Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated durin...Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated during the electrolysis process, which leads to potential environmental risks. In the present work, a novel threecompartment ceramic membrane flow reactor, including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a gas absorption chamber was developed. The three chambers were divided by an Al2O3 ceramic membrane and a breathable hydrophobic anode diffusion electrode(ADE). The Cl2 evolution onset potential of the ADE was increased to 1.19 V from 1.05 V of the graphite felt, effectively inhibiting the chlorine evolution reaction(CER).The anode-generated Cl2 diffused into the gas absorption chamber through the ADE and was eventually consumed by the H2O2 adsorbent. Cu could be recovered without emitting chlorine due to the special structure of reactor. The current efficiency of copper precipitation and cathode reduction from Cu2+to Cu+reached 97.7%at a working current of 150 m A. These results indicated that the novel membrane reactor had high potential for application in the copper recovery industry.展开更多
Recent research indicates that the human infertility rate is increasing. Although various reasons have been hypothesized for the growing infertility rate, environmental contaminants are potentially important causal ag...Recent research indicates that the human infertility rate is increasing. Although various reasons have been hypothesized for the growing infertility rate, environmental contaminants are potentially important causal agents associated with this change.Chemical contaminants are widespread throughout our environment and human exposure is virtually unavoidable. The overall contribution of environmental exposure to infertility is unknown, but studies involving occupational exposure, together with results from animal experiments, suggest that environmental contaminants may adversely affect fertility. We reviewed the adverse effects of environmental exposure on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Environmental contaminants covered in this review include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and endocrine disrupting chemicals. It is hoped that this review will highlight the need for further research in this area.展开更多
Background:To describe the objective,design and baseline characteristics of the Jidong Eye Cohort Study(JECS),a community-based cohort in China based on etiology,imaging and biomarkers.The JECS will clarify the pathog...Background:To describe the objective,design and baseline characteristics of the Jidong Eye Cohort Study(JECS),a community-based cohort in China based on etiology,imaging and biomarkers.The JECS will clarify the pathogenesis of visual impairment and status of ocular indicators in the occurrence and progression of cardiocerebrovascular and neurological diseases.Methods:Between August 2019 and January 2020,the JECS recruited consecutive participants aged 18 years and older from the Jidong communities in China.The demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by trained site personnel via face-to-face interviews.The relevant biological samples were also collected.The participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination,such as retinal photography and optical coherence tomography(OCT)angiography.The following outcomes were measured annually:ocular vascular abnormality,optic nerve degeneration,cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and neurological diseases.The study will be performed until 2024.Results:Among 3377 participants,the average age was 45.0±12.5 years and 1809(53.6%)were women.Hypertension occurred in 825 individuals(25.0%),diabetes in 258(7.7%),hyperglycemia in 474(14.2%),and a CVD history in 100(3.0%).The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 logMAR in the recruited subjects.The average OCT signal index was 8.2±1.2.Additionally,the mean vessel densities for the entire measured area were 46.4%and 50.8%for the superficial and deep vascular complex,respectively.Mean area and perimeter of foveal avascular zone was 0.3 mm2 and 2.3 mm.Conclusions:The JECS is a large community-based prospective cohort in North China.Rich data collected from this study will provide the opportunity to identify risk factors,imaging,and biomarkers of visual impairment(either ocular vascular anomalies or optic nerve degeneration)and to evaluate their associations with CVD and neurological diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838005,21676139)the Higher Education Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(15KJA530001)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research and Development Projects of Jiangsu Province(BE201800901)Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of MaterialsOriented Chemical Engineering(ZK201604).
文摘Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl2 is generated during the electrolysis process, which leads to potential environmental risks. In the present work, a novel threecompartment ceramic membrane flow reactor, including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a gas absorption chamber was developed. The three chambers were divided by an Al2O3 ceramic membrane and a breathable hydrophobic anode diffusion electrode(ADE). The Cl2 evolution onset potential of the ADE was increased to 1.19 V from 1.05 V of the graphite felt, effectively inhibiting the chlorine evolution reaction(CER).The anode-generated Cl2 diffused into the gas absorption chamber through the ADE and was eventually consumed by the H2O2 adsorbent. Cu could be recovered without emitting chlorine due to the special structure of reactor. The current efficiency of copper precipitation and cathode reduction from Cu2+to Cu+reached 97.7%at a working current of 150 m A. These results indicated that the novel membrane reactor had high potential for application in the copper recovery industry.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB14010300)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z151100004015167)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Health Technology High-level Talent Project(No.2014-3-076)the Open fund of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology(No.KF-2017-13)
文摘Recent research indicates that the human infertility rate is increasing. Although various reasons have been hypothesized for the growing infertility rate, environmental contaminants are potentially important causal agents associated with this change.Chemical contaminants are widespread throughout our environment and human exposure is virtually unavoidable. The overall contribution of environmental exposure to infertility is unknown, but studies involving occupational exposure, together with results from animal experiments, suggest that environmental contaminants may adversely affect fertility. We reviewed the adverse effects of environmental exposure on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Environmental contaminants covered in this review include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and endocrine disrupting chemicals. It is hoped that this review will highlight the need for further research in this area.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900903(to ML)the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2017KY113(to ML),2018KY543(to LLC)The funding bodies played no role in the study design,collection,analysis and interpretation of data.
文摘Background:To describe the objective,design and baseline characteristics of the Jidong Eye Cohort Study(JECS),a community-based cohort in China based on etiology,imaging and biomarkers.The JECS will clarify the pathogenesis of visual impairment and status of ocular indicators in the occurrence and progression of cardiocerebrovascular and neurological diseases.Methods:Between August 2019 and January 2020,the JECS recruited consecutive participants aged 18 years and older from the Jidong communities in China.The demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by trained site personnel via face-to-face interviews.The relevant biological samples were also collected.The participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination,such as retinal photography and optical coherence tomography(OCT)angiography.The following outcomes were measured annually:ocular vascular abnormality,optic nerve degeneration,cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and neurological diseases.The study will be performed until 2024.Results:Among 3377 participants,the average age was 45.0±12.5 years and 1809(53.6%)were women.Hypertension occurred in 825 individuals(25.0%),diabetes in 258(7.7%),hyperglycemia in 474(14.2%),and a CVD history in 100(3.0%).The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 logMAR in the recruited subjects.The average OCT signal index was 8.2±1.2.Additionally,the mean vessel densities for the entire measured area were 46.4%and 50.8%for the superficial and deep vascular complex,respectively.Mean area and perimeter of foveal avascular zone was 0.3 mm2 and 2.3 mm.Conclusions:The JECS is a large community-based prospective cohort in North China.Rich data collected from this study will provide the opportunity to identify risk factors,imaging,and biomarkers of visual impairment(either ocular vascular anomalies or optic nerve degeneration)and to evaluate their associations with CVD and neurological diseases.
