Silica-modified Pt/TiO_(2) catalysts with tunable suppression of strong metal-support interaction for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation

Tuning Strong Metal-support Interactions(SMSI)is a key strategy to obtain highly active catalysts,but conventional methods usually enable TiO_(x) encapsulation of noble metal components to minimize the exposure of noble metals.This study demonstrates a catalyst preparation method to modulate a weak encapsulation of Pt metal nanoparticles(NPs)with the supported TiO_(2),achieving the moderate suppression of SMSI effects.The introduction of silica inhibits this encapsulation,as reflected in the characterization results such as XPS and HRTEM,while the Ti^(4+) to Ti^(3+) conversion due to SMSI can still be found on the support surface.Furthermore,the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde(CAL)as a probe reaction revealed that once this encapsulation behavior was suppressed,the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for small molecules like H_(2) and CO was enhanced,which thereby improved the catalytic activity and facilitated the hydrogenation of CAL.Meanwhile,the introduction of SiO_(2) also changed the surface structure of the catalyst,which inhibited the occurrence of the acetal reaction and improved the conversion efficiency of C=O and C=C hydrogenation.Systematic manipulation of SMSI formation and its consequence on the performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions are discussed.

Accurately tracking hypersonic gliding vehicles via an LEO mega-constellation in relay tracking mode

In order to effectively defend against the threats of the hypersonic gliding vehicles(HGVs),HGVs should be tracked as early as possible,which is beyond the capability of the ground-based radars.Being benefited by the developing megaconstellations in low-Earth orbit,this paper proposes a relay tracking mode to track HGVs to overcome the above problem.The whole tracking mission is composed of several tracking intervals with the same duration.Within each tracking interval,several appropriate satellites are dispatched to track the HGV.Satellites that are planned to take part in the tracking mission are selected by a new derived observability criterion.The tracking performances of the proposed tracking mode and the other two traditional tracking modes,including the stare and track-rate modes,are compared by simulation.The results show that the relay tracking mode can track the whole trajectory of a HGV,while the stare mode can only provide a very short tracking arc.Moreover,the relay tracking mode achieve higher tracking accuracy with fewer attitude controls than the track-rate mode.

Preparation of Flower-like Copper Foam Supported Co_(3)O_(4) Electrocatalyst and Its Hydrogen Evolution Performance

Flower-like copper foam Co_(3)O_(4) catalysts(Co_(3)O_(4)/CF) were prepared by hydrothermal method.The crystalline structure and microscopic morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by using X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the electrochemical properties were investigated by an electrochemical workstation.The experimental results show that the Co_(3)O_(4) catalysts are successfully prepared on the foamed copper support by hydrothermal method,and the material’s morphology is mainly flower cluster.When the current density is 10 mA·cm^(-2),the overpotential value of the Co_(3)O_(4)/CF catalyst is 141 mV,lower than that of blank support.The electrochemical impedance(EIS) spectrum shows that the R_(ct )value of the Co_(3)O_(4)/CF catalyst decreases,and the Coulomb curves of double-layer show that the electrochemically active area of the Co_(3)O_(4)/CF catalyst efficiently increases compared with that of the blank support.Therefore,the as-obtained Co_(3)O_(4)/CF catalyst exhibits a good hydrogen evolution rate,showing great applicability potential in the catalytic electrolysis of water for hydrogen production.

Utilization of Changyun Jujube, a Cultivar with Resistance to Witches Broom Disease

In 2021,the Shanting District Fruit Industry Service Center conducted an application test of a treatment for jujube witches broom disease using Changyun jujube.The results demonstrated that when diseased Changhong jujube plants were grafted with Changyun jujube in the spring using bark or cleft grafting,the majority of the new shoots of Changyun jujube exhibited no symptoms of witches broom disease,while a few exhibited symptoms of the disease.With the growth of new shoots,the symptoms of witches broom disease gradually abated,returning to normal growth and development.Similarly,the symptoms of witches broom disease on the rootstock below the grafting mouth also gradually abated,returning to normal.The Changyun jujube rootstock was utilized as the intermediate rootstock to grafting the jujube cultivars Qiyuexian and Fucuimi.The two cultivars were subsequently affixed with branch bark from the witches broom disease.The two cultivars did not exhibit any symptoms of witches broom disease,thus providing an opportunity to investigate potential treatments for this disease in jujube.Finally,the cultivation techniques of the Changyun jujube were presented.

