The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tok...The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.展开更多
目的:探讨不同手术方式对原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)患者疗效和安全性的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年7月至2023年5月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)收治的130例PCNSL患者的...目的:探讨不同手术方式对原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)患者疗效和安全性的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年7月至2023年5月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)收治的130例PCNSL患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为切除组和活检组,比较两组的安全性及疗效,包括化疗后的客观缓解率(objective re-sponse rate,ORR)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)。结果:切除组的ORR、2年OS率、2年PFS率与活检组比较无统计学差异(ORR:63.2%vs.62.8%;2年OS率:68.6%vs.73.7%;2年PFS率:35.2%vs.40.7%,P>0.05),切除组的术后并发症发生率高于活检组(29.3%vs.11.4%,P=0.04)。两组住院时间无统计学差异,但活检组费用较少(P<0.01)。结论:对PCNSL患者,接受活检和切除的疗效相当,但与切除相比,活检的安全性较好,且住院费用更少。展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with prescribed-time Nash equilibrium(PTNE)seeking problem in a pursuit-evasion game(PEG)involving agents with second-order dynamics.In order to achieve the prior-given and user-de...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with prescribed-time Nash equilibrium(PTNE)seeking problem in a pursuit-evasion game(PEG)involving agents with second-order dynamics.In order to achieve the prior-given and user-defined convergence time for the PEG,a PTNE seeking algorithm has been developed to facilitate collaboration among multiple pursuers for capturing the evader without the need for any global information.Then,it is theoretically proved that the prescribedtime convergence of the designed algorithm for achieving Nash equilibrium of PEG.Eventually,the effectiveness of the PTNE method was validated by numerical simulation results.A PEG consists of two groups of agents:evaders and pursuers.The pursuers aim to capture the evaders through cooperative efforts,while the evaders strive to evade capture.PEG is a classic noncooperative game.It has attracted plenty of attention due to its wide application scenarios,such as smart grids[1],formation control[2],[3],and spacecraft rendezvous[4].It is noteworthy that most previous research on seeking the Nash equilibrium of the game,where no agent has an incentive to change its actions,has focused on asymptotic and exponential convergence[5]-[7].展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2022YFE03100004 and 2022YFE03060003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12375226,12175227 and 11875255)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723066).
文摘The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.
文摘目的:探讨不同手术方式对原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)患者疗效和安全性的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年7月至2023年5月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)收治的130例PCNSL患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为切除组和活检组,比较两组的安全性及疗效,包括化疗后的客观缓解率(objective re-sponse rate,ORR)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)。结果:切除组的ORR、2年OS率、2年PFS率与活检组比较无统计学差异(ORR:63.2%vs.62.8%;2年OS率:68.6%vs.73.7%;2年PFS率:35.2%vs.40.7%,P>0.05),切除组的术后并发症发生率高于活检组(29.3%vs.11.4%,P=0.04)。两组住院时间无统计学差异,但活检组费用较少(P<0.01)。结论:对PCNSL患者,接受活检和切除的疗效相当,但与切除相比,活检的安全性较好,且住院费用更少。
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20231417,BK20210214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273094,62203114)the“Zhishan”Scholars Programs of Southeast University.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with prescribed-time Nash equilibrium(PTNE)seeking problem in a pursuit-evasion game(PEG)involving agents with second-order dynamics.In order to achieve the prior-given and user-defined convergence time for the PEG,a PTNE seeking algorithm has been developed to facilitate collaboration among multiple pursuers for capturing the evader without the need for any global information.Then,it is theoretically proved that the prescribedtime convergence of the designed algorithm for achieving Nash equilibrium of PEG.Eventually,the effectiveness of the PTNE method was validated by numerical simulation results.A PEG consists of two groups of agents:evaders and pursuers.The pursuers aim to capture the evaders through cooperative efforts,while the evaders strive to evade capture.PEG is a classic noncooperative game.It has attracted plenty of attention due to its wide application scenarios,such as smart grids[1],formation control[2],[3],and spacecraft rendezvous[4].It is noteworthy that most previous research on seeking the Nash equilibrium of the game,where no agent has an incentive to change its actions,has focused on asymptotic and exponential convergence[5]-[7].
