单细胞RNA测序技术在肺癌肿瘤微环境研究中的进展

免疫微环境对肿瘤的发生发展起着关键作用。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,研究人员对肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞组成及其功能有了更深入的了解。然而,传统的群体测序技术难以解析单个细胞层面的异质性,限制了对肿瘤微环境复杂性的全面理解。单细胞RNA测序技术的兴起,为揭示肺癌免疫微环境的异质性带来了新的机遇。当前以T细胞为中心的免疫治疗在临床中容易出现免疫原性耐药或者免疫相关性肺炎等影响预后的副作用,其关键因素是肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞的相互作用发生了变化。而单细胞RNA测序技术可以从细胞间互作、拟时序分析等角度揭示肿瘤微环境中不同亚群间的起源与作用,进而发现新的细胞亚群或新生生物标志物,为揭示免疫治疗的耐药及疗效监测等提供新的途径。该综述系统回顾了单细胞RNA测序技术在揭示肺癌特别是免疫治疗后肺癌微环境异质性方面的最新研究进展,为促进肺癌免疫治疗的精准化与个体化提供参考。

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Fast prototype and rapid construction of three-dimensional and multi-scaled pitcher for controlled drainage by systematic biomimicry

Biomimetic materials that use natural wisdom to solve practical problems are developing rapidly.The trend for systematic biomimicry is towards in-situ characterization of naturalcreatures with high spatial resolutions.Furthermore,rapid reconstruction of digital twin models with the same complex features as the prototype is indispensable.However,it faces bottlenecks and limits in fast characterization and fabrication,precise parameter optimization,geometricdeviations control,and quality prediction.To solve these challenges,here,we demonstrate astate-of-the-art method taking advantage of micro-computed tomography and three-dimensional printing for the fast characterization of the pitcher plant Nepenthes x ventrata and fabrication of its biomimetic model to obtain a superior drainage controller with multiscale structures withprecise surface morphology optimization and geometric deviation control.Thefilm-rupture-based drainage dynamic and mechanisms are characterized by x-ray and high-speed videography,which determines the crucial structures for unique directionaldrainage.Then the optimized artificial pitchers are further developed into sustained drainage devices with novel applications,such as detection,reaction,and smoke control.

Optimizing the sulfur-resistance and activity of perovskite oxygen carrier for chemical looping dry reforming of methane

Perovskite oxides has been attracted much attention as high-performance oxygen carriers for chemical looping reforming of methane,but they are easily inactivated by the presence of trace H_(2)S.Here,we propose to modulate both the activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning by dual substitution of Mo and Ni ions with the Fe-sites of LaFeO_(3)perovskite.It is found that partial substitution of Ni for Fe substantially improves the activity of LaFeO_(3)perovskite,while Ni particles prefer to grow and react with H_(2)S during the long-term successive redox process,resulting in the deactivation of oxygen carriers.With the presence of Mo in LaNi_(0.05)Fe_(0.95)O_(3−σ)perovskite,H_(2)S preferentially reacts with Mo to generate MoS_(2),and then the CO_(2)oxidation can regenerate Mo via removing sulfur.In addition,Mo can inhibit the accumulation and growth of Ni,which helps to improve the redox stability of oxygen carriers.The LaNi_(0.05)Mo_(0.07)Fe_(0.88)O_(3−σ)oxygen carrier exhibits stable and excellent performance,with the CH_(4)conversion higher than 90%during the 50 redox cycles in the presence of 50 ppm H_(2)S at 800℃.This work highlights a synergistic effect in the perovskite oxides induced by dual substitution of different cations for the development of high-performance oxygen carriers with excellent sulfur tolerance.

