基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer分析fMRI在认知功能研究中的应用

目的了解功能磁共振成像(Function Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI)在认知功能领域的研究进展、热点趋势以及未来发展方向。方法检索2012—2022年CNKI和Web of Science数据库中关于fMRI在认知功能研究中应用的中英文文献。借助CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件对发文的国家、作者合作关系、发文机构、被引频次和关键词进行可视化分析。结果CNKI文献纳入研究1220篇,发文量逐年增长,合作团体较少,机构内部合作紧密,发文量最高的机构是首都医科大学宣武医院;关键词“低频振幅”“功能连接”出现的频次较高,研究集中于糖尿病、抑郁症、痴呆等疾病,主要关注注意力、记忆、短时记忆、执行功能等认知功能。Web of Science文献纳入研究10056篇,文献中作者形成多个合作团体,团体之间合作紧密,发文量最高的机构是Harvard Medical School,关键词“functional connectivity”“brain network”“default mode network”等出现频次较高,研究集中于阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍等疾病,主要关注注意力、工作记忆、情景记忆以及执行功能。结论中文和英文文献中对于fMRI在认知功能中的研究热度保持稳定,已对多种疾病展开认知功能研究。

铜绿假单胞菌Gxun-2产铁载体发酵条件优化及其抑菌效果

鉴定铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)Gxun-2分泌铁载体类型,确定其最佳发酵工艺条件,同时考察铁载体发酵液对植物病原菌拮抗效果,为该菌株在农业中的应用提供理论依据。本试验先用铬天青(chrome azurol sulfonate,CAS)平板和全波段紫外光吸收法对P.aeruginosa Gxun-2产铁载体进行定性和定量分析,进一步通过单因素、Plackett-Burman及正交试验相结合的方法对其产铁载体培养基及培养条件进行了优化,最后利用平板对峙法测定产铁载体发酵液对香蕉枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,FOC)的拮抗效果。结果表明,菌株Gxun-2所产铁载体类型为异羟肟酸型,确定产铁载体最佳发酵工艺为:琥珀酸钠2 g/L、甘油10 g/L、硫酸铵1 g/L,初始pH6.8、温度35℃、接种量1%(v/v)、装液量140 mL/250 mL;在此条件下,菌株Gxun-2产铁载体活性单位(Su)达到81.20%±0.24%,较优化前提高了82.84%±0.82%,对FOC的抑菌率达70.60%±1.87%,较优化前提高了52.68%±4.23%。

清热散结胶囊对流行性角结膜炎患者视力、泪膜稳定性及泪液蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨清热散结胶囊对流行性角结膜炎患者视力、泪膜稳定性及泪液蛋白水平的影响。方法:随机将316例流行性角结膜炎患者纳入对照组和试验组,各158例。对照组给予更昔洛韦眼用凝胶进行治疗,试验组在此基础上加用清热散结胶囊,两组均治疗2周,并随访6个月。比较两组疗效、中医证候、眼表功能、视力情况、泪膜稳定性、泪液蛋白水平、不良反应及复发情况。结果:试验组治疗2周后的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2周后与治疗前比,两组中医证候、眼表疾病指数(OSDI)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌量(SIT)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分降低,试验组更低(P<0.05);两组视力及泪液乳铁蛋白(LF)、总蛋白(TP)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、溶菌酶(LZM)水平升高,试验组更高(P<0.05)。两组治疗期间的并发症总发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);试验组随访期间的复发率为1.90%,低于对照组的12.03%(P<0.05)。结论:流行性角结膜炎患者经清热散结胶囊治疗后其泪液蛋白水平得到有效调节,中医证候、眼表功能、视力情况及泪膜稳定性得到有效改善,疗效提高,且复发风险降低,安全性良好。

基于HFSS的电连接器信号完整性仿真分析

针对高速传输电连接器存在特征阻抗偏小且不连续的问题,基于信号完整性理论提出了采用集总端口并设计测试夹具的优化方案,通过三维电磁仿真软件HFSS建立电连接器3D模型,设置终端驱动求解类型,给定材料属性,分配激励及边界条件,设置求解频率和扫频模式进行信号完整性仿真,分析其TDR特征阻抗、插入损耗、回波损耗、近端串扰、远端串扰等信号完整性参数。结果表明:电连接器在10 MHz~5 GHz频率范围内设置集总端口激励、设计仿真夹具的方式下,插入损耗为-12~-6 dB,回波损耗为-1.3~0 dB、近端串扰为-40 dB以下、远端串扰为-45 dB以下,符合HJ30J的标准要求;与波端口激励、无设计夹具仿真进行参数对比,串扰降低10 dB,TDR特征阻抗提升10Ω,性能参数得到提升。

