Does Industry-University-Research Cooperation Matter? An Analysis of Its Coupling Effect on Regional Innovation and Economic Development

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.

黄河流域耕地利用碳排放时空特征及影响因素研究

研究目的:揭示黄河流域耕地利用碳排放时空演变特征,并探究其影响因素,为“双碳”目标下把握区域碳排放变化规律、制定农业碳减排策略提供参考。研究方法:以黄河流域78个市域单元为研究对象,运用耕地利用碳排放核算、空间热点分析和时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR)等方法进行定量分析。研究结果:(1)2005—2020年黄河流域耕地利用碳排放量及排放强度的变化趋势呈明显的“倒U型”特征,这基本符合经济发展水平与环境污染程度之间的变化规律;(2)黄河流域耕地利用碳排放强度空间差异性明显并表现出显著的空间集聚特征,碳排放强度低值区主要集中于黄河流域中游及上游地区,高值区则位于下游地区的河南、山东两省;(3)农地的规模化经营、农作物种植结构“趋粮化”对黄河流域大部分地区的耕地利用碳排放强度具有抑制作用,而农村居民收入水平、农业发展水平、农业机械投入、复种程度、农业财政支持则表现为正向驱动,且各因素的影响效应具有显著的空间异质性。研究结论:黄河流域各区域之间的耕地利用碳排放差异显著,且驱动因素亦不相同,应结合区域实际情况制定差异化的耕地利用策略和碳减排措施。

河南省优势粮食作物生产空间布局研究

【目的】探究河南省优势粮食作物生产空间布局,确定粮食作物生产优劣分区,为优化河南省粮食生产的空间布局、调整粮食结构发展方向提供理论支持。【方法】基于2011—2020年粮食生产数据,利用重心模型、标准差椭圆研究河南省优势粮食作物生产格局变化,再借助比较优势指数法对水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆进行比较优势分析,通过比较优势指数对河南省18个市在粮食生产力和生产规模方面进行分析,从而确定优劣粮食产区。【结果】(1)水稻和玉米生产重心往东南方向迁移,小麦生产重心往西南方向迁移,大豆生产重心往西北方向迁移,优势粮食作物自北向南呈现出“小麦-玉米-大豆-水稻”的分布格局。水稻生产空间变化呈现向南集聚的趋势,小麦呈现向东南集聚的趋势,大豆呈现向西北集聚的趋势。(2)河南省优势粮食作物生产存在明显的比较优势差异。小麦生产具有明显的比较优势,水稻和大豆具有明显的比较劣势。(3)河南省水稻优势产区2个,小麦优势产区10个,玉米优势产区14个,大豆优势产区11个。【结论】在保证粮食作物播种面积不变的基础上还要通过加大粮食生产的投入力度来提高粮食作物单位面积产量,从而实现农业资源利用最大化;因地制宜,合理调整河南省各市粮食作物的种植结构和空间布局;结合自身优势完善农业政策,大力推进向优势产区集聚的发展模式。

Influencing Factors and Improvement Suggestions for Agricultural Green Development Performance:Empirical Insights from China

Agricultural green development is an essential direction for global sustainable agriculture.The academic literature,however,needs to place greater emphasis on studying the factors influencing agricultural green development performance and how such performance can be improved.A theoretical framework for agricultural green development performance was constructed in this paper using the Super-SBM model,which considers undesirable outputs,to measure the agricultural green development performance of 330 cities at or above the prefecture level in China(excluding Tibet Autonomous Region,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China)from 2007 to2018.Furthermore,the influencing mechanism of agricultural green development performance was then analyzed using a spatial econometric model.The results show that:1)from 2007 to 2018,China’s agricultural green development performance experienced three stages of evolution:‘rise,decline and rise’.2)The regions with high performance agricultural green development are mainly distributed in eastern China,northeastern China,and southern Qinghai Province.3)The agricultural economic level,industrialization process,and labor quality play significant roles in promoting local agricultural green development performance,while such performance is obviously inhibited by the openness level and the government’s environmental regulations.Local agricultural green development performance is significant inhibited by the agricultural economic level and accelerated industrialization process in neighboring cities,while significantly promoted by the agricultural industrial structure in neighboring cities.Some suggestions for improving agricultural green development performance are proposed based on these research results,which can provide scientific references for promoting sustainable agriculture.