Bionic lightweight design of limb leg units for hydraulic quadruped robots by additive manufacturing and topology optimization

Galloping cheetahs,climbing mountain goats,and load hauling horses all show desirable locomotion capability,which motivates the development of quadruped robots.Among various quadruped robots,hydraulically driven quadruped robots show great potential in unstructured environments due to their discrete landing positions and large payloads.As the most critical movement unit of a quadruped robot,the limb leg unit(LLU)directly affects movement speed and reliability,and requires a compact and lightweight design.Inspired by the dexterous skeleton–muscle systems of cheetahs and humans,this paper proposes a highly integrated bionic actuator system for a better dynamic performance of an LLU.We propose that a cylinder barrel with multiple element interfaces and internal smooth channels is realized using metal additive manufacturing,and hybrid lattice structures are introduced into the lightweight design of the piston rod.In addition,additive manufacturing and topology optimization are incorporated to reduce the redundant material of the structural parts of the LLU.The mechanical properties of the actuator system are verified by numerical simulation and experiments,and the power density of the actuators is far greater than that of cheetah muscle.The mass of the optimized LLU is reduced by 24.5%,and the optimized LLU shows better response time performance when given a step signal,and presents a good trajectory tracking ability with the increase in motion frequency.

Screening the optimal Co_(x)/CeO_(2)(110)(x=1–6)catalyst for methane activation in coalbed gas

The challenges posed by energy and environmental issues have forced mankind to explore and utilize unconventional energy sources.It is imperative to convert the abundant coalbed gas(CBG)into high value-added products,i.e.,selective and efficient conversion of methane from CBG.Methane activation,known as the“holy grail”,poses a challenge to the design and development of catalysts.The structural complexity of the active metal on the carrier is of particular concern.In this work,we have studied the nucleation growth of small Co clusters(up to Co_(6))on the surface of CeO_(2)(110)using density functional theory,from which a stable loaded Co/CeO_(2)(110)structure was selected to investigate the methane activation mechanism.Despite the relatively small size of the selected Co clusters,the obtained Co_(x)/CeO_(2)(110)exhibits interesting properties.The optimized Co_(5)/CeO_(2)(110)structure was selected as the optimal structure to study the activation mechanism of methane due to its competitive electronic structure,adsorption energy and binding energy.The energy barriers for the stepwise dissociation of methane to form CH3^(*),CH2^(*),CH^(*),and C^(*)radical fragments are 0.44,0.55,0.31,and 1.20 eV,respectively,indicating that CH^(*)dissociative dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step for the system under investigation here.This fundamental study of metal-support interactions based on Co growth on the CeO_(2)(110)surface contributes to the understanding of the essence of Co/CeO_(2) catalysts with promising catalytic behavior.It provides theoretical guidance for better designing the optimal Co/CeO_(2) catalyst for tailored catalytic reactions.

基于混沌粒子群优化算法的反应釜温度预测控制研究

反应釜作为化工行业核心的生产容器,其温度控制优化在化工生产领域中具有重要作用。针对反应釜温度控制难的问题,提出了一种基于Tent映射的混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)算法优化动态矩阵控制(DMC)-比例积分微分(PID)的反应釜温度预测控制策略。由于DMC很难选取较优的参数,利用Tent映射的CPSO算法提高动态矩阵参数寻优的速度。通过试验,以及与常规PID、DMC-PID控制对比分析,基于Tent映射的CPSO-DMC-PID串级控制对温度控制系统有较好的控制精度和响应速度,可大幅缩小超调量。该控制策略对反应釜温度预测控制研究具有一定的参考意义。

Reinforcement Technology for Soft Soil Roadbed in the Widened Section of Expressway Expansion

This article examines the soft soil roadbed reinforcement technology for widened sections of highways in a specific project.It provides an overview of the project,the principles of soft soil roadbed reinforcement technology for wide sections,and its practical application.The analysis aims to offer guidance on applying soft soil roadbed wide section reinforcement technology and enhancing the overall quality of similar projects.

Analysis and Comparison of Slope-cutting Widening Schemes in Highway Reconstruction and Expansion Project Based on MIDAS Software

In this paper,the geological condition of the right-side slope of the K114+694–K115+162 section of Yong-tai-wen Expressway is investigated and analyzed with the results showing that the strength of rock mass is the main contributor to the stability of the slope.Then,two widening schemes are proposed,which are the steep slope with strong support and the gentle slope with general support schemes.The static/slope module of MIDAS GTS finite element analysis software and the strength reduction method were used to compare the two schemes.The results show that the steep slope with a strong support scheme has obvious advantages in land requisition,environmental protection,and safety and is more suitable for reconstructing and expanding the highway slope.

