Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal ...Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro after exposure to amyloid-beta peptide fragment 25–35（Aβ_（25–35））, and to explore whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） and Akt signaling pathways are involved in these biological processes. We cultured hippocampal neurons from newborn rats for 24 hours, then added Rg1 to the medium for another 24 hours, with or without pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） family or Akt signaling pathways for a further 24 hours. We then immunostained the neurons for growth associated protein-43, and measured neurite length. In a separate experiment, we exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to Aβ_（25–35） for 30 minutes, before adding Rg1 for 48 hours, with or without Akt or MAPK inhibitors, and assessed neuronal survival using Hoechst 33258 staining, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt by western blot analysis. Rg1 induced neurite outgrowth, and this effect was blocked by API-2（Akt inhibitor） and PD98059（MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor）, but not by SP600125 or SB203580（inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, respectively）. Consistent with this effect, Rg1 upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2; these effects were reversed by API-2 and PD98059, respectively. In addition, Rg1 significantly reversed Aβ_（25–35）-induced apoptosis; this effect was blocked by API-2 and PD98059, but not by SP600125 or SB203580. Finally, Rg1 significantly reversed the Aβ_（25–35）-induced decrease in Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but API-2 prevented this reversal. Our results indicate that Rg1 enhances neurite outgrowth and protects against Aβ_（25–35）-induced damage, and that its mechanism may involve the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.展开更多
Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are available.This study evaluated the impact of m...Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are available.This study evaluated the impact of main vessel(MV)calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI.Methods This is a multicenter,prospective,observational study.Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017.Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification.Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit.Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year.We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch(SB),and target lesion failure(TLF),defined as a composite of cardiac death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification.Results A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.MV calcification was detected in 119(64.3%,calcification group)and not found in 66(35.7%,non-calcification group)patients.The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8%in the calcification group and 97.0%in the non-calcification group(P=0.91);the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8%in the calcification group and 53.0%in the non-calcification group(P<0.05).During the one-year follow-up period,TLF occurred in 14(11.8%)patients in the calcification group and in 13(19.7%)in the non-calcification group{P=0.31).Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result(HR=1.23,95%CI:0.76-1.52,P=0.47).Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group(13.51%vs.17.65%,P<0.05).Conclusions In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach,calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate,it could increase recurrence of angina;however,it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.展开更多
Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks ...Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.展开更多
Takotsubo syndrome(TTS),also known as stressinduced cardiomyopathy,which was first described in Japanese patients in 1990 by Sato,et al.,[1]is a syndrome that is being increasingly recognized worldwide and usually cha...Takotsubo syndrome(TTS),also known as stressinduced cardiomyopathy,which was first described in Japanese patients in 1990 by Sato,et al.,[1]is a syndrome that is being increasingly recognized worldwide and usually characterized by transient left ventricular(LV)systolic dysfu-nction after emotional or physical stress,with a good prognosis.TTS mimics acute coronary syndrome(ACS)because it is often presented with chest pain,ST-segment and T-wave changes on the electrocardiogram(ECG),and mildly elevated cardiac enzyme levels.展开更多
Tricheary elements （TEs）, wrapped by secondary cell wall, play essential roles in water, mineral, and nutrient transduction. Cadmium （Cd） is a toxic heavy metal that is absorbed by roots and transported to shoot, ...Tricheary elements （TEs）, wrapped by secondary cell wall, play essential roles in water, mineral, and nutrient transduction. Cadmium （Cd） is a toxic heavy metal that is absorbed by roots and transported to shoot, leaves, and grains through vascular systems in plants. As rice is a major source of Cd intake, many efforts have been made to establish ＇low- Cd rice＇. However, no links have been found between cellulose biosynthesis and cadmium accumulation. We report here a rice brittle culm13 mutant, resulting from a novel missense mutation （G101K） in the N-terminus of cellulose synthase subunit 9 （CESA9）. Except for the abnormal mechanical strength, the mutant plants are morphologically indistinguishable from the wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and chemical analyses showed a slight reduction in secondary wall thickness and 22% decrease in cellulose content in bc13 plants. Moreover, this mutation unexpectedly confers the mutant plants Cd tolerance due to less Cd accumulation in leaves. Expression analysis of the genes required for Cd uptake and transport revealed complicated alterations after applying Cd to wild-type and bc13. The mutants were further found to have altered vascular structure. More importantly, Cd concentration in the xylem saps from the bc13 plants was significantly lower than that from the wild-type. Combining the analyses of CESA9 gene expression and Cd content retention in the cell-wall residues, we conclude that CESA9^G101K mutation alters cell-wall properties in the conducting tissues, which consequently affects Cd translocation efficiency that largely contributes to the low Cd accumulation in the mutant plants.展开更多
