提出了汽油机可变进气门相异升程机构方案,通过调整进气凸轮相异角改变两个进气门升程差产生涡流和调整涡流。计算表明当齿轮螺旋角增大、分度圆半径减小时,相异角增大;存在相异角时,两进气凸轮转角不同,转矩与液压平衡力也不同,进气持...提出了汽油机可变进气门相异升程机构方案,通过调整进气凸轮相异角改变两个进气门升程差产生涡流和调整涡流。计算表明当齿轮螺旋角增大、分度圆半径减小时,相异角增大;存在相异角时,两进气凸轮转角不同,转矩与液压平衡力也不同,进气持续期随相异角增大而增加。有限元分析结果显示该机构凸轮轴安全系数为2.04,最大等效应变为6.73× 10^-4 mm ,强度及刚度均符合要求,且不会发生共振。缸内稳流试验证实进气门相异升程能够产生大尺度涡流,并且进气流量几乎不变。当相异角为8°时涡流强度可达0.24,平均流量系数偏差仅为0.93%,滚流随相异角增加略有增强。相异升程汽油机性能试验表明适当的相异角会使中低速转矩提高2.94%,高速功率提高3.03%。展开更多
针对一种新型可变气门相异升程汽油机,分析其工作原理,采用Workbench软件的流体分析模块CFX建立仿真分析模型。以相异角、进气门座直径、进气终点压力和进气终点温度为主要参数,通过正交试验设计和仿真分析计算,得到了这些参数对缸内气...针对一种新型可变气门相异升程汽油机,分析其工作原理,采用Workbench软件的流体分析模块CFX建立仿真分析模型。以相异角、进气门座直径、进气终点压力和进气终点温度为主要参数,通过正交试验设计和仿真分析计算,得到了这些参数对缸内气体稳态流动特性的影响。为获得更好的稳态流动特性,利用综合分析法得到主要参数的最佳配置组合为:相异角为8°,进气门座直径为30 mm,进气终点压力为150.0 k Pa,进气终点温度为40℃,仿真分析结果表明,在最佳配置组合条件下缸内气体具有较好的稳态流动特性。展开更多
The cellular heterogeneous network(HetNet) with ultra dense small cells is called ultra cellular HetNet.The energy efficiency for this network is very important for future green wireless communications.The data rates ...The cellular heterogeneous network(HetNet) with ultra dense small cells is called ultra cellular HetNet.The energy efficiency for this network is very important for future green wireless communications.The data rates and power consumptions for three parts(i.e.,macro cells,small cells,and mixed backhaul links) in ultra cellular HetNet are jointly formulated to model downlink energy efficiency considering the active base stations(BSs) and inactive BSs.Then,in order to decrease the downlink co-channel interference,the interference price functions are also jointly set up for the three parts in ultra cellular HetNet.Next,energy efficiency optimization iterative algorithm scheme using the fractional programming and Lagrangian multiplier with constraints for density of ultra dense small cells and fraction of mixed backhaul links is presented with interference pricing.The convergence and computation complexity are also proved in this scheme.The numerical simulations finally demonstrate convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm.By comparison,some conclusion can be drawn.Maximizing energy efficiency of system is lower as the density of small cell is high.The effect on maximizing energy efficiency with interference price outperforms that without interference price.And the energy efficiency increases as the fraction of mixed backhaul links is higher because of more power consumption in the microwave backhaul links.展开更多
文摘提出了汽油机可变进气门相异升程机构方案,通过调整进气凸轮相异角改变两个进气门升程差产生涡流和调整涡流。计算表明当齿轮螺旋角增大、分度圆半径减小时,相异角增大;存在相异角时,两进气凸轮转角不同,转矩与液压平衡力也不同,进气持续期随相异角增大而增加。有限元分析结果显示该机构凸轮轴安全系数为2.04,最大等效应变为6.73× 10^-4 mm ,强度及刚度均符合要求,且不会发生共振。缸内稳流试验证实进气门相异升程能够产生大尺度涡流,并且进气流量几乎不变。当相异角为8°时涡流强度可达0.24,平均流量系数偏差仅为0.93%,滚流随相异角增加略有增强。相异升程汽油机性能试验表明适当的相异角会使中低速转矩提高2.94%,高速功率提高3.03%。
文摘针对一种新型可变气门相异升程汽油机,分析其工作原理,采用Workbench软件的流体分析模块CFX建立仿真分析模型。以相异角、进气门座直径、进气终点压力和进气终点温度为主要参数,通过正交试验设计和仿真分析计算,得到了这些参数对缸内气体稳态流动特性的影响。为获得更好的稳态流动特性,利用综合分析法得到主要参数的最佳配置组合为:相异角为8°,进气门座直径为30 mm,进气终点压力为150.0 k Pa,进气终点温度为40℃,仿真分析结果表明,在最佳配置组合条件下缸内气体具有较好的稳态流动特性。
基金supported by the Science Research Project of Higher Education of Ningxia(NGY2018013)the Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(2019AAC03072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61301145)
文摘The cellular heterogeneous network(HetNet) with ultra dense small cells is called ultra cellular HetNet.The energy efficiency for this network is very important for future green wireless communications.The data rates and power consumptions for three parts(i.e.,macro cells,small cells,and mixed backhaul links) in ultra cellular HetNet are jointly formulated to model downlink energy efficiency considering the active base stations(BSs) and inactive BSs.Then,in order to decrease the downlink co-channel interference,the interference price functions are also jointly set up for the three parts in ultra cellular HetNet.Next,energy efficiency optimization iterative algorithm scheme using the fractional programming and Lagrangian multiplier with constraints for density of ultra dense small cells and fraction of mixed backhaul links is presented with interference pricing.The convergence and computation complexity are also proved in this scheme.The numerical simulations finally demonstrate convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm.By comparison,some conclusion can be drawn.Maximizing energy efficiency of system is lower as the density of small cell is high.The effect on maximizing energy efficiency with interference price outperforms that without interference price.And the energy efficiency increases as the fraction of mixed backhaul links is higher because of more power consumption in the microwave backhaul links.