Effect of Shengsui Jiangu capsule on TNF-α, TGF-β1, and empty bone lacuna in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis

TGF-Objective:To investigate the effect of postgraduate Shengsui Jiangu Capsule on tumor necrosis factors TNF-α,transforming growth factor TGF-β1 and empty bone lacuna in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.Method:120 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,30 rats in each group:blank group,model group,western medicine control group and traditional Chinese medicine intervention group.Liquor gavage was used to model the disease,except for the blank group.The western medicine control group was gavaged with a suspension of calcium carbonate and afad3,while the Chinese medicine intervention group was gavaged with a suspension of Shengsui Jiangu capsules combined with 0.9%saline solution injection.The values of TNF-αand TGF-β1 in femora were measured after 8,12,and 16 weeks of intervention.After dissecting out the femoral head using the HE(hematoxylin-eosin staining)staining method,the bone lacunae were observed under a light microscope,and the empty bone lacunae rate was calculated for intergroup comparison.Results:Compared with the blank group,the model group had a significantly higher percentage of TNF-αand empty bone lacunae,and a significantly lower percentage of TGF-β1(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rates of TNF-αand empty bone lacunae in the western medicine control group and the Chinese medicine intervention group were significantly decreased,and TGF-β1 was significantly increased(P<0.01).The traditional Chinese medicine intervention group was more effective than the western medicine control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shengsui Jiangu capsule attenuates the expression of TNF-α,enhances the expression of TGF-β1,decreases the rate of empty bone lacunae,and achieves a protective effect against alcoholic osteoporosis in rats with alcoholic osteoporosis.

Pea-like MoS_(2)@NiS_(1.03)-carbon heterostructured hollow nanofibers for high-performance sodium storage

The rational synergy of chemical composition and spatial nanostructures of electrode materials play important roles in high-performance energy storage devices.Here,we designed pea-like MoS_(2)@NiS_(1.03)-carbon hollow nanofibers using a simple electrospinning and thermal treatment method.The hierarchical hollow nanofiber is composed of a nitrogen-doped carbon-coated NiS_(1.03) tube wall,in which pea-like uniformly discrete MoS_(2) nanoparticles are enclosed.As a sodium-ion battery electrode material,the MoS_(2)@NiS_(1.03)-carbon hollow nanofibers have abundant diphasic heterointerfaces,a conductive network,and appropriate volume variation-buffering spaces,which can facilitate ion diffusion kinetics,shorten the diffusion path of electrons/ion,and buffer volume expansion during Na^(+)insertion/extraction.It shows outstanding rate capacity and long-cycle performance in a sodium-ion battery.This heterogeneous hollow nanoarchitectures designing enlightens an efficacious strategy to boost the capacity and long-life stability of sodium storage performance of electrode materials.

Engineering Multi‑field‑coupled Synergistic Ion Transport System Based on the Heterogeneous Nanofluidic Membrane for High‑Efficient Lithium Extraction

The global carbon neutrality strategy brings a wave of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries technique development and induces an ever-growing consumption and demand for lithium(Li).Among all the Li exploitation,extracting Li from spent LIBs would be a strategic and perspective approach,especially with the low energy consumption and eco-friendly membrane separation method.However,current membrane separation systems mainly focus on monotonous membrane design and structure optimization,and rarely further consider the coordination of inherent structure and applied external field,resulting in limited ion transport.Here,we propose a heterogeneous nanofluidic membrane as a platform for coupling multi-external fields(i.e.,lightinduced heat,electrical,and concentration gradient fields)to construct the multi-field-coupled synergistic ion transport system(MSITS)for Li-ion extraction from spent LIBs.The Li flux of the MSITS reaches 367.4 mmol m^(−2)h^(−1),even higher than the sum flux of those applied individual fields,reflecting synergistic enhancement for ion transport of the multi-field-coupled effect.Benefiting from the adaptation of membrane structure and multi-external fields,the proposed system exhibits ultrahigh selectivity with a Li^(+)/Co^(2+)factor of 216,412,outperforming previous reports.MSITS based on nanofluidic membrane proves to be a promising ion transport strategy,as it could accelerate ion transmembrane transport and alleviate the ion concentration polarization effect.This work demonstrated a collaborative system equipped with an optimized membrane for high-efficient Li extraction,providing an expanded strategy to investigate the other membrane-based applications of their common similarities in core concepts.

