Background:Malaria remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania.However,its prevalence varies from area to area depending on various ecological,socio-economic and health system factors.This ...Background:Malaria remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania.However,its prevalence varies from area to area depending on various ecological,socio-economic and health system factors.This study was carried out to determine malaria prevalence and associated factors among rice farming communities in the Kilangali village of Kilosa District in Central Tanzania.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2015,involving randomly selected persons living in the six sub-villages of the Kilangali village,namely Mlegeni,Kisiwani,Makuruwili,Kwamtunga,Upogoroni and Chamwino.A finger prick blood sample was obtained for diagnosis of malaria infection using Giemsa-stained thick smears and a rapid malaria diagnostic test.Study participants were also screened for haemoglobin levels and a total of 570 children aged≤12 years of age were examined for spleen enlargement using the palpation method.Results:A total of 1154 persons were examined for malaria infection with mean age of 21.9±19.69 years.The overall malaria prevalence was 14.2%and 17.5%based on microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic test,respectively.Plasmodium falciparum accounted for the majority(89%)of the malaria infections.The overall geometrical mean parasite density was 20.5 parasites/μL(95%CI:14.6-28.8).Malaria prevalence and parasitaemia was highest among individuals living in the Mlegeni(23.9%)and Makuruwili(24.4%)sub-villages.Among the children examined for splenomegaly,2.98%(17/570)had it.The overall prevalence of anaemia was 34.6%.Malaria infection was associated with the age groups of 1-10 years(aOR=4.41,95%CI:1.96-9.93,P<0.001)and 11-20 years(aOR=6.68,95%CI:2.91-15.37,P<0.001);and mild anaemia(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.11-2.62,P<0.014)and moderate anaemia(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.01-2.39,P<0.045).Conclusions:Malaria was found at the study setting and its prevalence varied according to the demographic characteristics of the study participants and between sub-villages that are closely located.展开更多
Background:In recent years there have been reports of viral haemorrhagic fever(VHF)epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is endemic.VHF and malaria have overlapping clinical presentations making diferential di...Background:In recent years there have been reports of viral haemorrhagic fever(VHF)epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is endemic.VHF and malaria have overlapping clinical presentations making diferential diagno‑sis a challenge.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected zoonotic VHFs and malaria co-infections among febrile patients seeking health care in Tanzania.Methods:This facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June and November 2018 in Buhigwe,Kalambo,Kyela,Kilindi,Kinondoni,Kondoa,Mvomero,and Ukerewe districts in Tanzania.The study involved febrile patients seeking health care from primary healthcare facilities.Blood samples were collected and tested for infections due to malaria,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever(CCHF),Ebola virus disease(EVD),Marburg virus disease(MVD),Rift Valley fever(RVF)and yellow fever(YF).Malaria infections were tested using rapid diagnostics tests while exposure to VHFs was determined by screening for immunoglobulin M antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immuno‑sorbent assays.The Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions.Results:A total of 308 participants(mean age=35±19 years)were involved in the study.Of these,54(17.5%)had malaria infection and 15(4.8%)were positive for IgM antibodies against VHFs(RVF=8;CCHF=2;EBV=3;MBV=1;YF=1).Six(1.9%)individuals had both VHF(RVF=2;CCHF=1;EVD=2;MVD=1)and malaria infections.The highest co-infection prevalence(0.6%)was observed among individuals aged 46‒60 years(P<0.05).District was signifcantly associated with co-infection(P<0.05)with the highest prevalence recorded in Buhigwe(1.2%)followed by Kinondoni(0.9%)districts.Headache(100%)and muscle,bone,back and joint pains(83.3%)were the most signifcant complaints among those infected with both VHFs and malaria(P=0.001).Conclusions:Co-infections of VHF and malaria are prevalent in Tanzania and afect more the older than the younger population.Since the overlapping symptoms in co-infected individuals may challenge accurate diagnosis,adequate laboratory diagnosis should be emphasized in the management of febrile illnesses.展开更多
基金The study received financial support from the Grand Challenge Canada,Stars in Global Health,grant number 0677-01-10,however,its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the supporting officesThis paper is published with permission from the Director General,National Institute for Medical Research.