高龄高危前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺柱状水囊扩开术的护理

目的总结高龄高危前列腺增生患者实施经尿道柱状水囊前列腺扩开术(transurethral columnar balloon dilation of the prostate,TUCBDP)的护理要点,为该类患者提供护理实践经验。方法对2018年4月至8月收治的25例高龄高危前列腺增生患者实施TUCBDP。术前对患者做好心理护理,术前准备及风险评估,术中做好体位、保温、皮肤及并发症的观察和护理。结果25例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30~50min,平均(40.3±8.7)min,术中出血量50~90mL,平均(72.5±15.5)mL。手术过程中出现体温下降1例,术中出血2例,寒战1例,膀胱痉挛1例,经对症治疗护理后均全部缓解。术后随访1~8个月,所有患者均排尿通畅。结论对高龄、高危患者术前应做好术前准备,术中做好病情观察、并发症的防范,其可促进患者顺利完成手术,减低患者手术风险。

中国区域创新能力与经济发展水平的耦合协调分析

采用协整检验和耦合协调模型方法,分析不同尺度区域创新能力与经济发展水平耦合协调状况的时空演化及差异规律。结果表明：（1）中国区域创新能力与经济发展水平具有长期稳定而短期跳跃性,区域创新并不必然带来经济发展。（2）2005-2014年间,两者动态的耦合协调程度具有尺度敏感性且在地级尺度上偏低,但正逐步改善,区域差异随尺度的缩小而增大。（3）耦合协调高值区在省级层面分布在北京、上海、广东等沿海省份,地级层面分布除沿海城市外,还有内陆省会城市及其周边城市,分布由分散逐渐集聚,宏观上已经形成＂沿海-腹地＂型大创新-经济合作区。

基于三螺旋理论的中国农业政产学研合作创新网络及其影响因素

农业科技创新是农业发展进步的基础,政产学研间的合作创新是农业创新的主要模式并能更有效地推动农业科技在人才培养、技术研发和经济增益三方的联动发展.然而目前学术界对农业领域的政产学研合作创新研究较少.基于三螺旋理论,利用中国农业科技31年的专利数据,来探讨城市尺度农业政产学研机构间合作创新的网络特征及其演化机理.研究表明:①虽然中国农业科技创新水平大幅提高,但合作创新网络发育程度不高.企业是合作创新中最活跃的创新主体,一些创新团队已经形成明显的创新极,但以政府为主导的混成组织在合作创新网络中参与度很低.②网络结构正由单螺旋向双螺旋阶段演化,而三螺旋阶段的到来还较遥远.科研方机构与产业方机构的合作是最基本最有效的形式,合作创新网络结构呈现极化趋势.③各螺旋主体之间功能的互补和知识溢出的正外部性是决定政产学研合作创新网络不断发育的内在因素,而市场拉动和政府驱动是决定三螺旋各自得以发挥作用的外部关键因素.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

Relationships and Evolving Networks of Rural Manufacturing Clusters: A Case Study in Yucheng County, Henan Province of China

The evolution of networks in rural industrial clusters,in particular in the context of China has been paid more attention to in the world.Applying the theory and techniques of social network analysis (SNA),this study is with particular regard to the business network relationships and their evolutionary dynamics of steel measuring tape manufacturing clustered in Nanzhuang Village,Yucheng County of Henan Province,China,which is important for better understanding the industrial and regional development in less developed rural areas.From data collected by comprehensive questionnaire survey in 2002 and mass interviews with 60 enterprises and assembling families and several government authorities in 2002,2003,2004,2005 and 2008,four types of networks are identified: spin-off,consulting,communication and cooperative.The characteristic of these networks is outlined in detail.Compared with the high-tech clusters of typical developed areas,the networks that have evolved in traditional manufacturing clusters are more affected by emotive linkages.The cluster networks are shown to exhibit a polycentric hierarchical structure.The family relationships are the dominate spin-off channels of enterprises,while the supply and demand relationships and the mobility of the skilled workers are also important paths of network learning,and the cooperation relationships are comparatively stable.Besides the root enterprises,the middle-sized enterprises are comparatively more active than small-sized enterprises,and the intermediary agencies and the service institutions act as bridges of the inter-enterprises cooperation.By analysis of the structure of networks and the interactions between the networks,the four stages of network evolution are also identified.The four stages are dominated by the family networks,the internal division production networks,the local innovation networks and the global supply networks respectively,and they play different roles in cluster development.