Background:Natural killer(NK)cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection,but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individual...Background:Natural killer(NK)cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection,but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy(ART)is limited.Methods:We performed a case-control study with 35 healthy individuals and 66 HIV-1-infected patients including 32 immunological non-responders(INRs)with poor CD4+T-cell recovery(<500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART)and 34 immunological responders(IRs)with improved CD4+T-cell recovery(>500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART).NK cell phenotype,receptor repertoire,and early activation in INRs and IRs were investigated by flow cytometry.Results:A significantly higher proportion of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells was observed in INRs than IRs before ART and after 4 years of ART.The number of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells was inversely correlated with CD4+T-cell counts in INRs before ART(r=-0.344,P=0.050).The more CD69-expressing NK cells there were,the lower the CD4+T-cell counts andΔCD4,and these correlations were observed in INRs after ART(r=-0.416,P=0.019;r=-0.509,P=0.003,respectively).Additionally,CD69-expressing CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells were more abundant in INRs than those in IRs(P=0.018)after ART,both of which had an inverse association trend towards significance with CD4+T-cell counts.The expression of the activating receptors NKG2C,NKG2D,and NKp46 on CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cell subsets were higher in IRs than that in INRs after 4 years of ART(all P<0.01).Strong inverse correlations were observed between CD69 expression and NKG2C,NKG2A-NKG2C+,NKG2D,and NKp46 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells in INRs after ART(NKG2C:r=-0.491,P=0.004;NKG2A-NKG2C+:r=-0.434,P=0.013;NKG2D:r=-0.405,P=0.021;NKp46:r=-0.457,P=0.008,respectively).Conclusions:INRs had a larger number of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells characterized by higher activation levels than did IRs after ART.The increase in the CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cell subset may play an adverse role in immune reconstitution.Further functional studies of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells in INRs are urgently needed to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery.展开更多
This study aimed to identify functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene promoter and evaluate their effects on the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with hepatitis B virus(HBV)i...This study aimed to identify functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene promoter and evaluate their effects on the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.We conducted a population-based,case-control study enrolling 630 Han Chinese people in Hubei province.Subjects included primary HCC patients with HBV infection(n=210),chronic hepatitis B cases(n=210)and healthy Han Chinese(n=210).-1195G/A polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)and sequencing analysis.We found-1195A allele carriers had a higher risk of HCC with HBV infection(OR,0.72;95%CI,0.548–0.946).The-1195A allele might be used as a marker in screening individuals at high risk of HCC with HBV infection.展开更多
Rare earth element gadolinium-doped aluminum–zinc oxide（Gd–AZO） semiconductor thin film material was deposited on both silicon and glass substrate by radio frequency（RF） sputtering at room temperature.Electrical...Rare earth element gadolinium-doped aluminum–zinc oxide（Gd–AZO） semiconductor thin film material was deposited on both silicon and glass substrate by radio frequency（RF） sputtering at room temperature.Electrical properties and microstructure of Gd–AZO thin film were mainly modulated by altering O2 partial pressure（OPP） during the RF sputtering process.Scanning electron microscope（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） test were carried out to uncover the microstructure variation trend with the sputtering OPP,and amorphous structure which is beneficial to large mass industry manufacture was also demonstrated by the XRD pattern.Transmittance in visible light spectrum implies the potential application for Gd–AZO to be used in transparent material field.Finally,bottom gate,top contact device structure thin film transistors（TFTs） with Gd–AZO thin film as the active channel layer were fabricated to verify the semiconductor availability of Gd–AZO thin film material.Besides,the Gd–AZO TFTs exhibit preferable transfer and output characteristics.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program),No.2010CB945600,2011CB965100the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070987,30971531,81371213a grant from the International Science & Technology Collaboration Program,No.2011DF30010
