论联合国职员的诉诸司法权

诉诸司法权作为一项重要的基本人权已逐渐成为一种共识。在国际组织与其职员的就业争端中,基于保障国际组织职员的个人权利与维护国际组织的司法管辖豁免这两个方面的需要,联合国已经开始重视诉诸司法权的保障,通过构建和完善其内部司法机制加以落实,并在国际人权保障中取得令人瞩目的成果。在国际组织公共行政权力与日俱增、个人权益受其影响渐深的背景下,对国际法上的个人实现诉诸司法权的联合国实践,具有较强的理论价值与现实意义。当然,目前联合国内部司法上诉机制在诉讼主体、救济措施等方面仍存在不少问题,阻碍了联合国职员诉诸司法权的进一步实现。对此,联合国应继续完善相应制度,其内部司法机构也需要尽可能利用司法裁量权来突破其规约中不合理的限制,以更充分、全面地保障联合国职员的诉诸司法权。

高强度训练:概念厘清、功能分类和应用导向

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,剖析高强度训练概念、功能分类,并提出实践应用导向。基于明确训练强度、持续时间和训练手段等本质特征,认为高强度训练是训练强度大于无氧阈或最大乳酸稳态,持续时间相对短暂,以及训练手段多元变化的综合体能训练体系,涵盖多种功能差异的训练模式。基于本质特征与实践效果差异,高强度训练可以分为高强度间歇、耐力、抗阻、冲刺、功能训练5种训练模式,应用于特定的人群、场景等,发展出改善有氧与无氧系统、肌肉力量或整体体能素质等训练效果。高强度训练在分类功能、项目需求、训练安排、训练内容与训练创新上,以满足精确化选择、专项化体能、复合化训练、整体化设计以及科学化进程等诉求为未来应用导向,对训练强度定量细分、功能效果精专应用、单一模式交互实践、训练板块合理安排以及训练模式创新发展,促进高强度训练专门性训练模式发展和针对性功能实践。

基于神经网络的混杂SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能预测

目的提高混杂SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的韧性,利用卷积神经网络预测其力学性能,以得到力学性能关键因素的影响规律。方法首先,通过实验得到了铝基复合材料的力学性能数据。其次,基于相场裂纹扩展本构,采用Python代码批量生成了不同构型参数的代表性体积单元,并利用Abaqus软件进行了有限元仿真(FEM)。通过代码实现了建模与仿真的一体化构建,利用得到的仿真数据,建立了神经网络模型,并实现了对复合材料力学性能的预测。建模前,对数据进行预处理和筛选,以提高数据质量并降低模型复杂度。最后,建立卷积神经网络,并优化模型的超参数。结果通过建立的神经网络模型,实现了对复合材料力学性能的有效预测。极限强度的预测误差保持在−7%~8.5%,能耗的预测误差保持在−5%~6%,预测精度较高。结论通过结合实验、仿真和卷积神经网络模型,可以更有效地预测混杂SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的力学性能,从而为材料设计和制备提供指导。

面向重大活动电磁安全管控的协同电磁压制方法

该文研究了复杂环境条件下重大活动安保区域的电磁安全协同压制技术问题。首先采用了城市环境电波传播模型,建模分析了城市复杂电磁环境的特征。其次,针对高效电磁压制与有效避免有害干扰问题,利用势博弈方法设计电磁压制设备协同部署算法,基于此,提出了基于遗传算法的压制设备功率优化方法,实现了电磁压制设备协同工作下干扰功率的高效投送。仿真结果表明,所提出的电磁压制设备位置部署算法可获得与理论最优方法(即遍历算法)近似的优异性能,且运算复杂度更低;在保证相同干扰效果下,所提功率优化算法相较于传统干扰功率分配方法的传输功率降低了50%以上,实现了精准协同管控。