Learning algorithm and application of quantum BP neural networks based on universal quantum gates

A quantum BP neural networks model with learning algorithm is proposed. First, based on the universality of single qubit rotation gate and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate, a quantum neuron model is constructed, which is composed of input, phase rotation, aggregation, reversal rotation and output. In this model, the input is described by qubits, and the output is given by the probability of the state in which （1） is observed. The phase rotation and the reversal rotation are performed by the universal quantum gates. Secondly, the quantum BP neural networks model is constructed, in which the output layer and the hide layer are quantum neurons. With the application of the gradient descent algorithm, a learning algorithm of the model is proposed, and the continuity of the model is proved. It is shown that this model and algorithm are superior to the conventional BP networks in three aspects： convergence speed, convergence rate and robustness, by two application examples of pattern recognition and function approximation.

Metallogenic Epoch of Nonferrous Metallic and Silver Deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China and its Geological Significance

As China＇s most important gold-producing district, the Jiaodong Peninsula also contains copper, lead-zinc, molybdenum （tungsten）, and other nonferrous metal ore deposits, but the space-time and genetic relationships with gold deposits remain uncertain. To investigate the temporal relationship between these nonferrous metal and gold ore deposits, We collected the samples from a number of nonferrous metallic and silver deposits and metallogenetic rock bodies in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula for isotopic dating. The results show that the Re-Os isotopic model ages of the Lengjia molybdenum deposit in Rongcheng range from 114.5 ± 1.8 Ma to 112.6 ± 1.5 Ma, with an average age of 113.6 ± 1.6 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 33 zircons in the sericitization porphyritic monzogranite that hosts the Tongjiazhuang silver deposit in Rongcheng range between 122 Ma and 109 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.04 ± 0.95 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 31 zircons in the copper metallogenic pyroxene monzodiorite that hosts the Kuangbei copper deposit in Rongcheng range from 126 Ma to 106 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.6 ± 1.7 Ma; and the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 19 zircons in the pyroxene monzodiorite surrounding the Dadengge gold and multimetal deposit in Weihai range from 113 Ma to 110 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 111.7 ± 0.6 Ma. All these results indicate that the metallogenic ages of the silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula are in a limited range from 118 Ma to 111 Ma. Previous studies have demonstrated that the isotopic ages of gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula range from 123 Ma to 110 Ma, while Weideshanian magmatism occurred between 126 Ma to 108 Ma. Both these ranges are grossly consistent with the metallogenic ages of silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in this study, suggesting that the large-scale mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous when magmatic activities were strong. This epoch may be linked to the lithosphere thinning and the thermo-upwelling extension in eastern China at that time. In addition, field investigation also shows that gold and nonferrous metallic deposits are distributed nearby the Weideshanian granite, with the nonferrous metallic deposits lying within or surrounding the granite pluton and the gold deposits outside the granite pluton. We propose the following mineralization scenario： In the Early Cretaceous, an intensive lithospheric extension induced partial melting and degassing of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which resulted in the formation of mantle-derived fluids enriched in metal elements. During the rapid process of magma ascent and intrusion, crust-derived fluids were activated by the magmatic thermal dome and served to further extract ore-forming materials from the crust. These fluids may have mixed with the mantle-derived fluid to form a crust-mantle mixing-type ore-forming fluid. The high-temperature conditions in the center or in contact with the granitic magmatic thermal dome would have been favorable for the formation of porphyry-type, skarn-type, and hydrothermal-vein-type ores, thus forming a series of Mo（W）, Cu, and Pb-Zn deposits in the mid-eastern Jiaodong Peninsula. In contrast, the medium- to low-temperature conditions in the periphery of the magmatic thermal dome would have favored the deposition of gold （silver） ores under the appropriate physiochemical and structural conditions. The metaliogenic epoch of the molybdenum, copper, and silver deposits, and their spatio-temporal and genetic relations to the gold deposits, as demonstrated in this study, not only provide important insights to the study of regional metallogeny, our understanding of the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong type gold deposit, and the geodynamic background of the large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, but also have practical value in guiding the mineral exploration.

