Triamcinolone as an adjunct to the combination of anti-VEGF for the management of diabetic macular edema

AIM:To assess the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone(IVTA)as an adjunct to the combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)for the management of diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:A total of 51 patients with visual disabilities causing by DME from two sites were retrospectively collected and assigned to two groups according to the therapeutic method:intravitreal conbercept(IVC)combined with focal laser(24 eyes)and IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA(27 eyes).Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),the required number of IVCs,central retinal thickness(CRT),the mean costs of treatment burden and safety were compared over 12 mo.RESULTS:From baseline to month 1 through month 12,IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA improved the mean average change in BCVA superior to IVC combined with focal laser(+5.20 vs+2.71 letters).At month 12,20.83%of the IVC combined with focal laser and 37.04%of IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA arms gained more than 10 BCVA letters.During the period,the mean CRT decreased significantly in the IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA arm(-245.9μm)compared to the IVC combined with focal laser arm(-98.45μm).The average of 6.45 and 1.25 conbercept injections performed in the IVC combined with focal laser and IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA arms,respectively.The mean cost of treatment burden for 12 mo was$6247.44±4069.18 in the IVC combined with focal laser arm and$1679.19±542.73 in the IVC combined with focal laser and IVTA arm,with a statistically significant difference.Apart from occasional minor subconjunctival hemorrhage,no other significant ocular adverse events(AEs)were observed in either group during the 12-month period.CONCLUSION:It is effective and cost-effective to treat DME by utilizing triamcinolone as an adjunct to the combination of anti-VEGF.