下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送...下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送神经元投射的神经元类型和分布,探究中枢神经元及神经环路调节能量稳态的形态学基础。首先通过报告基因和逆行示踪识别囊泡型谷氨酸转运体2(vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGlut2)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase, ERK)神经元,顺行示踪试验拓展VGlut2神经元发送神经支配的大脑区域。化学遗传技术验证VGlut2免疫阳性神经元的体重和采食调控作用。结果显示:LC^(VGlut2::ERK)神经元向IBAT发送密集的神经支配信号。ERK免疫阳性神经元富集表达在LC,可作为LC特异性标记物。LC^(VGlut2)神经元向纹状体(neurons project to the striatum, CPu)、第二运动皮层(secondary motor cortex, M2)、下丘脑腹内侧核(ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VMH)和迷走神经背核(dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, DMV)发送神经元投射。化学遗传激活LC^(VGlut2)神经元显著降低小鼠体重(P=0.016 5)和采食(P=0.029 0)。综上,LC^(VGlut2)神经元参与小鼠的体重调节过程。鉴定除下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, PVN)以外的谷氨酸能神经元及调节体重的下游神经环路,将进一步加深对于摄食行为和摄食过程中神经调控机制的了解,为研究和干预肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。展开更多
The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet(GrIS)plays a crucial role in global sea level change.Since the 1960s,remote sensing missions have been providing extensive and continuous observation data for change monitor...The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet(GrIS)plays a crucial role in global sea level change.Since the 1960s,remote sensing missions have been providing extensive and continuous observation data for change monitoring of the GrIS.In this paper,we present our recent research results from remote sensing-based GrIS change monitoring.First,historical satellite data are processed and used to fill data gaps and are combined with existing partial maps,completing an ice velocity map of the GrIS from the 1960s to 1980s.This map provides valuable data for estimating the historical mass balance of Greenland.Second,the monthly gravimetry-based mass balance of the GrIS from 2002 to 2020 is estimated by combining Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)and GRACE Follow On(GRACE-FO)data.It is found that the GrIS has lost a total mass of approximately 4443±75 Gt during this period.Third,based on Global Land Ice Measurements from Space(GLIMS),an updated Greenland glacier inventory is achieved utilizing data collected between 2006 and 2020.This inventory provides more detailed and up-to-data glacier boundaries of Greenland.Overall,these advances provide essential data support for estimating the mass balance of the GrIS,contributing to the advancement of research on global sea level change.展开更多
正交时序复用(Orthogonal Time Sequency Multiplexing,OTSM)通过级联时分和沃尔什-哈达玛(WHT)复用将信息符号在时延和序列域进行复用。由于WHT在调制解调过程不需要进行复杂的乘法运算,相比于正交时频空(OTFS)调制有更低的调制复杂度...正交时序复用(Orthogonal Time Sequency Multiplexing,OTSM)通过级联时分和沃尔什-哈达玛(WHT)复用将信息符号在时延和序列域进行复用。由于WHT在调制解调过程不需要进行复杂的乘法运算,相比于正交时频空(OTFS)调制有更低的调制复杂度。该文针对高速移动环境下的OTSM系统提出了一种二级均衡器:首先利用信道矩阵的稀疏性和带状结构在时域逐块进行低复杂度MMSE检测;随后采用高斯-赛德尔(GS)迭代检测进一步消除残余符号干扰。仿真结果表明,所提算法与基于单抽头频域均衡的GS迭代检测算法相比,采用16QAM调制且误码率为10–4时有1.8 dB性能增益。展开更多
文章采用密度泛函理论方法,研究二维MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)(X=S、Se)异质结的电子结构和光学性能。能带结构和态密度分析发现,MoSe_(2)/MgPSe_(3)和MoSSe/MgPSe_(3)_Ⅱ具有显著的Ⅱ型能带结构,并且该异质结的导带底(conduction band minimum...文章采用密度泛函理论方法,研究二维MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)(X=S、Se)异质结的电子结构和光学性能。能带结构和态密度分析发现,MoSe_(2)/MgPSe_(3)和MoSSe/MgPSe_(3)_Ⅱ具有显著的Ⅱ型能带结构,并且该异质结的导带底(conduction band minimum,CBM)和价带顶(valence band maximum,VBM)分别在水的氧化还原电势(-4.44、-5.67 eV)两侧,该能带结构有利于该材料在光催化析氢方面的应用。通过对MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)施加均一的双轴应力,发现双轴应变对MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)的带隙有明显的线性调控作用,线性调控作用在压变传感方面有应用价值。光吸收系数的计算发现,MoSSe/MgPSe_(3)在紫外光区域的吸收强度相比较单独的MgPSe_(3)和MoX_(2)有显著的提高,说明异质结对于改善材料的光学性能具有重要作用。展开更多