文摘Ginsenoside Rg1（Rg1） has anti-aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Rg1 affects hippocampal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro after exposure to amyloid-beta peptide fragment 25–35（Aβ_（25–35））, and to explore whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） and Akt signaling pathways are involved in these biological processes. We cultured hippocampal neurons from newborn rats for 24 hours, then added Rg1 to the medium for another 24 hours, with or without pharmacological inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） family or Akt signaling pathways for a further 24 hours. We then immunostained the neurons for growth associated protein-43, and measured neurite length. In a separate experiment, we exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to Aβ_（25–35） for 30 minutes, before adding Rg1 for 48 hours, with or without Akt or MAPK inhibitors, and assessed neuronal survival using Hoechst 33258 staining, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt by western blot analysis. Rg1 induced neurite outgrowth, and this effect was blocked by API-2（Akt inhibitor） and PD98059（MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor）, but not by SP600125 or SB203580（inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, respectively）. Consistent with this effect, Rg1 upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2; these effects were reversed by API-2 and PD98059, respectively. In addition, Rg1 significantly reversed Aβ_（25–35）-induced apoptosis; this effect was blocked by API-2 and PD98059, but not by SP600125 or SB203580. Finally, Rg1 significantly reversed the Aβ_（25–35）-induced decrease in Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but API-2 prevented this reversal. Our results indicate that Rg1 enhances neurite outgrowth and protects against Aβ_（25–35）-induced damage, and that its mechanism may involve the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670218-Mechanism study of CKIP-1 Regulating programmed necrosis induced by Myocardial Reperfusion Injury)
文摘Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are available.This study evaluated the impact of main vessel(MV)calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI.Methods This is a multicenter,prospective,observational study.Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017.Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification.Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit.Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year.We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch(SB),and target lesion failure(TLF),defined as a composite of cardiac death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification.Results A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.MV calcification was detected in 119(64.3%,calcification group)and not found in 66(35.7%,non-calcification group)patients.The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8%in the calcification group and 97.0%in the non-calcification group(P=0.91);the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8%in the calcification group and 53.0%in the non-calcification group(P<0.05).During the one-year follow-up period,TLF occurred in 14(11.8%)patients in the calcification group and in 13(19.7%)in the non-calcification group{P=0.31).Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result(HR=1.23,95%CI:0.76-1.52,P=0.47).Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group(13.51%vs.17.65%,P<0.05).Conclusions In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach,calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate,it could increase recurrence of angina;however,it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51701130,51571146,and 51771124.
文摘Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect(MCE)of the RSi(R=Ce,Pr,Nd)compounds made of Misch metal(MM)are investigated.Two transitions are found at 12K and 38K.Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change(△S)curves,which correspond to the two transition temperatures.The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes(△S)are found to be-5.1 J/(kg·K)and-9.3 J/(kg·K)for the field ranges of 0-2 T and 0-5 T,respectively.The large AS as well as ultra-low price of MM make(MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.
文摘Takotsubo syndrome(TTS),also known as stressinduced cardiomyopathy,which was first described in Japanese patients in 1990 by Sato,et al.,[1]is a syndrome that is being increasingly recognized worldwide and usually characterized by transient left ventricular(LV)systolic dysfu-nction after emotional or physical stress,with a good prognosis.TTS mimics acute coronary syndrome(ACS)because it is often presented with chest pain,ST-segment and T-wave changes on the electrocardiogram(ECG),and mildly elevated cardiac enzyme levels.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China for transgenic research （2011ZX08009- 003） the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China （2012CB114501） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31125019）.We thank Tai-Hua Zhang （Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China） for measurement of breaking force of rice plants, and Hong-Zhi Zhang （Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China） for elemental analysis. No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Tricheary elements （TEs）, wrapped by secondary cell wall, play essential roles in water, mineral, and nutrient transduction. Cadmium （Cd） is a toxic heavy metal that is absorbed by roots and transported to shoot, leaves, and grains through vascular systems in plants. As rice is a major source of Cd intake, many efforts have been made to establish ＇low- Cd rice＇. However, no links have been found between cellulose biosynthesis and cadmium accumulation. We report here a rice brittle culm13 mutant, resulting from a novel missense mutation （G101K） in the N-terminus of cellulose synthase subunit 9 （CESA9）. Except for the abnormal mechanical strength, the mutant plants are morphologically indistinguishable from the wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and chemical analyses showed a slight reduction in secondary wall thickness and 22% decrease in cellulose content in bc13 plants. Moreover, this mutation unexpectedly confers the mutant plants Cd tolerance due to less Cd accumulation in leaves. Expression analysis of the genes required for Cd uptake and transport revealed complicated alterations after applying Cd to wild-type and bc13. The mutants were further found to have altered vascular structure. More importantly, Cd concentration in the xylem saps from the bc13 plants was significantly lower than that from the wild-type. Combining the analyses of CESA9 gene expression and Cd content retention in the cell-wall residues, we conclude that CESA9^G101K mutation alters cell-wall properties in the conducting tissues, which consequently affects Cd translocation efficiency that largely contributes to the low Cd accumulation in the mutant plants.