Baicalin inhibits PDGF-BB-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through suppressing PDGFRβ-ERK signaling and increase in p27 accumulation and prevents injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia

脉管的光滑的肌肉房间(VSMC ) 的增加的增长和移植是在动脉粥样硬化患者损害的开发的关键事件。Baicalin，导出植物的 flavonoid 混合物，以前被显示了通过多重小径在癌症房间导致 apoptosis 和生长抑制。然而，在 VSMC 增长和心血管的疾病的预防的规定的 baicalin 的潜在的角色仍然保持未经勘探。在这研究，我们证明有 baicalin 的那个预告的处理有一个剂量依赖者 PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC 增长上的禁止的效果，与增殖的减小伴随了房间原子抗原(PCNA ) 表示。我们也证明导致 baicalin 的生长抑制在在 p27 的激活和增加在刺激 PDGF 的 VSMC 铺平的 cyclin E-CDK2 与减少被联系，它看起来是部分至少由 PDGF 受体尾的封锁调停了(PDGFR 尾) 发信号的细胞外的调整信号的 kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2 ) 。另外， baicalin 也被发现禁止 PDGF-BB 在 VSMC 导致的粘附分子表达式和房间移植。而且，使用一根动物颈动脉动脉的汽球损害模型，我们发现 baicalin 显著地禁止了 neointimal 增生。一起拿，我们的结果在导致生长揭示 baicalin 的新奇功能在汽球损害以后刺激 PDGF 的 VSMC 和压制的 neointimal 增生逮捕，并且建议内在的机制经由 PDGFR 尾 - 的封锁包含在 p27 累积的 cyclin E-CDK2 激活和增加的抑制 ERK1/2 发信号串联。

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_（72.2）Cr_（16.8）Ni_（7.3）Mo_（1.6）Mn_（0.7）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） and Fe_（77.3）Cr_（15.8）Ni_（3.9）Mo_（1.1）Mn_（0.5）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied.The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium,tungsten,and cobalt and very little molybdenum.The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases,such as duplex（γ＋α）-Fe and the Fe–Cr（Ni）solid solution,confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction,and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding,and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear.Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_（72.2）Cr_（16.8）Ni_（7.3）Mo_（1.6）Mn_（0.7）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance,low corrosion current,and positive corrosion potential,providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.

Effects of Corticosterone, cAMP, cGMP, Ca^(2+), and Protein Kinase C on Apoptosis of Mouse Thymocytes Induced by X-ray Irradiation

Objective To observe the effects of signal factors of corticosterone （CS）, cAMP, cGMP, Ca^2＋ and protein kinase C （PKC） on lymphocyte apoptosis in mouse thymus induced by X-rays of 4 Gy in vitro. Methods The DNA lyric rate for thymocytes was measured by fluomspectrophotometry. Results The DNA lyric rate for thymocytes 4-8 hours after irradiation with 2-8 Gy was significantly higher than that in the control （P〈0.01）. As compared with the control, the DNA lyric rate for thymocytes treated with 0.01 μnol/L CS （P〈0.01）, 50 ng/mL cAMP （P〈0.01）, 0.05-0.4 μg/mL ionomycin （Iono, P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） or 0.05-0.4 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate （PMA, P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, respectively, was significantly increased, while the rate for thymocytes treated with 50 ng/mL cGMP was not significantly increased. The DNA lyric rate for thymocytes treated with 0.01 μmol/L CS （P〈0.01）, 50 ng/mL cAMP （P〈0.01）, 0.2 and 0.4 μg/mL Iono （P〈0.05）, and 0.2 and 0.4 ng/mL PMA （P〈0.05） plus 4-Gy irradiation, respectively, was significantly higher than that treated with single 4-Gy irradiation, while the rate for thymocytes treated with 50 ng/mL cGMP plus 4-Gy irradiation was not increased. When both 0.4 I.tg/mL Iono and 0.4 ng/mL PMA acted on the thymocytes, the DNA lyric rate for thymocytes was significantly higher than that in the control （P〈0.01）, the DNA lytic rate for thymocytes treated with both 0.4 μg/mL Iono and 0.4 ng/mL PMA plus 4-Gy irradiation was significantly higher than that treated with single 4-Gy irradiation （P〈0.05）, but was Iono plus 4-Gy irradiation or 0.4 ng/mL PMA plus 4-Gy irradiation. can promote thymocyte apoptosis induced by larger dose X-rays. not significantly higher than that treated with 0.4 μg/mL Conclusion CS, cAMP, Ca^2＋, and PKC signal factors can promote thymocyte apoptosis induced by larger dose X-rays.