Evaluation and Influence Factor of Green Efficiency of China’s Agricultural Innovation from the Perspective of Technical Transformation

Agricultural innovation is important for the green transformation of agriculture.Based on the perspective of technology transformation,this paper builds a theoretical analysis framework and evaluation index system for green efficiency of agricultural innovation,and discusses the evolution laws and influencing factors of the green efficiency of China’s agricultural innovation from 2005 to 2017 utilizing the DEA model,Malmquist index,and Tobit regression analysis.The results show that:1)The overall green efficiency of China’s agricultural innovation is not high,the green efficiency of agricultural innovation in eastern China is mainly driven by pure technical efficiency,while that in central and western China is mainly driven by the scale efficiency.The green efficiency of agricultural innovation shows significant spatial differences,and the low efficiency and relatively low-efficiency regions moved to central and southeastern China.2)Technical progress is the main force affecting the change of green total factor productivity of China’s agricultural innovation,seeing a trend of decrease followed by an increase.Pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency exhibit an increasing-decreasing trend,and gradually transform into key factors that restrict the improvement of the green total factor productivity of agricultural innovation.3)Agricultural technologies’diffusion,absorption,and implementation are three influencing factors of the green efficiency of agricultural innovation.The local level of informatization,the number of agricultural technicians in enterprises and institutions,average education level of residents,and the level of agricultural mechanization have positive impacts on the promotion of the green efficiency of agricultural innovation,promoting the diffusion,absorption and implementation of agricultural innovation technology can significantly improve the green efficiency of agricultural innovation.

Study on the Distribution of Migrant Workers＇ Employment Destinations A Case Study of Henan Province, China

The choice of employment destination is the basis of migrant workers＇ spatial flow, the study on the choice of employment destination is helpful to understand the spatial law of migrant workers＇ flow from a micro perspective. Through the case study on 11 sample villages generated by the random stratified sampling in Henan Province, authors of this paper find that the distribution of destinations is dispersed in a large area while concentrated in certain places. Most of the destinations are in counties and outside Henan Province. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the economically more developed eastern provinces. The central, though a big source of migrant workers, has not formed a core employment area for migrant workers. The main factors influencing migrant workers＇ choice of employment distances include age, family size, per capita arable land, the village＇s economic development level, the village terrain, transportation, its distance from the nearest city, and workers＇ relationship networks. From the perspective of employment destinations, on a provincial scale, the employment attraction coefficient based on the destination＇s level of economic development and the employment distance, efficiently explains farmers＇ choice of destinations, that is, destinations with a more developed economy and a shorter employment distance are the top choice for migrant workers.

中国粮食作物种业企业空间格局及其影响因素

文章基于中国4119家粮食作物种业企业数据,采用最近邻指数、核密度估计、空间热点分析及Tobit回归分析等方法,探究了中国粮食作物种业企业的空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)中国粮食作物种业企业总体呈现出“东多西少—低密高疏—区域差异显著—集聚特征明显”的空间分布格局。(2)总体样本企业及分类作物种业企业密度空间表现出“异质性—多核心”特征,冷热点区集中连片且分层明显。(3)中国粮食作物种业企业的空间分布主要受产业基础、城市综合实力和技术因素的影响,且深度依赖于地形、气温和降水等自然条件。(4)在多种因素的共同作用下,中国粮食作物种业企业主要分布于农业资源丰富、农业产业优势明显、自然条件适宜的粮食主产地,综合实力强、规模等级高的直辖市和省会城市,以及创新要素集聚效应突出、创新产出规模优势明显、交通条件便利的地区。