中国特色竞技体育竞赛体系的实践偏差及优化路径

《“十四五”体育发展规划》要求构建中国特色竞技体育竞赛体系,并强调需厘清各级各类赛事的功能定位。本研究运用文献资料和逻辑分析等方法,对我国特色竞技体育竞赛体系的生成逻辑、特色旨向与现实实践进行剖析,进而提出优化路径。研究认为:中国特色竞技体育竞赛体系遵循由工具理性到价值理性的目标逻辑,基于单一到多重制度逻辑转变、政府主导到多方共治治理模式转变的影响,逐步由粗放外生式发展向集约内涵式发展方式迈进。其特色功能旨向是建立以精准对标,助力奥运争光为导向的综合性竞赛体系,建立以分类发展,提升竞技水平为导向的各单项竞赛体系,建立以“一体化”,夯实后备基础为导向的青少年竞赛体系。而实践层面,我国特色竞技体育竞赛体系在构建过程中呈现出一定偏差,主要表现在:综合性竞赛奥运争光彰显不足使得其对外聚焦能力受阻,各单项竞赛分类治理能力缺乏使得其多元提升路向受限,青少年竞赛二元系统利益壁垒使得其融合衍化进程受束。为此,中国特色竞技体育竞赛体系应构筑以综合性竞赛体系为核心的精准聚焦发展路径,构架以各单项竞赛体系为支撑的多元治理发展路径和构造以青少年竞赛体系为基础的融合协同发展路径。

多重制度逻辑下我国竞技体育竞赛体制改革的逻辑冲突与发展向路

党的二十大报告明确了我国竞技体育竞赛发展的方向与定位,推进我国竞技体育竞赛体制改革助力体育强国建设、撬动中国式体育现代化发展成为重要议题。从多重制度逻辑视角对我国竞技体育竞赛体制改革进行逻辑审视,发现改革变迁形成了基于国家发展和顶层设计下中央政府的国家逻辑、基于利益固化与政绩导向下职能部门的科层逻辑、基于效益优先和规律主导下行业企业的市场逻辑、基于权益保障和竞赛公平下运动员的个人逻辑。不同行为主体的利益博弈促成了多重制度逻辑间的相互冲突,国家逻辑与科层逻辑、市场逻辑、个人逻辑间存在着政策与选择执行、市场缺陷、公平诉求的冲突,科层逻辑与市场逻辑、个人逻辑存在着权力与契约追求、全面发展的冲突,市场逻辑与个人逻辑存在着逐利与权益保障的冲突。基于协同治理理念,提出我国竞技体育竞赛体制改革的发展向路为:中央政府应以竞技体育竞赛政策为引领进行顶层设计、地方政府及其职能部门应优化以法理为基础的竞赛治理模式、行业企业应推进市场调节为主导的竞赛发展机制、运动员应参与完善以话语为支撑的反馈和保障制度。

中药左金丸逆转胃癌顺铂耐药的作用机制

目的:探讨左金丸逆转胃癌顺铂耐药的作用机制。方法:体外实验采用人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901及人胃癌顺铂耐药细胞株SGC-7901/DDP,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率;免疫蛋白印迹法和实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测左金丸干预后各组基因蛋白表达量;同时构建RTKN基因慢病毒载体转染的胃癌细胞系并验证,结合CCK-8法、qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测RTKN基因干扰对胃癌细胞顺铂耐药性的影响。裸鼠体内实验将RTKN干扰的SGC-7901/DDP细胞移植到裸鼠皮下,分别给予左金丸干预4周后,记录移植瘤大小,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,Western blot检测RTKN、p53、Ace-p53、HDAC1蛋白的表达量。结果:SGC-7901/DDP细胞中的RTKN表达量显著高于SGC-7901细胞,沉默RTKN显著降低SGC-7901/DDP细胞的耐药性;左金丸可显著降低SGC-7901/DDP细胞的耐药性,但沉默RTKN后其对SGC-7901/DDP细胞的耐药性及对裸鼠皮下移植瘤体积无明显影响,提示降低RTKN表达后,左金丸的抗肿瘤作用被抑制。结论:RTKN通过p53脱乙酰化途径增加SGC-7901/DDP细胞对顺铂的耐受性;左金丸能有效增加化疗药物对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用,通过抑制RTKN介导p53组蛋白脱乙酰化逆转胃癌顺铂耐药。

基于超声毛细效应的电镀金刚石线切割工作液供给基础研究

薄片化、细线化是太阳能硅片切割的重要发展趋势,有利于光伏行业降本增效、降低发电的度电成本。细线化切割导致硅片间距小于100μm,薄片化则降低硅片抗弯能力,因此硅片间极易发生硅片吸附贴合现象,从而增加了硅片破裂风险。为此,提出将超声波毛细效应用于电镀金刚石线硅片切割,以减少和抑制晶圆吸附。为探究平板间超声波毛细作用规律进而指导工业应用,分别研究了平行板间距、平板与超声水槽底面间距、平板间不平行、表面活性剂、工作液温度和超声作用时间对超声波毛细现象的影响规律。研究结论为工业应用提供了指导,有助于抑制晶圆吸附,减小晶圆弯曲度,降低细线切割硅片的表面裂纹损伤,提高其断裂强度。