352-Gbit/s single line rate THz wired transmission based on PS-4096QAM employing hollow-core fiber

We successfully demonstrate 32-Gbaud Probabilistically Shaped 4096-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(PS-4096QAM)TeraHertz(THz)signal wired transmission at 325 GHz over the 1-m Hollow-Core Fiber(HCF)in a photon-assisted THz-wave communication system.By employing advanced Digital Signal Processing(DSP)and the PS technique,the 352-Gbit/s line rate(288-Gbit/s net rate)delivery with a net Spectral Efficiency(SE)of 9 bit/s/Hz is realized in the experiment,satisfying the 0.86-Normalized Generalized Mutual Information(NGMI)Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)threshold.

A path planning method for robot patrol inspection in chemical industrial parks

Safety patrol inspection in chemical industrial parks is a complex multi-objective task with multiple degrees of freedom.Traditional pointer instruments with advantages like high reliability and strong adaptability to harsh environment,are widely applied in such parks.However,they rely on manual readings which have problems like heavy patrol workload,high labor cost,high false positives/negatives and poor timeliness.To address the above problems,this study proposes a path planning method for robot patrol in chemical industrial parks,where a path optimization model based on improved iterated local search and random variable neighborhood descent(ILS-RVND)algorithm is established by integrating the actual requirements of patrol tasks in chemical industrial parks.Further,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by taking real park data as an example.The results show that compared with GA and ILS-RVND,the improved algorithm reduces quantification cost by about 24%and saves patrol time by about 36%.Apart from shortening the patrol time of robots,optimizing their patrol path and reducing their maintenance loss,the proposed algorithm also avoids the untimely patrol of robots and enhances the safety factor of equipment.

超材料天线罩温度升高快速分析

随着电子系统的功率越来越高,必须考虑超材料天线罩中温度升高。由于超材料天线罩的复杂性,其温度升高分析难度更大。超材料天线罩的热分析涉及电磁场和温度场的多物理场的分析,对于电大尺寸的天线罩,模型复杂,计算时间很长。文中首先进行了系统的理论分析,然后给出了天线罩内部温度升高的快速方法,先后计算了单层超材料天线罩、夹层超材料天线罩的最大温度升高和温度升高分布,计算结果与实测及全波仿真符合较好,与全波分析相比计算时间大大缩短,速度提高数百倍。该方法物理概念清晰,快速简便,还能够迅速分析存在环境温度差情况下的超材料天线罩的温度升高分布,为大功率系统中的超材料天线罩设计提供有力的支撑。

单增李斯特菌毒力因子及调控机制研究进展

单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)是一种革兰氏阳性食源性致病菌,能在低温、高温、高渗透压等多种不利条件下生长存活。在宿主体内,单增李斯特菌首先寄生于胃肠道,随后穿过肠道屏障,再通过血液传播到靶器官引发系列疾病,整个过程与单增李斯特菌独特的毒力因子及调控机制密切相关。该文首先回顾整理了单增李斯特菌在感染期间关键毒力因子的主要作用及目前新进展,介绍了毒力调控因子(Prf A)和转录调控因子(σ~B),着重讨论了调控因子在宿主外环境和内环境的相互作用,最后对目前新的毒力调控因子进行归纳总结,为全面理解单增李斯特菌的感染机制和进一步开展精准防控提供一定参考。