Construction of truncated-octahedral LiMn2O4 for battery-like electrochemical lithium recovery from brine

The extraction of lithium from salt lakes or seawater has attracted worldwide attention because of the explosive growth of global demand for lithium products. The LiMn_(2)O_(4)-based electrochemical lithium recovery system is one of the strongest candidates for commercial application due to its high inserted capacity and low energy consumption. However, the surface orientation of LiMn_(2)O_(4)that facilitates Li diffusion happens to be prone to manganese dissolution making it a great challenge to obtain high lithium inserted capacity and long life simultaneously. Herein, we address this problem by designing a truncated octahedral LiMn_(2)O_(4)(Tr-oh LMO) in which the dominant(111) facets minimize Mn dissolution while a small portion of(100) facets facilitate the Li diffusion. Thus, this Tr-oh LMO-based electrochemical lithium recovery system shows excellent Li recovery performance with high inserted capacity(20.25 mg g^(-1)per cycle) in simulated brine. In addition, the dissolution rate of manganese per 30 cycles is only 0.44% and the capacity maintained 85% of the initial after 30 cycles. These promising findings accelerate the practical application of LiMn_(2)O_(4)in electrochemical lithium recovery.

子午流注纯艾条灸对人工流产术后疼痛的影响研究

目的:探讨子午流注纯艾条灸对人工流产术后疼痛的影响。方法:将2021年1月—2022年12月在佛山市中医院三水医院治未病科和妇科就诊的人工流产术后疼痛患者80例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组于术后采取非择时艾条灸干预,观察组于术后采取子午流注纯艾条灸干预。比较治疗前、治疗后24、48、72 h的疼痛评分,记录疼痛消失时间、子宫出血持续时间、首次月经复潮时间。治疗前,治疗后1周采用阴道二维彩色多普勒超声测定子宫内膜厚度,采用放射免疫法测定性激素水平(卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、促黄体生成素、催乳素)。结果:观察组治疗后24、48、72 h疼痛评分分别为(3.02±0.30)、(2.16±0.20)、(1.08±0.12)分,均低于对照组的(3.85±0.45)、(3.34±0.42)、(2.88±0.36)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组疼痛消失时间为(3.40±0.42)d、子宫出血持续时间为(5.30±1.12)d、首次月经复潮时间为(22.83±6.22)d,均明显短于对照组的(6.12±1.60)、(8.65±2.22)、(30.58±8.15)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1周,观察组子宫内膜厚度、卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、促黄体生成素分别为(8.18±1.28)mm、(9.90±0.55)U/L、(129.43±5.33)pg/mL、(9.88±0.68)U/L,上述指标均明显高于观察组治疗前的(5.05±0.66)mm、(6.86±0.42)U/L、(110.72±5.06)pg/m L、(7.38±0.66)U/L及对照组治疗后1周的(6.82±1.10)mm、(7.33±0.58)U/L、(122.38±5.18)pg/mL、(9.02±0.70)U/L,观察组催乳素为(12.62±2.08)μg/L,明显低于治疗前的(16.78±2.24)μg/L及对照组治疗后1周的(14.85±2.12)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:子午流注纯艾条灸在人工流产术后应用能够有效减轻术后疼痛程度及缩短疼痛持续时间,改善性激素水平,促进子宫内膜生长,缩短子宫出血持续时间及首次月经复潮时间。

多技术交叉融合的拟建机场测量方法研究

传统全野外数字化测图进行遮蔽角测量,存在制图周期长、工作量大,且无法满足拟建机场遮蔽角测量需求。本文以某民用机场初步设计勘查项目为例,将无人机倾斜摄影测量、超站仪无控制点测量和基于EPS三维测图系统等多技术交叉融合运用,结合优化后的内业分析工具和外业调查模式构建了一套适用于新建机场拟建导航台的场地环境调查测绘的方法,同时对各测量环节的成果精度进行了验证。结果表明:(1)无人机倾斜摄影测量技术获得三维模型精度满足地形测量精度要求;(2)多种技术交叉融合的方式不仅保证了勘查成果的质量,而且有效提高了工作效率;(3)优化后的内业数据处理和外业调查模式省时省力。本文采用的多种技术交叉融合方法,测定的障碍物遮蔽角成果可靠性高,可作为障碍物的限制高度评估、较大障碍物及时拆除和机场正式建设的基础数据。