Ant colony optimization algorithm and its application to Neuro-Fuzzy controller design

An adaptive ant colony algorithm is proposed based on dynamically adjusting the strategy of updating trail information. The algorithm can keep good balance between accelerating convergence and averting precocity and stagnation. The results of function optimization show that the algorithm has good searching ability and high convergence speed. The algorithm is employed to design a neuro-fuzzy controller for real-time control of an inverted pendulum. In order to avoid the combinatorial explosion of fuzzy rules due tσ multivariable inputs, a state variable synthesis scheme is employed to reduce the number of fuzzy rules greatly. The simulation results show that the designed controller can control the inverted pendulum successfully.

End-to-end rate-based congestion control with random loss:convergence and stability

The convergence and stability analysis for two end-to-end rate-based congestion control algorithms with unavoidable random loss in packets are presented, which can be caused by, for example, errors on wireless links. The convergence rates of these two algorithms are analyzed by linearizing them around their equilibrium points, since they are globally stable and can converge to their unique equilibrium points. Some sufficient conditions for local stability in the presence of round-trip delay are obtained based on the general Nyquist criterion of stability. The stability conditions can be considered to be more general. If random loss in the first congestion control algorithm is not considered, they reduce to the local stability conditions which have been obtained in some literatures. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for local stability of a new congestion control algorithm have also been obtained if random loss is not considered in the second congestion control algorithm.

电连接器接触件接触特性仿真分析

为研究电连接器接触件的接触特性,分析电连接器接触失效的原因,利用SOLIDWORKS软件对电连接器进行建模,利用ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件中的静力学模块对电连接器接触件的插拔过程进行仿真,得到了接触件在插拔过程中插针的变形,应力分布以及插拔力与时间、位移的变化情况。分析结果表明,在插针凸包根部区域形变最为明显。有限元软件能够较好模拟接触件插拔过程中的接触特性,为电连接器接触可靠性提供依据,同时也为优化生产打下基础。

Convergence and stability of the Newton-Like algorithm with estimation error in optimization flow control

The Newton-Like algorithm with price estimation error in optimization flow control in network is analyzed. The estimation error is treated as inexactness of the gradient and the inexact descent direction is analyzed. Based on the optimization theory, a sufficient condition for convergence of this algorithm with bounded price estimation error is obtained. Furthermore, even when this sufficient condition doesn＇t hold, this algorithm can also converge, provided a modified step size, and an attraction region is obtained. Based on Lasalle＇s invariance principle applied to a suitable Lyapunov function, the dynamic system described by this algorithm is proved to be global stability if the error is zero. And the Newton-Like algorithm with bounded price estimation error is also globally stable if the error satisfies the sufficient condition for convergence. All trajectories ultimately converge to the equilibrium point.

数字经济时代云边协同系统服务机制演化博弈研究

在数字经济日新月异的时代背景下,云边协同为企业数字化转型提供了更高效、灵活、可靠的技术解决方案,受到了学界及业界的广泛关注。本文基于云边架构和演化博弈理论构建云边博弈模型,分析双方在各情形下的演化稳定策略,并针对存在两种演化稳定策略的情形,进一步分析影响其协同关系稳定的因素,最后通过数值仿真验证理论分析结果。研究表明,云边协同系统的最终演化方向取决于支付矩阵中各变量之间的关系,当系统存在多种演化结果时,初始状态会对演化结果产生重要影响,通过合理调整相关变量可以有效激励系统演化为理想状态,从而促进云边协同系统的长期稳定,更好地服务于企业数字化转型。

电磁波极化形式的频域判据

电磁波极化的判定问题是电磁场理论教学中的重点和难点。当电磁波的电场分量和波矢量表达式是坐标基矢量的组合形式时,学生往往难以用右手定则判定其极化形式。根据电磁波极化的定义,结合有向曲线绕向的计算方法和复矢量运算法则,得出极化形式的频域判据。学生利用此判据可以直接对电场复矢量进行简单的矢量乘法运算即可完成判定,提高了解决此问题的效率和准确度。

LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb Age of the Zhongchaye Vermiculite Deposit in Laiwu,Shandong Province

Objective The Zhongchaye vermiculite deposit is located north of Laiwu.Tectonically,it belongs to the Luxi Block,west of the Tan-Lu fault zone(Fig.1a).The crystalline basement of this area consists of the Neoarchean Taishan Group and Paleoproterozoic Granitoid.The overlying strata are mainly Paleozoic carbonate rocks,Mesozoic clastic rocks。

