Cell Breathing Scheme for Mega-Constellation Satellite Networks

Low earth orbit(LEO)mega-constellations can provide global low-latency high bandwidth coverage compared to the terrestrial network.The time-varying topology of satellite networks and the uneven traffic distribution lead to the mismatch between satellites and users,resulting in the waste of satellite resources and the degradation of user performance.Through negotiation with neighbors,the traditional terrestrial cell breathing continuously converges to the optimal cell size in the face of user tides,but this method is difficult to converge timely when facing rapid and extreme flow changes caused by the rapid movement of satellites.This paper presents a fast adaptive cell breathing scheme(Fa B)through sub-block division and satellite cell initialization and adjustment.Fa B divides the ground into sub-blocks according to the user density.When the satellite moves in the same sub-block,the step size of breathing is adjusted according to the cell size difference between the previous satellite and the current satellite.When the satellite switches between different sub-blocks,the initial value of the cell is determined according to the density of the new sub-block.In addition to negotiating with neighboring satellites,this scheme also introduces location information to directly adjust the parameters of cell breathing and decrease the time of cell breathing convergence.From the real constellation data-driven simulation,we conclude that Fa B can quickly adjust the size of the cell with the location changing,and the utilization rate is increased by 2.66 times compared to the method with no cell breathing,and by2.37 times compared to the method with cell breathing without location information.

基于位置的天地一体化网络路由寻址机制研究

针对卫星高速移动导致的卫星网络内部及与地面网络间的连接关系不断变化的问题,提出了一种基于位置的天地一体化网络路由寻址机制——LA-ISTN。用户的IP地址携带其地理位置信息,在星间路由时,基于位置信息计算得到的路由方位选择最优的转发接口。仿真结果表明,相对于快照协议和OSPF路由协议,LA-ISTN显著降低了星上路由表存储开销,没有路由更新包交换开销和邻居通信开销;星上路由不依赖预测的链路连接关系,稳健性强,可保证网络时刻可用。

天地一体化信息网络域间协议实验平台

域间协议是快速实现天地一体化信息网络中各类卫星系统及天地异构网络间互联的关键。然而,天地一体化信息网络的天、地网络拓扑的极大差异性使直接部署现有域间协议可能面临性能问题。为验证域间协议的工作性能,设计了一种天地一体化信息网络协议验证平台,采用虚拟网络技术高效模拟大规模、高动态的空间网络以及现有地面网络。实验结果显示,随着空间网络的拓扑规模和地面网络的路由表规模增加,天、地网络间的互联效率变得非常低。

DetSpace:Distributed Congestion Free Routing for Global Deterministic Network in Mega-Constellations

Emerging long-range industrial IoT applications(e.g.,remote patient monitoring)have increasingly higher requirements for global deterministic delay.Although many existing methods have built deterministic networks in small-scale networks through centralized computing and resource reservation,they cannot be applied on a global scale.The emerging mega-constellations enable new opportunities for realizing deterministic delay globally.As one constellation(e.g.,Starlink)might be managed by a single operator(e.g.,SpaceX),packets can be routed within deterministic number of hops.Moreover,the path diversity brought by the highly symmetrical network structure in mega-constellations can help to construct a congestion free network by routing.This paper leverages these unique characteristics of mega-constellations to avoid the traditional network congestion caused by multiple inputs and single output,and to determine the routing hops,and thus realizing a global deterministic network(DETSPACE).The model based on the 2D Markov chain theoretically verifies the correctness of DETSPACE.The effectiveness of DETSPACE in different traffic load con-ditions is also verified by extensive simulations.

基于链路通断预测的飞行器多路径传输优化

为各类飞行器提供互联网接入的主要技术方案可以分为卫星通信和地空宽带2种。当飞行器处于两者的重叠覆盖区域,采用多路径进行数据通信将有可能极大改善传输性能。针对上述飞行器多接入场景,该文提出了一种多路径传输优化方案DMPTCP(dynamic multipath transmission control protocol)。针对链路通断情况发现缓慢、数据分配效率低的问题,结合飞行轨迹可预测的特点,设计了一种基于链路通断状态预测的数据分配算法;并针对链路时延和丢包率差异大所导致的接收方乱序情况严重的问题,通过接收方同时在多条子流回复连接层否定确认信息,使得发送方能够快速获得接收方总体乱序情况并对丢包进行重传。仿真实验表明:DMPTCP在聚合带宽和接收方总体乱序情况两方面均明显优于现有多路径传输机制。

未来网络典型应用场景设计与需求分析

如何更好地让技术服务于社会,创造更大的价值是个复杂的问题。这个问题的解决不能单纯依靠技术攻关,更需要综合社会、经济、文化等因素,审慎确定技术发展的方向。为了能更合理地设定技术研发路线,通过具有前瞻性的应用场景设计来进行深入的研判和分析是一种非常重要的方法。本文基于网络技术发展趋势的分析,运用设计的工具和手段,对未来网络应用场景进行建构,力求在"真实"和"具体"的场景构建中寻找更具实际意义的设计思路,归纳对未来网络技术的需求,分析设计的机会和技术发展的可能性。

天地一体化信息网络域间路由协议NTD-BGP

天地一体化信息网络是中国'科技创新2030'的重要项目,也是未来互联网发展的重点方向。域间路由协议是实现天地一体化信息网络中各类卫星网络与现有地面网络有效融合的关键,然而,卫星网络具有网络拓扑高动态的特性,使得现有域间路由协议的部署面临巨大挑战。该文在现有普遍应用的域间路由协议BGP(border gateway protocol)的基础上,提出了一种网络拓扑解耦的边界网关协议NTDBGP。NTD-BGP引入独立于物理拓扑变化的域间邻居发现机制和主动路由更新模块,结合卫星运动的可预测特性,解耦网络拓扑与域间邻居关系和路由更新之间的映射关系,实现低开销、高稳定的域间路由。试验结果表明:NTDBGP在维持域间邻居关系、减少路由更新时间以及保持网络稳定性等方面明显优于传统BGP。