and planform migration architecture. Profile interpretation revealed the evolution from the initial channel centreline to the final centreline. Using a method of rational interpolation, we were able to reconstruct the migration architecture of the meandering channels. The results showed that the average ancient bankfull width(Wc) was approximately 100 m, a single meandering belt was800 m, the radius of the curvature was 250 m, the length of the channel bend was 700 m, the average meander wavelength was 1300 m, the sinuosity was 3.0, and the annual average discharge rate was 450 m3/s. Furthermore, we compared the results from empirical equations, which verified that our reconstruction is both feasible and potentially widely applicable.

Hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays decorated with ultrathin CuInS_(2) nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MBAs are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique. The ultrathin CuInS2 nanosheets are grown on the 3 D electrodes by solvothermal transformation of Cu film. The photocurrent density of 3 D photocathode(CuInS2@MBAs) is about two times higher than that of the planar counterpart(CuInS2@Planar). The improved PEC performance can be ascribed to the elevated light trapping ability and the increased surface area for loading photocatalysts. In addition, CdS quantum dots as cocatalysts are modified onto the Cu In S2 nanosheets to further enhance the PEC activity because the formed p-n heterojunction can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the 3 D photocathode of CuInS2/CdS@MBAs shows an optimal incident photon to current efficiency of 10% at the wavelength of400 nm. It is believed that this work can be generalized to design other hierarchical 3 D photoelectrodes for improved solar water splitting.

SiC体积分数对铜基复合材料性能的影响

采用热压粉末冶金法引入Al和Mg元素制备SiC/Cu复合材料,研究SiC体积分数对SiC/Cu复合材料性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法和扫描电镜分析复合材料样品的物相组成、相对密度、力学性能及微观形貌,并测定其导热系数和热膨胀系数,用ROM混合定律和Turner模型预测复合材料的热膨胀系数。结果表明:试样基体中生成了AlCuMg相,强度大幅增加,且以混合型断裂为主;当SiC体积分数较低时,SiC颗粒在基体中分散较均匀。当SiC体积分数为35%时,SiC/Cu复合材料的致密度、抗弯强度、导热系数和热膨胀系数分别为98.81%、478 MPa、254.76 W/(m·K)和11.84×10^(-6)/K。随着SiC体积分数的增加,SiC颗粒团聚较严重,复合材料的致密度、抗弯强度、导热系数和热膨胀系数随之降低,其硬度呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SiC体积分数为45%时达到最大值110 HRB。Turner模型的预测值与复合材料实测值最为接近。

常温紫外老化对沥青物理性能影响研究

沥青路面由于其良好的路用性能在我国公路建设得到广泛应用,但其在服役期间受到紫外环境因素的影响容易发生老化,从而导致路用性能衰减。在氧气浓度与年平均温度不高、车流量不大的滇西北高海拔地区,沥青路面同样也出现了严重的老化现象,这与紫外光主导的老化密切相关。因此,针对该地区特殊自然环境开展常温条件下紫外光老化研究,对改善沥青路面的耐久性具有重要意义。采用25℃作为室内模拟紫外老化的试验温度,研究常温下紫外光对沥青老化的影响。该文通过对比基质沥青和SBS改性沥青经不同紫外老化时长处理后技术指标的变化,分析了紫外光对两种沥青的影响。结果表明,基质沥青和SBS改性沥青在抗紫外老化效果上存在较为明显的差异,相对于基质沥青,SBS改性沥青表现为更优异的抗紫外老化能力。

抗紫外老化改性沥青混凝土路面施工技术研究

为验证掺入抗紫外老化剂后沥青路面在实体工程中的应用效果,在宁蒗至永胜高速公路铺筑试验段进行室内性能与现场取样对比,分析改性沥青的抗老化性能及其适用性。结果表明,3种掺加抗老化剂沥青路面其路用性能完全满足我国沥青路面施工技术规范的要求,为我国高海拔强紫外线地区沥青路面设计与施工提供了参考依据。

水气联合雾化制备超细铁粉及其在激光焊锯片上的应用

用水气联合雾化工艺制备超细铁粉,对比超细铁粉、还原铁粉和羰基铁粉的物性和微观形貌,并在一定的热压工艺下制备3种铁粉的烧结块,考察其断口形貌和力学性能;同时,在一定焊接条件下将3种铁粉应用于激光焊锯片的过渡层,考察其焊接性能。结果表明:水气联合雾化工艺制备的超细铁粉颗粒较细、氧含量低、纯度和球形度高、烧结活性好;且烧结块断口存在明显韧窝组织,其韧性较高,在较低的烧结温度下便可达到较大的致密度、硬度及抗弯强度。将超细铁粉应用到激光焊锯片过渡层中,锯片焊接强度远高于欧盟EN13236标准规定的600 MPa。在烧结压力为35 MPa、烧结温度为810℃、保温时间为3 min时制作刀头,再用此刀头制作锯片,锯片达到的最大焊接强度为1900 MPa。

