Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy,gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis.Serum tumor markers and detection of occult blo...Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy,gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis.Serum tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers;however,these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low sensitivity.Considering that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems,is now clear that this-omics could open a new way to study cancer.In the last years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases’diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI cancers.For these reasons in this review,we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common cause of death in both males and females worldwide,shows a positive response to therapy and usually a better prognosis when detected at an early stage.However,th...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common cause of death in both males and females worldwide,shows a positive response to therapy and usually a better prognosis when detected at an early stage.However,the survival rate declines when the diagnosis is late and the tumor spreads to other organs.Currently,the measures widely used in the clinic are fecal occult blood test and evaluation of serum tumor markers,but the lack of sensitivity and specificity of these markers restricts their use for CRC diagnosis.Due to its high sensitivity and precision,colonoscopy is currently the gold-standard screening technique for CRC,but it is a costly and invasive procedure.Therefore,the implementation of custom-made methodologies including those with minimal invasiveness,protection,and reproducibility is highly desirable.With regard to other screening methods,the screening of fecal samples has several benefits,and metabolomics is a successful method to classify the metabolite shift in living systems as a reaction to pathophysiological influences,genetic modifications,and environmental factors.AIM To characterize the variation groups and potentially recognize some diagnostic markers,we compared with healthy controls(HCs)the fecal nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomic profiles of patients with CRC or adenomatous polyposis(AP).METHODS Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches,to define the fecal metabolic profiles of 32 CRC patients,16 AP patients,and 38 HCs well matched in age,sex,and body mass index.RESULTS NMR metabolomic analyses revealed that fecal sample profiles differed among CRC patients,AP patients,and HCs,and some discriminatory metabolites including acetate,butyrate,propionate,3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,valine,tyrosine and leucine were identified.CONCLUSION In conclusion,we are confident that our data can be a forerunner for future studies on CRC management,especially the diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments.展开更多
基金Supported by Foundation“Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze”,No.FCR 2017Italian Ministry of Health,Ricerca Finalizzata 2016,No.FR-2016-02361616。
文摘Despite recent progress in diagnosis and therapy,gastrointestinal(GI)cancers remain one of the most important causes of death with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis.Serum tumor markers and detection of occult blood in the stool are the current tests used in the clinic of GI cancers;however,these tests are not useful as diagnostic screening since they have low specificity and low sensitivity.Considering that one of the hallmarks of cancer is dysregulated metabolism and metabolomics is an optimal approach to illustrate the metabolic mechanisms that belong to living systems,is now clear that this-omics could open a new way to study cancer.In the last years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for diseases’diagnosis nevertheless a few studies focus on the NMR capability to find new biomarkers for early diagnosis of GI cancers.For these reasons in this review,we will give an update on the status of NMR metabolomic studies for the diagnosis and development of GI cancers using biological fluids.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC),the third most common cause of death in both males and females worldwide,shows a positive response to therapy and usually a better prognosis when detected at an early stage.However,the survival rate declines when the diagnosis is late and the tumor spreads to other organs.Currently,the measures widely used in the clinic are fecal occult blood test and evaluation of serum tumor markers,but the lack of sensitivity and specificity of these markers restricts their use for CRC diagnosis.Due to its high sensitivity and precision,colonoscopy is currently the gold-standard screening technique for CRC,but it is a costly and invasive procedure.Therefore,the implementation of custom-made methodologies including those with minimal invasiveness,protection,and reproducibility is highly desirable.With regard to other screening methods,the screening of fecal samples has several benefits,and metabolomics is a successful method to classify the metabolite shift in living systems as a reaction to pathophysiological influences,genetic modifications,and environmental factors.AIM To characterize the variation groups and potentially recognize some diagnostic markers,we compared with healthy controls(HCs)the fecal nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomic profiles of patients with CRC or adenomatous polyposis(AP).METHODS Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches,to define the fecal metabolic profiles of 32 CRC patients,16 AP patients,and 38 HCs well matched in age,sex,and body mass index.RESULTS NMR metabolomic analyses revealed that fecal sample profiles differed among CRC patients,AP patients,and HCs,and some discriminatory metabolites including acetate,butyrate,propionate,3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,valine,tyrosine and leucine were identified.CONCLUSION In conclusion,we are confident that our data can be a forerunner for future studies on CRC management,especially the diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments.