化工地块污染土壤中砷的生物有效性研究

生物有效态重金属通过土壤进入人体的途径是工业地块人体健康风险评估较少关注的内容,有效态重金属含量的准确性影响了人体健康风险评估结果的可靠性。以某典型的化工地块为例,采集不同污染程度的土壤样品,采用Tessier顺序提取方法测定土壤不同形态砷含量和砷的生物活性系数,采用In Vitro胃肠模拟实验计算砷在胃和小肠阶段的生物有效性,对比开展砷的生物有效性研究。结果表明,土壤样品中残渣态砷含量占比最高,而有效态砷含量占比较低,生物活性系数为0.0024~0.0210;胃和小肠阶段吸收的有效态砷含量与土壤砷含量呈线性正相关关系,砷的生物有效性为0.78%~36.81%;Tessier顺序提取法得到的有效态砷含量与In Vitro方法相比是偏低的。建议在进行重金属污染土壤的人体健康风险评估时,针对性地开展消化系统模拟实验,得到较为可靠的有效态重金属含量数据。

食用菌产业链下游推移关键节点技术研究进展

随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,食用菌作为具有较高营养价值的农产品备受关注。我国作为食用菌生产和消费大国,年产量和总产值迅速提高,但仍存在食用菌产业链发展不均衡问题。在产业链下游推移的过程中,菌种选育技术落后、生产技术标准化程度低、加工技术落后等一些关键节点技术短板,影响着产品品质和附加值,阻碍产业链高效运转。本文通过现场调研、问卷调查及文献查询等方式,通过数据统计分析,明确阻碍食用菌产业链下游推移关键节点,解析关键节点技术问题,提出解决技术短板的方法措施和产业发展建议,为推动食用菌产业高质量发展提供有效支撑。

金属基复合材料的内源性效应

复合化是实现金属材料高性能化、多功能化的有效途径。通过在金属基体中引入高性能增强相形成金属基复合材料,可显著提升基体本征性能,实现传统金属材料无法比拟的高比强度、高比刚度、低膨胀等优异力学与功能特性。然而,受限于其工程化材料属性以及常规复合效应,金属基复合材料的进一步发展面临巨大挑战。突破传统复合性能上限需要发展复合新理念与新途径,在此提出“金属基复合材料的内源性效应”设计新原理,目的是通过复合组分之间的强相互影响,获得超越线性叠加的非常规复合效应。从金属基复合材料力学性能与功能特性2个方面出发,以典型研究结果为例综述了内源性复合实现金属基复合材料超优性能的基本途径及其关键作用,最后进行了总结与展望,为新型高性能金属基复合材料的设计和创制提供新思路。

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in spotted halibut Verasper variegatus at the embryonic and metamorphic stages

As an aquatic fish,the spotted halibut Verasper variegatus is highly susceptible to bacterial and virus infections.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)as a cytokine could control the inflammatory responses.The functions of TNF-αin many species have been widely studied,particularly in mammals.However,little is known about the TNF-αfunctions in V.variegatus.We first cloned and sequenced the TNF-αgene in V.variegatus(VvTNF-α).The two conserved cysteine residues,transmembrane sequence,Thr-Leu motif,and TNF family signature,as well as the TA-rich motifs of its proteins related to inflammatory responses had high similarity to those of the other teleost and mammalian TNF-α.The phylogenetic analysis showed that VvTNF-αwas consistent with TNF-αgenes of other vertebrates.The VvTNF-αtranscripts were extensively distributed in the peripheral blood leukocytes(PBLs),spleen,and gill,indicating that the VvTNF-αhad a role in immune function.Furthermore,treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)could induce a rapid and significant increase of VvTNF-αin the PBLs,which reveals that VvTNF-αdoes participate in the host immune responses against bacterial and viral pathogens.We found that VvTNF-αhad an interesting expression pattern during metamorphosis,showing that the flatfish TNF-αmay have some novel functions during specific developmental stages.In addition,the 3 D structure prediction of VvTNF-αprovided an indication of how it is likely to interact with other proteins.Therefore,VvTNF-αhas multiple functions,and provides valuable information to explore novel functions of TNF-α.