热压烧结温度对SiCp/Al复合材料性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备SiCp/Al复合材料,研究烧结温度对复合材料性能的影响。用X射线衍射、阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法和扫描电镜分析复合材料样品的物相组成、相对密度、力学性能及微观形貌,并测定其热导率和热膨胀系数。结果表明:SiCp/Al复合材料由SiC、Al和Mg2Si相组成,加入Mg提高了基体和SiC颗粒之间的浸润性。随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的硬度和抗弯强度先增加后下降,在700℃时达到最大值98 HRB和275 MPa;复合材料的热导率先增加后下降,热膨胀系数先下降后增加,在700℃时分别达到最大值218.187 W/(m·K)和最小值8.6×10^(−6)K^(−1)。

煤化工工业园区含盐废水“零排放”处理工程实例

针对某煤焦化工业园区所产生的含盐废水,采用“芬顿氧化+硝化/反硝化(A/O)生化池+二沉池+混凝沉淀+臭氧氧化+多介质过滤+超滤+一级反渗透+纳滤+软化反应沉淀池+多介质过滤+二级反渗透+三效蒸发”工艺进行处理,实现含盐废水处理“零排放”,产水全部回用至园区。经工程调试,结果表明,化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和总溶解性固体(TDS)平均去除率分别在97%、98%、99%、92%和88%以上,说明该工艺在技术和经济上可行。

水气联合雾化制备的低损耗纳米晶软磁粉末

基于水气联合雾化工艺制备了纳米晶体系的Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb合金粉末,其淬态为非晶结构。经过10℃/min升温至560℃、保温1 h的热处理工艺,可获得Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb均匀的纳米晶结构,其平均晶粒尺寸为15nm。水气联合雾化工艺方法制备的非晶Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb粉末具有纳米晶化热处理工艺稳定的特点,在退火温度为560℃下制备的Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb纳米晶粉末的Bs=167.6 emu/g,矫顽力Hc=47.7 A/m。在100 mT条件下具有极低的损耗,Ps=497 mW/cm^(3),且此工艺适用于规模化生产,有望在高频率低损耗电感器领域获得应用。

基于熵权-TOPSIS理论的复合改性沥青配方优化

针对目前用于提高沥青及沥青混合料抗紫外老化能力外加剂较多的现状,综合考虑复合改性沥青宏观性能指标、微观性能指标以及成本因素,采用熵权-TOPSIS理论对于6种不同的抗老化剂方案进行优化。结果表明:采用该理论确定的层状双金属氢氧化物复配受阻胺类光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂以及层状双金属氢氧化物复配受阻胺类光稳定剂两种复合改性沥青方案具有较好的性价比,可以满足沥青路面抗紫外特性需求。其为今后改性沥青配方设计与优化提供了新的技术途径。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/NbC composite layer prepared by in-situ reaction

NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were prepared by an in-situ reaction method at different temperatures(1,050℃,1,100℃and 1,150℃)for different times(1 h,2 h and 3 h).The phase constitution,microstructure and fracture morphology of NbC ceramic surface-reinforced steel matrix composites were analyzed by XRD,SEM and EDS,and the effects of the in-situ reaction temperature and time on the mechanical properties were systematically studied.The results indicate that the NbC reinforcement layer is formed through the reaction between Nb atoms and carbon atoms diffused from the steel matrix to the Nb plate.The thickness of this reinforcement layer increases as the reaction time prolongs.Additionally,an increase in reaction temperature results in a thicker reinforcement layer,although the rate of increase gradually decreases.The relationship among the thickness of the Nb C reinforcement layer,the reaction time and temperature was established by data fitting.The optimal tensile performance is achieved at 1,100℃for 1 h,with a tensile strength of 228 MPa.It is also found that the defects between the reinforcement layer and the steel matrix are related to reaction temperature.At 1,100℃,these defects are minimal.Fracture mostly occurs in the NbC reinforced layer of the composites,and the fracture mode is characterized by typical intergranular brittle fracture.

水气联合雾化法制备铁基预合金粉末及其在金刚石工具中的应用

采用水气联合雾化工艺制备了金刚石工具用铁基预合金粉末,对水气联合雾化法、常规水雾化法制备的预合金粉末进行物性对比,并对相应地预合金粉末烧结块的断口形貌、力学性能进行比较与分析。结果表明:水气联合雾化工艺制备的预合金粉末氧含量较低,球形度好,粉末粒度细;水气联合雾化制备的预合金粉末TZ611烧结块断口形貌呈典型的韧性断裂和沿晶断裂特征;烧结块相对密度、硬度和抗弯强度等力学性能显著提高,对金刚石颗粒把持更好。采用水气联合雾化工艺制备的预合金粉末制造的圆锯片切割更为锋利,且使用寿命为常规水雾化粉末的1.62倍。