超材料天线罩雷达散射截面特性分析

以超材料为代表的新技术迅速崛起,大大推进了天线罩的技术进步,与往常天线罩不同的是,超材料天线罩改进了天线系统的散射特性。多年来,人们注重于天线罩的传输特性而忽略了散射特性研究,一方面原因是控制天线罩的散射性能的需求不甚迫切,另一方面原因则是准确分析耗时费力,难度很大,特别是电大尺寸的天线罩的散射特性几乎无法精确计算。虽然高频光学近似在分析天线罩传输特性方面,精度较高,基本满足设计需求,但是在分析天线罩散射特性方面,偏差较大,很难满足设计需求。针对超材料天线罩雷达散射特性分析需求,文中首先分析比较了不同方法对于介质天线罩雷达散射截面(RCS)的计算结果的差别,分析了产生的原因,采用特征模型结合全波分析方法,计算了超材料天线罩散射特性,并与测试结果进行了比较,仿真和试验结果的包络符合较好,验证了在天线罩中采取吸收措施能明显降低其RCS,可供超材料天线罩设计师参考。

固体氧化物电解槽辅助煤电机组深度调峰技术可行性研究

常规的煤电机组灵活性改造方案,难以消除频繁快速变负荷对热力系统造成的潜在寿命折损与设备安全风险。为提高煤电机组参与深度调峰的长期安全性与经济性,以某国产超超临界二次再热1000 MW燃煤机组为应用对象,提出了基于氢储能系统的煤电机组“健康调峰”技术路线,并论证了调峰煤电制氢的间接碳减排意义。在此基础上,分析比较了不同制氢工艺与煤电厂生产条件的匹配程度,认为固体氧化物电解槽(SOEC)制氢为综合最优方案,据此给出了SOEC耦合煤电调峰的原理性设计方案,最后以年度负荷曲线对新方案进行了财务分析。计算结果表明,示例机组自第6年起每年可获得1.07亿元/年的净利润,每年减少碳排放281.92 t,同时获得设备延寿、降耗减碳等其他收益。相关结论对于指导调峰煤电机组的健康安全运行具有参考意义。

《原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)》解读

2017年6月国家卫生和计划生育委员会发布了《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2017年版)》,该规范在肝癌的诊断、分期及治疗方面提出推荐性意见具有重要意义,此后国内外在原发性肝癌研究方面不断出现符合循证医学原则的高级别证据。为此,国家卫生健康委员会修订更新颁布了《原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)》,本文对新版指南的更新要点进行解读,以期更好地指导临床。

考虑综合经济性的风光配电网储能优化配置

在配电网中配置储能系统可以有效缓解风光接入对配电网产生的影响,提升对风光的消纳能力、减少电压偏差等,而储能接入的位置和容量不同会对配电网产生不同的影响。首先分析储能建设过程中的主要费用,考虑基于分时电价下的网损成本和峰谷差收益,以年综合成本、配电网的日节点电压偏差和最小为目标,建立配电网储能选址定容模型,采用改进多目标遗传二代算法(improved multi-objective nondominated sorting genetic Ⅱ algorithm, INSGA-Ⅱ)对模型进行求解,利用改进理想点决策法(improved ideal point based decision, IIPBD)来选取最优配置方案,最后在IEEE-33节点模型中对方案进行验证。仿真结果表明:使用INSGA-Ⅱ算法进行求解时最终决策出的储能配置方案实现了成本最小,并且显著提升了电压的稳定性,验证了改进后算法的优良性和所提出的储能优化配置方案的有效性。

基于氢储能的煤电机组灵活性改造方案研究

现有的煤电机组灵活性改造方案,聚焦局部与短期,难以消除频繁快速变负荷对热力系统造成的长期寿命折损与安全风险。为提高煤电机组参与电力市场辅助服务的安全性与经济性,提出建立基于氢储能系统的煤电机组系统级灵活性改造方案。分析了现有制氢路线,认为固体氧化物电解槽路线与煤电机组结合度高,且具有辅助煤电机组削减碳排放、提升经营收益的综合优点。以某国产1000 MW超超临界二次再热燃煤机组为应用对象,提出了氢储能系统与煤电机组的可行性结合方案。相关研究成果对于开发新型系统级的安全、健康经济的煤电灵活性提升改造方案具有参考意义。