针灸联合补肾祛风湿中药治疗老年类风湿性关节炎的临床观察

目的:探讨针灸联合补肾祛风湿中药对老年类风湿性关节炎(RA)的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年2月至2022年10月河南中医药大学第三附属医院收治的RA患者97例进行回顾性分析,按照不同的治疗方法分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=49)。对照组患者给予甲氨蝶呤片治疗,观察组患者给予针灸联合补肾祛风湿中药治疗,2个月后,比较2组患者临床疗效、炎症介质、临床症状、风湿因子和不良反应。结果:观察组治疗后总有效率为95.92%,高于对照组的79.17%(P<0.05),炎症介质[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)],风湿因子[红细胞沉降率(ESR)、类风湿因子(RF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后各临床症状均明显改善,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为20.41%,对照组为18.75%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:针灸联合补肾祛风湿中药对老年RA患者临床疗效显著,可有效抑制机体炎症反应,延缓病情进展,改善临床症状,且安全性良好。

我国创新生态研究的发展脉络与未来展望——基于科学知识图谱的可视化分析

当前,创新生态已成为全球范围内支撑经济高质量发展的基础要件,对持续驱动经济增长与技术创新意义重大。探究创新生态研究领域的知识图谱是刻画现有研究理论脉络与应用价值取向的关键环节,将为指引未来实践创新与理论发展提供重要参照。为此,基于知识图谱可视化分析方法,以CiteSpace和VOSviewer为研究工具,对国内创新生态研究领域相关文献进行系统全面梳理和深入分析。通过构建和解读“国内创新生态研究领域作者共现知识图谱”“国内创新生态研究主题聚类知识图谱”“国内创新生态研究关键词共现时区知识图谱”等,从作者团队、核心机构、时间三方面总结了我国创新生态研究的特征,并对核心研究主题进行了深度刻画,最终提出我国“创新生态”研究展望,为国内创新生态的理论研究及应用探索的高质量发展提供理论依据和科学指导。

针刺背俞穴对失眠模型大鼠脑组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶和蛋白激酶B表达的影响

目的 观察针刺背俞穴对失眠模型大鼠脑组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)和蛋白激酶B(Akt)表达的影响,探讨针刺改善失眠症状的可能机制。方法 将20只SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、针刺组和西药组,每组5只。除空白组外,其余3组采用腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)混悬液诱导失眠模型。造模2 d后,针刺组予以针刺双侧“肺俞”“脾俞”“心俞”“肝俞”“肾俞”,留针10 min,每日1次,治疗7 d;西药组予以艾司唑仑水溶液(0.08 mg/mL)灌胃治疗(剂量为0.558 mg/kg),每日1次,治疗7 d;其余各组大鼠只被捉抓和固定,不予治疗。观察各组大鼠治疗前后一般状态的变化,采用Western blot和实时荧光PCR法检测大鼠脑组织中PI3K、Akt蛋白水平和mRNA的表达情况。结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠一般状态较差,昼夜节律消失,白天活动增加,睡眠潜伏期延长,睡眠时间缩短,脑组织中PI3K、Akt蛋白和mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,针刺组和西药组大鼠一般状态有所改善,睡眠潜伏期缩短,睡眠时间延长,脑组织中PI3K、Akt蛋白和mRNA的表达均显著升高(P<0.05);与西药组比较,针刺组大鼠一般状况及脑组织中PI3K、Akt的mRNA升高较明显(P<0.05),差异存在统计学意义。结论 针刺背俞穴可升高失眠模型大鼠脑组织中PI3K、Akt蛋白及mRNA的表达,激活PI3K/Akt信号通路的活性,保护神经细胞,从而改善大鼠失眠情况。