SCR脱硝系统深度调峰设计及设备选型优化探讨

对燃煤机组进行深度调峰和灵活性改造,提高电网对可再生能源的消纳能力,落实绿色发展政策,是我国火电机组的发展方向。脱硝系统在所有环保设备中的控制难度和对下游设备的安全隐患最大。针对脱硝系统,从设计和设备选型角度出发,对工艺、控制、烟温提升等方面改进优化探讨,涉及流场、氨空混合系统、CEMS仪表测量及配置、烟气旁路注入结构及挡板门叶片形式、烟温测点等方面,为各电厂提供改造思路。最终实现机组深度调峰安全、稳定、经济运行。

Molecular Cloning, Expression Pattern, and 3D Structural Prediction of the Cold Inducible RNA- Binding Protein(CIRP) in Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP) is a kind of RNA binding proteins that plays important roles in many physiological processes. The CIRP has been widely studied in mammals and amphibians since it was first cloned from mammals. On the contrary, there are little reports in teleosts. In this study, the Po CIRP gene of the Japanese flounder was cloned and sequenced. The genomic sequence consists of seven exons and six introns. The putative Po CIRP protein of flounder was 198 amino acid residues long containing the RNA recognition motif(RRM). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the flounder Po CIRP is highly conserved with other teleost CIRPs. The 5' flanking sequence was cloned by genome walking and many transcription factor binding sites were identified. There is a Cp Gs region located in promoter and exon I region and the methylation state is low. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis uncovered that Po CIRP gene was widely expressed in adult tissues with the highest expression level in the ovary. The m RNA of the Po CIRP was maternally deposited and the expression level of the gene was regulated up during the gastrula and neurula stages. In order to gain the information how the protein interacts with m RNA, we performed the modeling of the 3D structure of the flounder Po CIRP. The results showed a cleft existing the surface of the molecular. Taken together, the results indicate that the CIRP is a multifunctional molecular in teleosts and the findings about the structure provide valuable information for understanding the basis of this protein's function.

Novel Functions of Interleukin-1 Beta in Spotted Halibut(Verasper variegatus) at Its Embryonic and Metamorphic Stages

Interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) is a cytokine involved in the control of inflammatory responses.The functions of IL-1β have been extensively studied in many vertebrates.However,few studies focused on the functions of IL-1β in the spotted halibut(Verasper variegatus),an endangered aquatic fish that easily suffers from bacterial and viral infections.We first cloned and sequenced the IL-1β gene from V.variegatus(Vv IL-1β).Its conservative interleukin-1 propeptide and interleukin-1/18 domains corresponding regions,characteristics of the IL-1 protein family and TA-rich motifs relating to inflammatory responses were similar to those of the IL-1β genes from other teleost and mammals.The phylogenetic analysis showed that Vv IL-1β was homologous to the IL-1β gene of other vertebrates.Treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) induced a significant and rapid up-regulation of Vv IL-1β expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes(PBLs),revealing that Vv IL-1β is actively involved in the host immune responses against bacterial and viral pathogens.The expression level of Vv IL-1β was relatively high in the PBLs,gill,and intestine,indicating the immunological function of Vv IL-1β.Vv IL-1β also had interesting expression patterns at specific developmental stages,implying that the IL-1β of flatfishes may have some novel functions during embryonic development and metamorphosis.The 3 D structure prediction also provided information about how Vv IL-1β interacts with its receptor protein.These results suggested that Vv IL-1β may have multiple functions in V.variegatus and provided us valuable information for understanding the novel functions of IL-1β.

GATA4 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of SOX2 in Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

GATA4,as a member of the GATA transcription factor family,plays a significant role in lineage specification and trans-differentiation of cells by regulating target gene expression.In this study,the potential transcription factor binding sites in the pro-moter of Paralichthys olivaceus sox2 gene were analyzed,and a GATA4-binding motif was identified.A cleaved amplified poly-morphic sequence-based binding assay experiment was performed,and the results showed a significant binding process between the Homo sapiens GATA4 recombinant protein and the DNA fragment of P.olivaceus sox2 promoter.Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GATA4 could improve the activity of the P.olivaceus sox2 promoter.Overexpression of P.olivaceus GATA4 could also increase the sox2 mRNA expression level in flounder brain cells.Overall,our results indicate that sox2 is a target gene of GATA4 in P.oliva-ceus.Sox2 is implicated in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and can reprogram differentiated cells to iPS cells.In addition,sox2 is involved in the development of the central nervous system(CNS).Therefore,this study may provide a reference for exploring the function of P.olivaceus GATA4 in the regulation of pluripotent stem cells and the development of the CNS.