反装甲导弹导引头抗干扰能力与关键技术发展

针对反装甲导弹面临的复杂战场环境、多样化作战目标和复杂干扰环境,分析其抗干扰能力和关键技术需求。分析反装甲导弹导引头面临的干扰威胁、抗干扰特点和不足,以科学高效提升反装甲导弹导引头抗干扰能力为目标,给出相关措施与建议。结果表明,该分析可为提升反装甲导引头抗干扰能力提供参考。

Comparison of genetic impact on growth and wood traits between seedlings and clones from the same plus trees of Pinus koraiensis

To evaluate the relationships among clones and open pollinated families from the same plus trees and to select elite breeding materials,growth,and wood characteristics of 33-year-old Pinus korainsis clones and families were measured and analyzed.The results show that growth and wood characters varied significantly.The variation due to clonal effects was higher than that of family effects.The ratio of genetic to phenotypic coefficient of variation of clones in growth and wood traits was above 90%,and the repeatability of these characteristics was more than 0.8,whereas the ratio of genetic to phenotypic coefficient of variation of families was above 90%.The broad-sense heritability of all characteristics exceeded 0.4,and the narrow-sense family heritability of growth traits was less than 0.3.Growth characteristics were positively correlated with each other,but most wood properties were weakly correlated in both clones and families.Fiber length and width were positively correlated between clones and families.Using the membership function method,eleven clones and four families were selected as superior material for improved diameter growth and wood production,and two families from clonal and open-pollinated trees showed consistently better performance.Generally,selection of the best clones is an effective alternative to deployment of families as the repeatability estimates from clonal trees were higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates from open pollinated families.The results provide valuable insight for improving P.koraiensis breeding programs and subsequent genetic improvement.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulate the interaction between astrocytes and Schwann cells at the trigeminal root entry zone

The trigeminal root entry zone is the zone at which the myelination switches from peripheral Schwann cells to central oligodendrocytes.Its special anatomical and physiological structure renders it susceptible to nerve injury.The etiology of most primary trigeminal neuralgia is closely related to microvascular compression of the trigeminal root entry zone.This study aimed to develop an efficient in vitro model mimicking the glial environment of trigeminal root entry zone as a tool to investigate the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the structural and functional integrity of trigeminal root entry zone and modulation of cellular interactions.Primary astrocytes and Schwann cells isolated from trigeminal root entry zone of postnatal rats were inoculated into a two-well silicon culture insert to mimic the trigeminal root entry zone microenvironment and treated with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.In monoculture,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the migration of Schwann cells,but it did not have effects on the migration of astrocytes.In the co-culture system,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promoted the bidirectional migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor markedly promoted the activation and migration of astrocytes.However,in the co-culture system,brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibited the migration of astrocytes and Schwann cells to a certain degree.These findings suggest that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are involved in the regulation of the astrocyte-Schwann cell interaction in the co-culture system derived from the trigeminal root entry zone.This system can be used as a cell model to study the mechanism of glial dysregulation associated with trigeminal nerve injury and possible therapeutic interventions.

养殖尾水混合不同比例水溶肥种植水培生菜的综合效益评价

以“奶油生菜”为研究对象,将不同量的山崎配方水溶肥溶于工厂化养鱼尾水,配制成混合营养液,进行营养液膜栽培(NFT)水培生菜实验,以期筛选出最佳水肥配比,为实现工厂化养鱼尾水资源化利用提供理论依据。实验设置5个处理,分别为S1(123g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S2(98.4g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S3(73.8g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S4(49.2g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水)、S5(24.6g水溶肥+150L养鱼尾水),以CK(123g水溶肥+150L清水)作为对照,探究不同处理对生菜产量和品质的影响。采用基于熵权法的TOPSIS综合效益评价模型分析确定最佳水肥配比参数。结果表明,混合营养液能提高生菜对水肥的吸收量,但随水溶肥浓度增加,生菜耗肥量呈先增大后减小的趋势;不同处理下生菜耗水耗肥量均低于CK处理,S1-S5处理相比CK处理分别节肥25.01%、19.15%、34.12%、51.89%和74.10%。混合营养液能有效促进生菜生长,但生菜各项生长指标均随水溶肥浓度上升呈先增大后减少的趋势,S2处理下生菜产量最高,为1.88kg·m^(-2),相比CK处理增加15.32%。此外,混合营养液可提高生菜品质,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先增大后减小的趋势,S2处理下生菜可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高;维生素C(VC)含量、硝酸盐含量均与水溶肥浓度呈正相关,S1处理下VC含量最高,S1-S5处理下硝酸盐含量均低于CK处理。综合效益评价结果表明,S2处理对生菜的生长最为有利,可以获得较高的产量并兼具较好的品质,为最佳配比,养鱼尾水与水溶肥合理配施后,可显著促进水肥吸收,提高生菜产量和品质,实现作物生产效益最佳。