Advances in electrical impedance tomography-based brain imaging

Novel advances in the field of brain imaging have enabled the unprecedented clinical application of various imaging modalities to facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment. Electrical impedance tomography(EIT) is a functional imaging technique that measures the transfer impedances between electrodes on the body surface to estimate the spatial distribution of electrical properties of tissues. EIT offers many advantages over other neuroimaging technologies,which has led to its potential clinical use. This qualitative review provides an overview of the basic principles,algorithms, and system composition of EIT. Recent advances in the field of EIT are discussed in the context of epilepsy,stroke, brain injuries and edema, and other brain diseases. Further, we summarize factors limiting the development of brain EIT and highlight prospects for the field. In epilepsy imaging, there have been advances in EIT imaging depth,from cortical to subcortical regions. In stroke research, a bedside EIT stroke monitoring system has been developed for clinical practice, and data support the role of EIT in multi-modal imaging for diagnosing stroke. Additionally, EIT has been applied to monitor the changes in brain water content associated with cerebral edema, enabling the early identification of brain edema and the evaluation of mannitol dehydration. However, anatomically realistic geometry,inhomogeneity, cranium completeness, anisotropy and skull type, etc., must be considered to improve the accuracy of EIT modeling. Thus, the further establishment of EIT as a mature and routine diagnostic technique will necessitate the accumulation of more supporting evidence.

Protection effect of Emodin pretreatment on intestinal I-RI damage of intestinal mucosa in ratsa

Objective:To linvestigate the protective effect and mechanism of emodin pretreatment on intestinal mucosa of rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods:A total of 50SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,emodin groups of low,medium and high dose,with 10 in each group.Ischemia-reperfusion injury(I-RI)mode was established by using noninvasive clamp on superior mesentericartery(SMA).Control group and model group were pretreated with 0.5%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution lavage 2 h before operation,emodin groups of low,medium and high dose were given emodin lavage with 20,40,60 mg/kg pretreatment,femoral venous blood before the lavage pretreatment(TO)and 1 h ischemia(Tl),and inferior vena venous blood after 1 h of reperfusion(T2)were extracted from each group of rats for detection of serun level of intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),endotoxin,interleukin 6(IL-6),and die content of diamine oxidase(DAO);Mter model establishment,the rats were sacrificed,intestine homogenate was prepared by using blind intestinal tissue to detect intestinal tissue myeloperoxidase(MPO],malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.And upper small intestine tissue was retrieved,followed by fixation and conventional HE staining to observe intestinal tissue morphology under light microscopy.Results:In emodin groups of low,medium and high dose at T1 and T2,I-FABP,TNF-α,endotoxin.IL,-6 and DAO level were significandy lower than that of model group(P<0.05);in emodin group of low,medium and high dose,MPO and MDA content in intestinal tissue homogenate was significantly lower than that in model group(P<0.05),SOD level was significantly higher than that of model group(P<0.05).Intestinal damage of emodin low,medium and high dose groups were significandy lighter than model group.Conclusions:Emodin pretreatment has certain protective effect on intestinal mucosa in ischemia reperfusion injury.

Cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma by a retrospective analysis of published cases.METHODS:An extensive search was conducted in the English literature within the Pub Med database using the following keywords:cutaneous metastasis or skin metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct.The data of 30 patients from 21 articles from 1978 to 2014 were analyzed.Patient data retrieved from the articles included the following:age,gender,time cutaneous metastasis occurred,number of cutaneous metastases throughout life,sites of initial cutaneous metastasis,anatomic site,pathology and differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma,and immunohistochemical results of the cutaneous metastasis.The assessment of overall survival after cutaneous metastasis(OSCM) was the primary endpoint.RESULTS:The median age at diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma was 60.0 years(range:35-77).This metastasis showed a predilection towards males,with a male to female ratio of 3.29.In 8 cases(27.6%),skin metastasis was the first sign of cholangiocarcinoma.Additionally,18 cases(60.0%) manifested single cutaneous metastasis,while 12 cases(40.0%) demonstrated multiple skin metastases.In 50.0% of patients,the metastasis occurred in the drainage region,while 50.0% of patients had distant cutaneous metastases.The scalp was the most frequently involved region of distant skin metastasis,occurring in 36.7% of patients.The median OSCM of cholangiocarcinoma was 4.0 mo.Patient age and cutaneous metastatic sites showed no significant relation with OSCM,while male gender and single metastasis of the skin were associated with a poorer OSCM(hazard ratio:0.168;P = 0.005,and hazard ratio:0.296;P = 0.011,respectively).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of cutaneous metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma is dismal.Both male gender and single skin metastasis are associated with a poorer OSCM.