文摘Background:Malaria remains the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania.However,its prevalence varies from area to area depending on various ecological,socio-economic and health system factors.This study was carried out to determine malaria prevalence and associated factors among rice farming communities in the Kilangali village of Kilosa District in Central Tanzania.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2015,involving randomly selected persons living in the six sub-villages of the Kilangali village,namely Mlegeni,Kisiwani,Makuruwili,Kwamtunga,Upogoroni and Chamwino.A finger prick blood sample was obtained for diagnosis of malaria infection using Giemsa-stained thick smears and a rapid malaria diagnostic test.Study participants were also screened for haemoglobin levels and a total of 570 children aged≤12 years of age were examined for spleen enlargement using the palpation method.Results:A total of 1154 persons were examined for malaria infection with mean age of 21.9±19.69 years.The overall malaria prevalence was 14.2%and 17.5%based on microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic test,respectively.Plasmodium falciparum accounted for the majority(89%)of the malaria infections.The overall geometrical mean parasite density was 20.5 parasites/μL(95%CI:14.6-28.8).Malaria prevalence and parasitaemia was highest among individuals living in the Mlegeni(23.9%)and Makuruwili(24.4%)sub-villages.Among the children examined for splenomegaly,2.98%(17/570)had it.The overall prevalence of anaemia was 34.6%.Malaria infection was associated with the age groups of 1-10 years(aOR=4.41,95%CI:1.96-9.93,P<0.001)and 11-20 years(aOR=6.68,95%CI:2.91-15.37,P<0.001);and mild anaemia(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.11-2.62,P<0.014)and moderate anaemia(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.01-2.39,P<0.045).Conclusions:Malaria was found at the study setting and its prevalence varied according to the demographic characteristics of the study participants and between sub-villages that are closely located.
文摘Background:In recent years there have been reports of viral haemorrhagic fever(VHF)epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is endemic.VHF and malaria have overlapping clinical presentations making diferential diagno‑sis a challenge.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected zoonotic VHFs and malaria co-infections among febrile patients seeking health care in Tanzania.Methods:This facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out between June and November 2018 in Buhigwe,Kalambo,Kyela,Kilindi,Kinondoni,Kondoa,Mvomero,and Ukerewe districts in Tanzania.The study involved febrile patients seeking health care from primary healthcare facilities.Blood samples were collected and tested for infections due to malaria,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever(CCHF),Ebola virus disease(EVD),Marburg virus disease(MVD),Rift Valley fever(RVF)and yellow fever(YF).Malaria infections were tested using rapid diagnostics tests while exposure to VHFs was determined by screening for immunoglobulin M antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immuno‑sorbent assays.The Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions.Results:A total of 308 participants(mean age=35±19 years)were involved in the study.Of these,54(17.5%)had malaria infection and 15(4.8%)were positive for IgM antibodies against VHFs(RVF=8;CCHF=2;EBV=3;MBV=1;YF=1).Six(1.9%)individuals had both VHF(RVF=2;CCHF=1;EVD=2;MVD=1)and malaria infections.The highest co-infection prevalence(0.6%)was observed among individuals aged 46‒60 years(P<0.05).District was signifcantly associated with co-infection(P<0.05)with the highest prevalence recorded in Buhigwe(1.2%)followed by Kinondoni(0.9%)districts.Headache(100%)and muscle,bone,back and joint pains(83.3%)were the most signifcant complaints among those infected with both VHFs and malaria(P=0.001).Conclusions:Co-infections of VHF and malaria are prevalent in Tanzania and afect more the older than the younger population.Since the overlapping symptoms in co-infected individuals may challenge accurate diagnosis,adequate laboratory diagnosis should be emphasized in the management of febrile illnesses.