旅游专业村农户的旅游业发展现状感知及参与决策研究——以河南省郭亮村、南坪村和水磨村为例

乡村旅游是实现乡村振兴重要途径之一,其中农户参与是关键,而农户的参与决策受制于自身感知.以河南省万仙山景区3个旅游专业村为例,采用半结构式问卷调查数据,运用SEM模型,探讨了农户对当地旅游业发展状况的感知与其参与决策间的关系.得出如下结论:(1)农户支持景区发展的意愿深刻影响其参与乡村旅游活动的决策,影响系数为0.28;(2)农户对景区内旅游产品或项目状况的感知、旅游经济收入状况感知、旅游开发过程中环保状况的感知,直接影响其参与旅游活动的决策,影响系数分别为0.053、0.128和0.023;(3)在众多影响因素中,政策环境(景区管理体制)对农户参与乡村旅游活动的决策影响最大,影响系数高达0.54.和以往研究不同的是,农户决策方案具有一致性,几乎不受个体特征影响.基于研究结论,就如何调动农户参与旅游经济活动的积极性给出了政策性建议.

国内外农业产业集群研究进展——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

以WOS、CNKI数据库中的相关文献为研究对象,探究国内外农业产业集群领域文献时空分布情况,并对国内外研究的热点演进与发展前沿进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)国际农业产业集群研究自2000年开始逐步兴起,研究数量呈逐渐增加趋势,但2017年以后有所下滑。相比国外来说,国内研究文献作者和机构之间严重缺乏交流合作。(2)国外研究以农业综合企业、绩效、创新、网络、农业、模型等关键词为主线,热点内容大致分为案例研究、绩效评估、动态网络、农业综合企业、农业转型五个方面。研究热点演化进程分为起步探索阶段和高速发展阶段,研究领域广泛且分散,呈现以人为本和重视案例研究、定量研究的特点。(3)国内研究以现代农业、特色农业、竞争力、动力机制、新农村建设、中国、河南省、农业虚拟产业集群、龙头企业、发展模式等关键词为主线,分为起步探索阶段、快速发展阶段和深入发展阶段,热点内容包括农业产业化、运作模式与发展对策、现代农业、互联网+农业、政府作用及政策环境五个方面,研究视角、研究范围、研究层面、研究选题等都在逐步深化完善。

河南省花生种植地理集聚特征及影响因素分析

河南省是我国最大的花生种植基地,研究河南省花生种植地理集聚特征及其影响因素对优化和调整农业空间结构、促进农民增收和花生产业的可持续发展具有重要意义.基于2010-2018年中国和河南省花生种植数据,使用区位商、区位基尼系数、重心移动模型、全局和局部空间自相关指数探讨河南省花生种植发展的时空变化特征,并运用地理探测器模型对其影响因素进行分析.结果表明,河南省花生种植面积从2010-2018年间持续增加,且种植面积稳居全国第1,专业化集聚水平自2016年起均高于全国其他地区,其主导地位不断增强;花生种植区域特征比较明显,豫南花生种植地区主导着河南省花生种植业的变化;花生种植重心呈现出向西南方向移动趋势;花生种植的集聚水平自2010年呈缓慢增加趋势,高-高集聚区逐渐在驻马店的正阳县以及南阳的唐河县等县域周边集聚,低-低集聚区数量在中部地区有所增加,高-低集聚和低-高集聚区变化不大;化肥施用量、花生单产、第一产业从业人员和农用机械总动力对花生种植面积的影响程度不断加深.研究结果可以为花生种植结构调整提供参考依据.

2022年中华人民共和国社会史研究述评

2022年中华人民共和国社会史研究热度持续,有许多突破性进展:以新时代、共同富裕为对象的研究成果不断增加;以社会史为视角考察政治、经济、文化等领域的研究成果日益凸显;以社会治理为研究重点的中国式现代化研究成果极为丰富;城乡关系史、医疗社会史、体育史、性别史等领域涌现出了大批创新性研究成果。作为新兴学科,中华人民共和国社会史研究还存在一些薄弱环节,城市史等初创领域还存在系统性不足的问题。未来,学界应继续深入总结中国社会建设经验,阐释社会治理现代化的中国道路,讲好中国民生发展的动人故事,更好地服务于党和国家工作大局。