Gut commensal bacteria, Paneth cells and their relations to radiation enteropathy

In steady state, the intestinal epithelium forms an important part of the gut barrier to defend against luminal bacterial attack. However, the intestinal epithelium is compromised by ionizing irradiation due to its inherent selfrenewing capacity. In this process, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a critical event that reciprocally alters the immune milieu. In other words, intestinal bacterial dysbiosis induces inflammation in response to intestinal injuries, thus influencing the repair process of irradiated lesions. In fact, it is accepted that commensal bacteria can generally enhance the host radiation sensitivity. To address the determination of radiation sensitivity, we hypothesize that Paneth cells press a critical "button" because these cells are central to intestinal health and disease by using their peptides, which are responsible for controlling stem cell development in the small intestine and luminal bacterial diversity. Herein,the most important question is whether Paneth cells alter their secretion profiles in the situation of ionizing irradiation. On this basis, the tolerance of Paneth cells to ionizing radiation and related mechanisms by which radiation affects Paneth cell survival and death will be discussed in this review. We hope that the relevant results will be helpful in developing new approaches against radiation enteropathy.

Metastatic thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma responding to chemoradiation plus anti-angiogenic therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma with positive expression of CDX2 and CK20 is rare in adults,with only 16 reported cases.However,standard treatment options for this type of thymic adenocarcinoma has not yet been established.Therefore,we report a case of stage IV thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma treated with radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and anti-angiogenesis therapy.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma occurring in a 44-year-old woman.The tumor was considered unresectable owing to its invasiveness.The patient was treated with six cycles of oxaliplatin(130 mg/m^(2),day 1)and capecitabine(1000 mg/m^(2) BID,days 1-14).During the first three cycles of chemotherapy,concurrent radiotherapy(60 Gy/30 fractions)and anti-angiogenic therapy using apatinib were recommended.The primary tumor achieved partial remission based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.During follow-up,there was no evidence of disease relapse,except a high serum CA19-9 level.The patient is alive and regularly followed.Based on the previous literature and the present case,we believe that early diagnosis of thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma is important.CONCLUSION XELOX(capecitabine plus oxaliplatin)combined with radiotherapy is an optional therapy for inoperable thymic-enteric adenocarcinoma.

Postnatal germ cell development in cryptorchid boys

Cryptorchidism is associated with infertility in adulthood.Early orchiopexy is suggested to reduce the risk.Information is lacking on the potential link between infant germ cell maturation and the risk of future infertility.The objective of the study was to evaluate age-related germ cell development in cryptorchidism.Immunostaining for markers of germ cell development(octamerbinding transcription factor 3/4[0CT3/4],placental alkaline phosphatase[PLAP],KIT proto-oncogene[C-KIT],podoplanin[D2-40],Lin-28 homolog A[LIN28],and G antigen 7[GAGE-7])was performed in testicular biopsies from 40 cryptorchid boys aged 4-35 mon ths.Germ cell nu mbers and distributi ons were evaluated in cross sectio ns of semi niferous tubules,with and without immuno staini ng.OCT3/4,D2-40,and LIN 28 were gen erally expressed in the early stages of germ cell development,as show n by positive expression in germ cells in the central region of seminiferous tubules・In contrast,PLAP and GAGE-7 were expressed in both central and peripheral parts of the tubules in the early stages of development and expressed mainly in a peripheral position with advancing age.Germ cell maturation was delayed in this study population as compared with that observed in our previous study on germ cell markers in a healthy population.The number of GAGE-7-positive germ cells per tubular cross section obtained by immunostaining was significantly higher than that obtained by standard hematoxylin and eosin staining.Double immunostaining revealed heterogeneity in germ cell development in cryptorchid testes.These results shed light on the pathophysiology of germ cell development in boys with cryptorchidism.

Effect of solution pH,Cl- concentration and temperature on electrochemical behavior of PH13-8Mo steel in acidic environments

The effect of solution pH,Cl;concentration and temperature on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of PH13-8Mo steel in acidic solution was investigated by using the electrochemical tests,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The PH13-8Mo martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel is in the passivity state when the pH value is above 3.0,below which the anodic polarization curves of the steel are actively dissolved.The corrosion current density gradually decreases with increasing the solution pH and decreasing Cl;concentration and solution temperature.Pits are initiated on the sample surface in the presence of the Cl;and gradually developed into uniform corrosion with increasing the Cl;concentrations.Moreover,the corrosion is more serious with an increase in solution temperature.