三聚氰胺基疏水海绵的制备及其吸油性能

采用单宁酸(TA)/Fe^(3+)复合物(TA/Fe^(3+))对三聚氰胺海绵(MS)进行预处理,然后通过生物蜡乳液浸渍法对三聚氰胺海绵进行疏水改性,制备了高吸油倍率的疏水三聚氰胺海绵(MS-TA/Fe^(3+)-Wax)。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和接触角测试等手段对三聚氰胺海绵改性前后样品进行微观形貌、结构组成和表面润湿性表征,并考察其对不同油品的吸油性能。结果表明:MS-TA/Fe^(3+)-Wax具有高度疏水性,水接触角可达141.5°;在常温常压条件下,MS-TA/Fe^(3+)-Wax对正辛烷、二氯甲烷、甲苯、柴油、泵油和菜籽油的吸油量为54.91~97.46 g/g,吸油过程符合拟二级动力学。疏水改性的三聚氰胺海绵材料通过挤压解吸附可实现循环使用,在处理油-水污染物方面具有潜在的应用前景。

纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

太阳能作为传统化石能源的理想替代品,几乎取之不尽,而且对环境无害。近几年,纤维形态的太阳能电池器件引起了巨大的研究兴趣并取得了长足的进步,特别是纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池,其光电转换效率从3.3%提高到15.7%。本文首先简要概述了纤维状电池器件兴起的背景及其优势;然后对比了平面状和纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构和工作原理;从制备方法和结构设计两个方面综述了纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池的最新研究进展,对比了不同制备方法和结构设计方法的特点,并从纤维状电子设备编织、纺织品中构造导电轨道和连接技术等方面详细介绍了其编织技术;最后,总结了该领域存在的挑战,对未来发展方向及应用前景进行了展望。

Ultra-deep Removal of Metal Ions from Coal Tar by Complexation:Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theory Simulations

As one of the important aspects of upgrading coal tar,the ultra-deep removal of metal ions via the complexation method was investigated by screening four complexing agents and performing density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Analysis of the compositions and contents of the metallic compounds in the coal tar revealed that the main components were iron and calcium naphthenates.Direct filtration reduced the mechanical impurity content from 0.24%to 0.0752%,indicating that most of the large particles could be easily removed.Among the four complexing agents,namely,acetic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,oxalic acid exhibited the best demetallization performance.The DFT simulations suggested that the high performance of oxalic acid originated from its 1:1 coordination mode,rigid dicarboxyl structure,and greater binding energy.

生物质气化发电技术研究进展

化石能源枯竭和环境污染两大难题日渐成为社会发展的枷锁,人类亟需寻找绿色清洁能源推动社会可持续发展。生物质具有可再生性、原料丰富和清洁低碳的特点,拥有巨大应用潜力。生物质气化发电技术作为生物能利用的方法之一,不仅可以替代传统能源,还能避免能源利用过程中带来的环境污染问题。本文介绍了国内外生物质气化发电技术研究进展,包括气化设备研究、生命周期评价和发电工艺研究等,为生物质气化发电技术的研究提供参考和借鉴。

Selection of adsorbents for in-situ coupling technology of adsorptive desulfurization and biodesulfurization

In-situ coupling of adsorptive desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new desulfurization technol- ogy for fossil oil. It has the merits of high-selectivity of biodesulfurization and high-rate of adsorptive desulfurization. It is carried out by assembling nano-adsorbents onto surfaces of microbial cells. In this work, In-situ coupling desulfurization technology of widely used desulfurization adsorbents of γ-Al2O3, Na-Y molecular sieves, and active carbon with Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 were studied. Results show that Na-Y molecular sieves restrain the activity of R-8 cells and active carbon cannot desorb the sub- strate dibenzothiophene (DBT). Thus, they are not applicable to in-situ coupling desulfurization tech- nology. Gamma-Al2O3 can adsorb DBT from oil phase quickly, and then desorb it and transfer it to R-8 cells for biodegradation, thus increasing desulfurization rate. It is also found that nano-sized γ-Al2O3 increases desulfurization rate more than regular-sized γ-Al2O3. Therefore, nano- γ-Al2O3 is regarded as the better adsorbent for this in-situ coupling desulfurization technology.

Adsorptive desulfurization of diesel with mesoporous aluminosilicates

Mesoporous aluminosilicates (MAS) bearing microporous zeolite units and mesoporous structures were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Adsorptive desulfurization ability of model oil and hy-drotreated diesel was studied. The effects of template concentration, crystalization time and calcination time were investigated. The desulfurization ability of adsorbents was improved by transitional metal ion-exchanging. The adsorptive desulfurization of diesel was carried out on a fixed-bed system. The results show that the adsorptive capacity is MAS>MCM-41>NaY. The improvement of desulfurization ability of MAS by Cu+ is more significant than that of Ag+.