Transcriptome Profile Based on Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Provides a Set of Core Genes for Understanding the Metabolic Mechanisms of the Egg-Protecting Behavior in Amphioctopus fangsiao

Marine organisms cannot grow and reproduce without proper metabolic regulation.Within a metabolic network,problems with a given link will affect the normal life activities of the organism.Many metabolic mechanisms associated with behaviors of Am-phioctopus fangsiao are still unclear.Moreover,as a factor affecting the normal growth of A.fangsiao,egg protection has rarely been considered in previous behavioral studies.In this research,we analyzed the transcriptome profile of gene expression in A.fangsiao egg-unprotected larvae and egg-protected larvae,and identified 818 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).We used GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to search for metabolism-related DEGs.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to examine the interactions between metabolism-related genes.Twenty hub genes with multiple protein-protein interaction relationships or that were involved in multiple KEGG signaling pathways were obtained and verified by quantitative RT-PCR.We first studied the effects of egg protection on the metabolism of A.fangsiao larvae by means of protein-protein interaction networks,and the results provide va-luable gene resources for understanding the metabolism of invertebrate larvae.The data serve as a foundation for further research on the egg-protecting behavior of invertebrates.

功能性动作筛查(FMS):争议、局限及拓展

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究法,对功能性动作筛查(FMS)进行系统梳理与客观评价,从相关争议总结功能性动作筛查存在的功能局限,并针对性进行优化与拓展。研究认为,功能性动作筛查的争议集中于是否能预测运动损伤,与竞技表现是否相关以及信效度问题等。在实践中,思维不能禁锢于FMS就是7个基础动作的筛查,也不应局限于仅用7个动作就衡量运动员的基本动作能力;引起争议的原因是FMS自身存在功能局限:无叠加负荷,无法反映特定负荷下的稳定与灵活;惟稳定支撑,无法体现非稳定动作的对称与平衡;不满足专项,无法契合专项技能表现的核心诉求。在竞技体育中应用FMS应考虑筛查动作叠加多维负荷,以期拓展筛查深层弱势;动作进阶非稳支撑以期拓展筛查动态平衡;动作契合专项技术以期拓展筛查深入专项,促进运动员从功能到体能、从基础到专项的衔接,进而使FMS更加契合竞技体育评估的诉求。

基于功能诉求的体能训练:功能厘清与诉求整合

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法与逻辑分析法等研究方法,针对体能训练的功能源流与诉求整合进行整理、分析与归纳。研究表明:基于功能诉求的体能训练是功能性体能训练理想表达的一种训练理念;体能训练的功能是客观存在的,而不同训练者对体能训练的诉求是主观的、特定的;基于功能诉求的体能训练在概念上强调了使用者的不同诉求与体能训练皆具功能性的客观体现,是体能训练理论与实践相结合的应有之义。在基于功能诉求的体能训练过程中,体能训练功能与训练者诉求有机结合,平衡、进阶、叠加、专门功能对训练安排、训练内容、训练负荷与方法手段的切实诉求做出应答,以体现基于功能诉求的体能训练理念贯穿运动训练全过程的需要。

TDoA定位盲区分析与节点部署策略研究

以克拉美罗下界(CRLB)作为定位精度衡量指标进行分析,探讨到达时间差(TDoA)定位场景中定位盲区的产生条件,分析不同因素对定位盲区的影响。此外,以无线传感器网络(WSN)所覆盖区域的平均CRLB为目标函数,构建了传感器节点优化部署问题,并提出基于定位盲区预判断的遗传算法进行求解。仿真验证了单信号源定位时CRLB的性质以及定位盲区的产生条件和出现区域。仿真结果表明,采用所提基于定位盲区预判断的遗传算法获得的节点部署方案时,定位精度比均匀角度部署提高33.92%,比区域顶点部署提升13.74%,比直接遗传算法提升9.65%。