农业结构调整与中国乡村转型发展--以河南省巩义市和鄢陵县为例

农业转型升级是中国乡村转型发展的主要引擎。而规模化、专业化生产是国际农业转型升级的方向。本文以两个不同乡村转型道路的典型县域(工业化转型的巩义市和农业现代化转型的鄢陵县)为例,利用区位熵、结构变化指数和专业化指数,在乡镇尺度深入分析新世纪以来乡村经济转型发展背景下乡村农业结构调整状况,以及由此带来的乡村景观再造。主要结论为:(1)基于市场需求的农业结构调整与乡村转型之间的相互作用是农产品提质增效倒逼耕地利用方式的现代化转变,并引致乡村景观的多功能再造。未来中国农业的转型方向将是规模化大宗农业与专业化精细农业并存;(2)无论是乡镇的非农化转型还是农业现代化转型,均可带来乡镇耕地的规模化、专业化利用以及农业内部的结构调整,并引致乡村的进一步转型。工业转型县农业结构以粮食作物为主要调整方向,农业现代化转型县以粮食和特色农作物为主要调整方向,并形成了特色专业村或产业集群;(3)农业结构调整方向更加与自然条件和资源禀赋相匹配,空间配置更加合理。

基于技术经济范式的黄河流域农业文明演进

找出推动文明演进的内在核心要素是大力推进新时期生态文明建设的关键。本文从技术经济范式变革的视角构建了一个"技术—组织—环境"的分析框架,探讨了黄河流域农业文明的演进过程与内在机理。研究表明:①农业技术经济范式的变革是农业文明演进的根本动力,它包括以人为主体的农业通用技术的革命,生产组织方式的变化以及农业地理环境的变迁;②黄河流域农业文明的演进呈现明显的阶段性,可划分为新石器时代木石锄耕农业文明、青铜时代金属器锄耕农业文明、铁器时代精耕细作农业文明、机器时代工业化农业文明和计算机时代信息生态农业文明五个阶段;③农业文明的演进呈螺旋式上升,其形态的演变是农业技术经济范式三组分及其带来的生产力和生产关系之间协同创新和协同演化的结果;④促进技术经济范式的绿色化转型是生态文明建设的关键内核。建设以绿色信息技术为核心的资源节约、环境友好的信息生态农业文明将是未来农业文明的发展方向。

衍生、集群形成与乡村空间重构——以河南省兰考县民族乐器产业集群为例

在传统农区形成特色产业集群和特色小镇,是乡村振兴的有效途径。而衍生在集群形成和空间生产过程中起重要作用。以河南省兰考县民族乐器产业集群为例,基于实地调查,利用社会网络分析法以及ArcGIS的空间表达来探究农区产业集群是如何在企业衍生作用下形成,并促进乡村空间重构的。结果表明:①初创企业依托当地资源优势打开了发展某种特色产业的机会窗口,它们将创新技术通过各种衍生路径就近传播,衍生出新的企业和机构,它们共处一地且彼此竞争又合作,从而形成特色产业集群;②衍生的空间邻近性和功能多样性,催生新产业空间的形成和传统农区的就地城镇化,政府的介入加速乡村空间重构;③兰考民族乐器产业集群在师徒衍生、企业裂变衍生、家族衍生、外包衍生和市场衍生的共同作用下形成,经过民族乐器产业空间的生成和功能的完备形成特色小镇。在精准扶贫和乡村振兴的战略机遇下,传统农区依托当地资源优势,抓住发展特色产业的机遇,并利用企业衍生机制和集群的自增强机制,就地城镇化形成特色小镇,这可以作为传统农区实现乡村振兴和脱贫攻坚的"集群模式"。

基于产业集群发展的中部传统平原农区乡村振兴模式与实现路径

在全球乡村面临衰退的背景下,探讨乡村振兴的实现模式具有重要意义。文章在总结国内外农区发展理论出现争论的基础上,从产业兴旺和集群发展的视角,分析了中国中部传统平原农区乡村振兴的模式与实现路径。研究表明:农区产业集群可以有效化解当前国际上农区发展理论中关于内力驱动与外力驱动、多样化与专业化的争论,是乡村振兴的有力抓手。基于区域产业发展的三个维度,即专业化程度、空间集聚性和组织厚度,可以将乡村振兴模式划分为五种模式,在空间上体现了不同乡村发展高地的实体马赛克,在时间上又恰好耦合了一个产业集群的动态发展规律。因此要在中部传统平原农区实施乡村振兴的“集群”战略,可以从促进农区的产业集聚开始,通过培育专业村和产业集群、走精明专业化发展道路,来促进集群区域成为本地的“乡村创新极”,带动全域实现乡村振兴。