胶东深部金矿三维成矿预测及巨大的资源潜力

我国重要矿产资源严重短缺,深部找矿成为解决资源危机的必然选择,深部矿产资源预测则是深部找矿的前提和基础。然而,深部矿床埋藏深度大,主要根据地表物化遥和地质信息进行成矿预测的常规方法已不适用于深部成矿预测,三维成矿预测是解决深部找矿靶区圈定难题的关键方法。胶东是具有世界影响的金成矿区,深部找矿成果和勘探深度位居国内前列,对其进行三维成矿预测具备得天独厚的条件,对于推动我国深部找矿具有重要的示范作用。简要介绍了胶东三维成矿预测的方法、依据和预测结果。主要采用地质和地球物理相结合的方法建立了胶东区域三维地质模型,采用钻探与地球物理相结合的方法建立了主要金矿床集中区的三维地质模型。根据三维空间上的金矿断裂控矿规律,提出了基于阶梯成矿模式、重点根据断裂倾角梯变和缓倾角段控矿规律的深部找矿靶区预测方法和基于控矿断裂浅部资源量的深部金矿资源潜力预测方法。根据胶东区域三维地质模型和深部地球物理探测结果,圈定了3处找矿新靶区;根据金矿床集中区三维地质模型,提取了断裂缓冲区、断裂倾角、断裂表面变化率、矿体等间距分布等特征变量,在焦家断裂和三山岛断裂圈定了5处深部找矿靶区;根据三山岛、焦家、招平3条控矿断裂-2 000 m标高以浅已探明的金资源量,预测三者-2 000~-5 000 m深度金资源量达到3 377~6 490 t,认为胶东金资源总量有望超过万吨目标。新的预测成果,揭示了胶东地区令人振奋的深部金矿资源潜力,为进一步开展深部找矿奠定了基础。

西林—陡崖成矿带深部找矿及矿体分布规律

胶东金成矿省位于华北克拉通东南缘,是全球第三大金成矿区,包括胶西北、栖蓬福和牟乳3个成矿小区(图1)(宋明春等,2014;李世勇等,2022)。西林—陡崖成矿带是栖蓬福成矿小区重要的金成矿带,近年来在该成矿带的笏山矿区深部取得了找矿突破,为栖蓬福成矿小区深部找矿提供了典型示范。

产琥珀酸放线杆菌利用甘薯粉产丁二酸发酵条件优化

为了优化产琥珀酸放线杆菌(Actinobacillussuccinogenes)发酵甘薯粉生产丁二酸的发酵培养基,提高丁二酸产量,降低生产成本,本研究首先通过单因素实验对甘薯粉发酵产丁二酸的甘薯粉、MgCO_(3)、液化酶、糖化酶、氮源浓度和发酵时间进行了优化,再利用正交试验确定重要参数的最佳水平,最后利用2 L发酵罐对获得最佳发酵工艺进行放大实验。结果表明,混合氮源(酵母粉:玉米浆=1:2)可满足甘薯粉丁二酸发酵营养需求,影响丁二酸产量的重要参数是甘薯粉、MgCO_(3)、液化酶、糖化酶、混合氮源(酵母粉:玉米浆=1:2)的浓度。各因素最佳水平为:甘薯粉115 g/L、MgCO_(3)60 g/L,液化酶0.008 KUN-S/g底物,糖化酶3.09 AGU/g底物,混合氮源33 g/L。优化后丁二酸产量可达69.89 g/L,与优化前相比(42.46 g/L),丁二酸浓度提高了64.6%。2 L发酵罐发酵72 h,丁二酸可达71.42 g/L,丁二酸产率为79.87%,生产强度为0.99 g/(L·h)。因此,利用A.succinogenes发酵甘薯粉产丁二酸具有较好的工业化应用前景。

林下连作种植参根际土壤可培养微生物区系及细菌群落对酚酸类化感物质的响应

为探究酚酸类成分对林下连作参根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落的影响,以未栽培人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)林地土壤(1#样品)、连作未发病土壤(2#样品)和连作发病土壤(3#样品)为研究对象,探究根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落结构、多样性的变化。同时,通过高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC)分析方法对土壤样品中的酚酸进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,2#样品和3#样品土壤可培养微生物总数量与1#样品相比分别下降61.37%和68.24%;可培养细菌分别下降61.36%和68.18%;可培养放线菌分别下降72.97%和75.68%;可培养真菌分别为1#样品的1.40倍和0.47倍。3种样品共分离到193株细菌,分属于4门6纲13目19科39属96种。3种样品中最优势菌纲均为芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli(相对分离频率分别为51.67%、64.00%、48.28%),1#样品、2#样品最优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(相对分离频率分别为15.00%、21.33%),3#样品最优势菌属为链霉菌属Streptomyces(相对分离频率为24.14%)。多样性分析显示,3种样品土壤可培养细菌多样性差异小且分布均较为均匀。3#样品中大量积累的香豆酸可能是人参连作障碍的主导化感物质。连作和土传病害未导致人参根际土壤可培养细菌群落多样性下降。土壤微生物总量的减少、可培养微生物区系的变化、高丰度的链霉菌属,以及香豆酸的积累可能是导致人参土传病害严重和连作障碍的主要原因。