文摘下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送神经元投射的神经元类型和分布,探究中枢神经元及神经环路调节能量稳态的形态学基础。首先通过报告基因和逆行示踪识别囊泡型谷氨酸转运体2(vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGlut2)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase, ERK)神经元,顺行示踪试验拓展VGlut2神经元发送神经支配的大脑区域。化学遗传技术验证VGlut2免疫阳性神经元的体重和采食调控作用。结果显示:LC^(VGlut2::ERK)神经元向IBAT发送密集的神经支配信号。ERK免疫阳性神经元富集表达在LC,可作为LC特异性标记物。LC^(VGlut2)神经元向纹状体(neurons project to the striatum, CPu)、第二运动皮层(secondary motor cortex, M2)、下丘脑腹内侧核(ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VMH)和迷走神经背核(dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, DMV)发送神经元投射。化学遗传激活LC^(VGlut2)神经元显著降低小鼠体重(P=0.016 5)和采食(P=0.029 0)。综上,LC^(VGlut2)神经元参与小鼠的体重调节过程。鉴定除下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, PVN)以外的谷氨酸能神经元及调节体重的下游神经环路,将进一步加深对于摄食行为和摄食过程中神经调控机制的了解,为研究和干预肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。
文摘The mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet(GrIS)plays a crucial role in global sea level change.Since the 1960s,remote sensing missions have been providing extensive and continuous observation data for change monitoring of the GrIS.In this paper,we present our recent research results from remote sensing-based GrIS change monitoring.First,historical satellite data are processed and used to fill data gaps and are combined with existing partial maps,completing an ice velocity map of the GrIS from the 1960s to 1980s.This map provides valuable data for estimating the historical mass balance of Greenland.Second,the monthly gravimetry-based mass balance of the GrIS from 2002 to 2020 is estimated by combining Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)and GRACE Follow On(GRACE-FO)data.It is found that the GrIS has lost a total mass of approximately 4443±75 Gt during this period.Third,based on Global Land Ice Measurements from Space(GLIMS),an updated Greenland glacier inventory is achieved utilizing data collected between 2006 and 2020.This inventory provides more detailed and up-to-data glacier boundaries of Greenland.Overall,these advances provide essential data support for estimating the mass balance of the GrIS,contributing to the advancement of research on global sea level change.
文摘正交时序复用(Orthogonal Time Sequency Multiplexing,OTSM)通过级联时分和沃尔什-哈达玛(WHT)复用将信息符号在时延和序列域进行复用。由于WHT在调制解调过程不需要进行复杂的乘法运算,相比于正交时频空(OTFS)调制有更低的调制复杂度。该文针对高速移动环境下的OTSM系统提出了一种二级均衡器:首先利用信道矩阵的稀疏性和带状结构在时域逐块进行低复杂度MMSE检测;随后采用高斯-赛德尔(GS)迭代检测进一步消除残余符号干扰。仿真结果表明,所提算法与基于单抽头频域均衡的GS迭代检测算法相比,采用16QAM调制且误码率为10–4时有1.8 dB性能增益。
文摘文章采用密度泛函理论方法,研究二维MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)(X=S、Se)异质结的电子结构和光学性能。能带结构和态密度分析发现,MoSe_(2)/MgPSe_(3)和MoSSe/MgPSe_(3)_Ⅱ具有显著的Ⅱ型能带结构,并且该异质结的导带底(conduction band minimum,CBM)和价带顶(valence band maximum,VBM)分别在水的氧化还原电势(-4.44、-5.67 eV)两侧,该能带结构有利于该材料在光催化析氢方面的应用。通过对MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)施加均一的双轴应力,发现双轴应变对MoX_(2)/MgPSe_(3)的带隙有明显的线性调控作用,线性调控作用在压变传感方面有应用价值。光吸收系数的计算发现,MoSSe/MgPSe_(3)在紫外光区域的吸收强度相比较单独的MgPSe_(3)和MoX_(2)有显著的提高,说明异质结对于改善材料的光学性能具有重要作用。
