Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society.Therefore,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power batteries.Recent research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and purification is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy management.Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism.Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized.Ultimately,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies.This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

Study on the Agricultural Fuel Consumption Subsidy Policy for Wheat Straw Low Stubble——Taking the Investigation of Wheat Combine Harvester as an Example in Xushui District of Hebei Province

With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat production of wheat of northern countryside in China. Chinese government popularized the beneficial agronomic measures in the process of wheat straw returned field by mechanization. The agronomic measure was reducing the wheat straw stubble height(WSSH) not more than 20 cm.However, local government didn't apply and disseminate the measure, because in practice the cost of fuel consumption was high, and the operation time of harvesting was longer than ever. The machinery operators and farmers needed to support extra fuel cost and time if they took government's advice. In fact, the objective subsidy policy of fuel cost on reducing WSSH was not been formulated by all levels of government. Therefore, the set of agronomic measure couldn't be popularized in main wheat production area of North China. Our research addressed to master the changing feature of fuel cost and mechanical efficiency,seeking suitable subsidy standard, providing some useful and constructive suggestions to improve subsidy policy of fuel consumption cost for national government department. The study carried out the tracking experiments of the operation efficiency and fuel costs of farm harvester in the situation of different WSSH in 2010 in Xushui District of Hebei Province. In conclusion, the operation time of harvesting decline and machinery fuel consumption cost increased along with the decreasing of WSSH. First for the older harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 18.7% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 10 cm, the cost would increase 4.7%, exact cost was 152.2CNY per hectare. For the new harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 39.9% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 15 cm, the cost would increase 4.6%, exact cost was 368.4CNY per hectare. We provided about 375 CNY per hectare to the mechanical operators and farmer who attended this project, and they were willing to accept the subsidies. We also put forwards some policy suggestions on promoting agronomic measures of reducing WSSH including strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery service system, practise a special fuel consumption subsidies of agricultural machinery and open up new paths for combine sales and circulation.

Knowledge level of cardio-oncology in oncologist and cardiologist:a survey in China

To the Editor:Cancer has been the leading cause of death worldwide and in China since 2010.[1]As advances are made in the treatment of cancer,the survival rate of cancer improves;at the same time,many cancer patients and cancer survivors suffer from cardiovascular disease(CVD)as a result of intense anticancer treatment.[2-4]To prevent and treat cardiovascular problems mediated by cancer treatments,a new medical discipline called cardiooncology was established.Although the field of cardiooncology has existed for 20 years,[5]its development in China is still in the early stages.

Desertification: China provides a solution to a global challenge

Desertification has been caused by various factors and is a major environmental problem and development bottleneck faced by the world. It is also a serious threat to ecological security and to sustainable economic and social development. As a stubborn world problem, focused on by the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goal 15.3, China aims to combat desertification by implementing the "eight-column fourbeam" strategy, and also suggest the "four-medicine"approach for global desertification governance. This includes the development of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification protocol, unified global compliance and compliance metrics; building a global observation network, and monitoring land changes based on remote sense; preparing the global natural desert(heritage) list, leaving the original deserts for future generations; initiating the global action of combating desertification, and striving to achieve a land degradationneutral world by 2030.

Release and sedimentation behaviors of biochar colloids in soil solutions

The release of biochar colloids considerably affects the stability of biochar in environment.Currently,information on the release behavior and suspension stability of biochar colloids in real soil solutions is scarce.In this study,20 soils were collected from different districts in China and the release behavior of biochar colloids and their suspension stability in soil solutions were systematically examined.The results showed that both pyrolysis temperature and biomass source had important effects on the formation of biochar colloids in soil solutions.The formation amount of biochar colloids from low pyrolysis temperatures(400℃)(average amount of 9.33-16.41 mg/g)were significantly higher than those from high pyrolysis temperatures(700℃)(average amount of less than 2 mg/g).The formation amount of wheat straw-derived biochar colloids were higher than those of rice straw-derived biochar colloids probably due to the higher O/C ratio in wheat-straw biochar.Further,biochar colloidal formation amount was negatively correlated with comprehensive effect of dissolved organic carbon,Fe and Al in soil solutions.The sedimentation curve of biochar colloids in soil solutions is well described by an exponential model and demonstrated high suspension stability.Around 40%of the biochar colloids were maintained in the suspension at the final sedimentation equilibrium.The settling efficiency of biochar colloids was positively correlated with comprehensive effect of the ionic strength and K,Ca,Na,and Mg contents in soil solutions.Our findings help promote a deeper understanding of biochar loss and stability in the soil-water environment.

Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are often beneficial in the treatment of multiple types of malignant tumors.However,ICI-associated myocarditis has introduced new clinical challenges.This report highlights the key clinical issues of ICI-associated myocarditis,such as risk factors,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,clinical classification and treatment,monitoring of outcomes,and restart of treatment.Additionally,practical guidance and suggestions for the diagnosis and treatment of ICI-associated myocarditis are proposed with reference to the relevant consensuses or guidelines and newly published evidence-based studies in China and other countries in combination with clinical experience of physicians from Shanghai,China.