Functionalized carbon dots for corrosion protection:Recent advances and future perspectives

Metal corrosion causes significant economic losses,safety issues,and environmental pollution.Hence,its prevention is of immense research interest.Carbon dots(CDs)are a new class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials,which have been considered for corrosion protection applications in recent years due to their corrosion inhibition effect,fluorescence,low toxicity,facile chemical modification,and cost-effectiveness.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis,physical and chemical properties,and anticorrosion mechanisms of functionalized CDs.First,the corrosion inhibition performance of different types of CDs is introduced,followed by discussion on their application in the development of smart protective coatings with self-healing and/or self-reporting properties.The effective barrier formed by CDs in the coatings can inhibit the spread of local damage and achieve self-healing behavior.In addition,diverse functional groups on CDs can interact with Fe^(3+)and H^(+)ions generated during the corrosion process;this interaction changes their fluorescence,thereby demonstrating self-reporting behavior.Moreover,challenges and prospects for the development of CD-based corrosion protection systems are also presented.

Development of aperiodic multilayer mirrors operated at W-Lβline for plasma diagnostics application

Multilayer interference mirrors play a pivotal role in spectroscopic diagnostic systems,which probe electron temperature and density during inertial confinement fusion processes.In this study,aperiodic Mo/B_(4)C multilayer mirrors of varied thick-nesses were investigated for X-ray plasma diagnostics at the 9.67-keV W-Lβline.The thickness distribution of the aperiodic multilayers was designed using the first Bragg diffraction condition and then optimized through a simplex algorithm to realize a narrow bandwidth and consistent spectral response.To enhance spectral accuracy,further refinements were undertaken by matching the grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity data with actual structural parameters.X-ray reflectivity measurements from the SSRF synchrotron radiation facility on the optimized sample showed a reflectivity of 29.7±2.6%,flat-band range of 1.3 keV,and bandwidth of 1.7 keV,making it suitable for high-temperature plasma diagnostics.The study explored the potential of predicting the 9.67 keV reflectivity spectrum using the fitting data from the grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity curves at 8.05 keV.Additionally,the short-term thermal stability of an aperiodic multilayer was assessed using temperature-dependent in situ X-ray measurements.Shifts in the reflectivity spectrum during annealing were attributed to interdiffusion and interfacial relaxation.The research team recommends the aperiodic Mo/B_(4)C multilayer mirror for operations below 300℃.

河北省麻醉专业住院医师规范化培训基地质量建设现状调查与研究

目的探讨河北省麻醉住培基地存在的问题,查找原因制定相应政策,为提升河北省麻醉专业住培质量提供指导依据。方法以河北省18家国家级麻醉专业住院医师规范化培训基地为研究对象,依据2021年国家麻醉专业住院医师规范化培训评估标准,采用统一编制,各基地采用专人填写问卷调查资料,包括各基地基本条件、师资管理、培训过程管理、培训质量管理、保障措施等,填写后由后台自行回收问卷。结果河北省18家国家级麻醉专业住院医师规范化培训基地年麻醉总量达标率为78%,基地亚专业麻醉例数未达标的比例为44%。住培基地麻醉科及疼痛门诊设备配备仪器达标率为89%。结论各麻醉专业基地应行动起来,进一步提升基地水准,加强住培建设内涵,制定确实可行的帮扶措施。