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81772165,81974303,81571973,and 82072271)the NSFC-NIH Biomedical collaborative research program(No.81761128001)+3 种基金the National 13th Five-Year Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease Control(Nos.2017ZX10202102-005-003 and 2017ZX10202101-004-001)the Beijing Municipal of Science and Technology Major Project(No.D161100000416003)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(No.BZ0089)the Key Project of Tianjin Second People’s Hospital(No.YS0001)。
文摘Background:Natural killer(NK)cells play a critical role in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection,but knowledge on whether and how NK cells affect immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected individuals who receive antiretroviral therapy(ART)is limited.Methods:We performed a case-control study with 35 healthy individuals and 66 HIV-1-infected patients including 32 immunological non-responders(INRs)with poor CD4+T-cell recovery(<500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART)and 34 immunological responders(IRs)with improved CD4+T-cell recovery(>500 cells/μL after 4 years of ART).NK cell phenotype,receptor repertoire,and early activation in INRs and IRs were investigated by flow cytometry.Results:A significantly higher proportion of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells was observed in INRs than IRs before ART and after 4 years of ART.The number of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells was inversely correlated with CD4+T-cell counts in INRs before ART(r=-0.344,P=0.050).The more CD69-expressing NK cells there were,the lower the CD4+T-cell counts andΔCD4,and these correlations were observed in INRs after ART(r=-0.416,P=0.019;r=-0.509,P=0.003,respectively).Additionally,CD69-expressing CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells were more abundant in INRs than those in IRs(P=0.018)after ART,both of which had an inverse association trend towards significance with CD4+T-cell counts.The expression of the activating receptors NKG2C,NKG2D,and NKp46 on CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cell subsets were higher in IRs than that in INRs after 4 years of ART(all P<0.01).Strong inverse correlations were observed between CD69 expression and NKG2C,NKG2A-NKG2C+,NKG2D,and NKp46 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells in INRs after ART(NKG2C:r=-0.491,P=0.004;NKG2A-NKG2C+:r=-0.434,P=0.013;NKG2D:r=-0.405,P=0.021;NKp46:r=-0.457,P=0.008,respectively).Conclusions:INRs had a larger number of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells characterized by higher activation levels than did IRs after ART.The increase in the CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cell subset may play an adverse role in immune reconstitution.Further functional studies of CD56dimCD16dim/-NK cells in INRs are urgently needed to inform targeted interventions to optimize immune recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30872237)the Special Funds for State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(973 Program)(No.2007CB512903).
文摘This study aimed to identify functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene promoter and evaluate their effects on the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.We conducted a population-based,case-control study enrolling 630 Han Chinese people in Hubei province.Subjects included primary HCC patients with HBV infection(n=210),chronic hepatitis B cases(n=210)and healthy Han Chinese(n=210).-1195G/A polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)and sequencing analysis.We found-1195A allele carriers had a higher risk of HCC with HBV infection(OR,0.72;95%CI,0.548–0.946).The-1195A allele might be used as a marker in screening individuals at high risk of HCC with HBV infection.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2011CBA00600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61275025)
文摘Rare earth element gadolinium-doped aluminum–zinc oxide（Gd–AZO） semiconductor thin film material was deposited on both silicon and glass substrate by radio frequency（RF） sputtering at room temperature.Electrical properties and microstructure of Gd–AZO thin film were mainly modulated by altering O2 partial pressure（OPP） during the RF sputtering process.Scanning electron microscope（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） test were carried out to uncover the microstructure variation trend with the sputtering OPP,and amorphous structure which is beneficial to large mass industry manufacture was also demonstrated by the XRD pattern.Transmittance in visible light spectrum implies the potential application for Gd–AZO to be used in transparent material field.Finally,bottom gate,top contact device structure thin film transistors（TFTs） with Gd–AZO thin film as the active channel layer were fabricated to verify the semiconductor availability of Gd–AZO thin film material.Besides,the Gd–AZO TFTs exhibit preferable transfer and output characteristics.