Diagenetic evolution and effects on reservoir development of the Dengying and Longwangmiao formations,Central Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

The deeply buried Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation and Upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation from the Sichuan Basin,China,have a total natural gas reserve up to 3×10^(12)m^(3).The complex diagenetic evolution and their impacts on the present-day reservoir quality have not been systematically elucidated,hampering the current exploration.Crucially,the integration and comparation diagenetic study on these two formations,which may be able to shed new lights on reservoir formation mechanism,are yet to be systemically evaluated.By compiling geochemistry data,including carbonate U-Pb ages and petrophysics data,coupled with new petrology,trace elements,and strontium isotope data,of various types of diagenetic carbonates,this study aims to decipher the potential links between diagenesis and reservoir development of both formations.Intriguingly,similar diagenetic sequence,which contains five distinctive dolomite phases,is established in both formations.The matrix dolomite(D1)and early dolomite cement(D2)were likely formed by reflux dolomitization,as inferred by their nearly syn-depositional U-Pb ages and elevatedδ^(18)O caused by seawater evaporation.The subsequent moderate burial dolomite cement(D3)was most plausibly the product of burial compaction as indicated by its lighterδ^(18)O and slightly younger U-Pb ages compared with D1 and D2.Whereas deep burial dolomite cements(D4 and D5)yield markedly depletedδ^(18)O,elevated ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr,along with much younger U-Pb ages and higher precipitation temperatures,suggesting that they were likely linked to hydrothermal fluids.Despite the wide occurrence of meteoric and organic acids leaching and thermochemical sulfate reduction,they may have only played a subsidiary role on these reservoirs development.Instead,superior reservoir quality is tightly linked to tectonics as inferred by higher reservoir quality closely related to the well-developed fractures and faults filled with abundant hydrothermal minerals.Notably,good reservoirs in both formations are mainly attributed to high permeability caused by tectonics.Hence,this new contribution emphasizes the crucial role of tectonics on spatially explicit reservoir prediction of deep to ultra-deep(up to>8000 m)carbonates in the Sichuan Basin,as well as other sedimentary basin analogues in China.

Treating traumatic brain injury at sea:how to improve the skills and capabilities of the naval medical personnel

Dear Editor,Recent advances in military technology have led to the development of sophisticated and intelligent weapons, which increase mortality and morbidity. Since the advent of highexplosion weapons, "shock wave" has surpassed "shrapnel" and become the most important injurious component in conventional combat. Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death among military personnel and civilians during wartime[1]. Clinically, its symptoms and indications vary depending on the location and severity of the injury. The most frequently observed symptoms included altered consciousness and local dysfunction.

The therapeutic mechanism of dexamethasone in lung injury induced by hydrogen sulfide

The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.

The(1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic waves in multicomponent plasma containing kappa electrons

Large amplitude (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic waves are theoretically studied in multicomponent plasma consisting of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, ion beam, kappa-distributed electrons, and dust grains,respectively. By using the Sagdeev potential method, the dynamical system and the Sagdeev potential function are obtained.The important influences of system parameters on the phase diagram of this system are investigated. It is found that the linear waves, the nonlinear waves and the solitary waves are coexistent in the multicomponent plasma system. Meanwhile,the variations of Sagdeev potential with parameter can also be obtained. Finally, it seems that the propagating characteristics of (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic solitary waves and ion acoustic nonlinear shock wave can be influenced by different parameters of this system.

热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)

局部热消融技术在肺部结节治疗领域正处在起步与发展阶段,为了肺结节热消融治疗的临床实践和规范发展,由"中国医师协会肿瘤消融治疗技术专家组""中国医师协会介入医师分会肿瘤消融专业委员会""中国抗癌协会肿瘤消融治疗专业委员会""中国临床肿瘤学会消融专家委员会"组织多学科国内有关专家,讨论制定了"热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)"。主要内容包括:(1)肺部亚实性结节的临床评估;(2)热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节技术操作规程、适应证、禁忌证、疗效评价和相关并发症;(3)存在的问题和未来发展方向。