生长激素释放多肽对高糖诱导视网膜色素上皮细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨生长激素释放多肽(Ghrelin)对高糖环境下人视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞氧化应激的影响。方法:将体外培养的RPE细胞分为阴性对照组、高糖组、Ghrelin低浓度组、Ghrelin高浓度组。通过CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,氧敏感荧光探针H2DCFDA染色法观察细胞氧化损伤程度,流式细胞技术检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的变化,分光光度计比色法检测细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果:CCK-8结果显示,分别用10-9mol/L、10-6mol/L Ghrelin预处理后,RPE细胞存活率分别为54.79%±3.43%和79.16%±3.29%,与高糖组(41.65%±3.42%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。H2DCFDA荧光探针染色结果显示,Ghrelin预处理后RPE细胞内ROS生成量下降,氧化损伤细胞减少。分光光度计比色法结果显示,与高糖组相比,Ghrelin组细胞SOD活力增加,MDA含量下降。结论:Ghrelin可以抑制高糖诱导的人RPE细胞氧化损伤,其在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展过程中可能具有一定的细胞保护作用。

Analysis of risk factors for polypoid lesions of gallbladder among health examinees

AIM: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of polypoid lesions of gallbladder (PLG) among the health examinees in the Shanghai region, China. METHODS: A total of 11 816 subjects who underwent health examinations in our hospital between August 2010 and February 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 7174 men and 4642 women. PLG was diagnosed by the real-time ultrasonography. Those with the body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 were considered to be obese. Blood biochemical indices were detected with the fully automatic biochemical analyzer and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was tested by the automated enzyme immunoassay. The correlations between the prevalence of PLG and age, sex, BMI, serum cholesterol (T-Cho), triglycerides (TG),blood sugar, HBsAg, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), gallstone and fatty liver were investigated. After univariate analysis of 11 variables, stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of PLG. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in sex, T-Cho, HBsAg, HDL-C, LDL-C and fatty liver between the PLG-positive group and the PLG-negative group (332/163 vs 6842/4479, P = 0.003; 22/473 vs 295/11 026, P =0.013; 92/403 vs 993/10 328, P = 0.001; 47/448 vs 332/10 989, P = 0.001; 32/463 vs 381/10 940, P = 0.001; 83/412 vs 3260/8061, P = 0.001). No significant difference was found in the age, BMI, TG, blood sugar and gallstone between the two groups (47.3 ± 26 vs 45.1 ± 33, P = 0.173; 59/436 vs 1097/10 224, P = 0.102; 52/443 vs 982/10 339, P = 0.158; 17/478 vs 295/11 026, P = 0.26; 24/471 vs 395/10 926, P = 0.109). Logistic regression analysis showed that the sex, HBsAg and HDL-C were independent risk factors for the development of PLG in a descending order of HDL-C > HBsAg > sex. CONCLUSION: In healthy people, the male gender, positive HBsAg, and low HDL-C confer higher risks of PLG development.

Optical enhanced interferometry with two-mode squeezed twin-Fock states and parity detection

We theoretically investigate the quantum enhanced metrology using two-mode squeezed twin-Fock states and parity detection. Our results indicate that, for a given initial squeezing parameter, compared with the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, both phase sensitivity and resolution can be enhanced when the two-mode squeezed twin-Fock state is considered as an input state of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Within a constraint on the total photon number, although the two-mode squeezed vacuum state gives the better phase sensitivity when the phase shift φ to be estimated approaches to zero, the phase sensitivity offered by these non-Gaussian entangled Gaussian states is relatively stable with respect to the phase shift itself. When the phase shift slightly deviates from φ= 0, the phase sensitivity can be still enhanced by the two-mode squeezed twin-Fock state over a broad range of the total mean photon number where the phase uncertainty is still below the quantum standard noise limit. Finally, we numerically prove that the quantum Cramer–Rao bound can be approached with the parity detection.

Quantum optical interferometry via general photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed states

We investigate the sensitivity of phase estimation in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with photon-subtracted twomode squeezed vacuum states.Our results show that, for given initial squeezing parameter, both symmetric and asymmetric photon subtractions can further improve the quantum Cramér-Rao bound(i.e., the ultimate phase sensitivity), especially for single-mode photon subtraction.On the other hand, the quantum Cramér-Rao bound can be reached by parity detection for symmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states at particular values of the phase shift, but it is not valid for asymmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states.In addition, compared with the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the phase sensitivity via parity detection with asymmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states will be getting worse.Thus, parity detection may not always be the optimal detection scheme for nonclassical states of light when they are considered as the interferometer states.

Quantum interferometry via a coherent state mixed with a squeezed number state

We theoretically investigate the phase sensitivity with parity measurement on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a coherent state combined with a squeezed number state. Within a constraint on the total mean photon number, we find, via parity measurement, that the mixing of a coherent state and squeezed number state can give better phase sensitivity than mixing a coherent state and squeezed vacuum state when the phase shift deviates from the optimal phase φ= 0. In addition,we show that the classical Fisher information for parity measurement saturates the quantum Fisher information when the phase shift approaches to zero. Thus, the quantum Crame′r–Rao bound can be reached via the parity measurement in the case of φ= 0.

Revealing the material basis of MMP9-mediated activating blood and removing blood stasis drugs on Danshen-Ligusticum chuanxiong anti- vascular effect

Objective:Reveal the material basis and mechanism of angiogenesis effect of Danshen-chuanxiong herb-partners.Methods:The effective components of Danshen and chuanxiong were searched in the TCM System Pharmacology Database(TCMSP),and the drug targets were searched in the Swiss Target Prediction database;in the Disease-Gene Database(DisGeNET))Search for angiogenesis-promoting and inhibiting angiogenesis targets;use the protein interaction database(STRING)database and Cytoscape software to analyze the network core targets;use the DAVID database to enrich the drug-disease target intersection for GO and KEGG;RT-qPCR experiments verified the effect of luteolin on MMP9 gene expression;in vitro tube formation experiments analyzed the effect of luteolin on endothelial cell neovascularization.Results:After analysis,it is concluded that Danshen has 10 active ingredients and 50 angiogenesis targets;Chuanxiong has 2 active ingredients and 4 angiogenesis targets.The intersection of drug-taking targets yielded 9 targets,including AR,PARP1,MMP9,MMP2,MMP12,AKR1B10,ABCC1,CDK6,and STAT3.After analyzing the active ingredient-target network graph of Danshen/Chuanxiong,it was concluded that luteolin is the key chemical ingredient.After protein interaction(PPI)analysis,the results showed that MMP9 is the core target.The KEGG pathway is mainly enriched in 5 signaling pathways,the most important pathway is cancer-related pathways.There are 22 main biological processes of GO,which mainly involve collagen catabolism,protein extracellular matrix,metal endopeptidase activity,etc.The preliminary analysis of tubule formation experiment shows that luteolin inhibits angiogenesis and down-regulates the expression of MMP9 gene.Conclusion:Luteolin,the key chemical component of the Danshen-Ligusticum chuanxiong drug pair,inhibits angiogenesis by regulating the MMP9 target,and develops the reverse regulation of angiogenesis for the traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis on the basis of the known treatment of ischemic diseases.Provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the use of Danshen and Chuanxiong medicine in clinical cancer patients.Reveal the material basis and mechanism of angiogenesis effect of Danshen-chuanxiong herb-partners.

Herb pair of Huangqi-Danggui exerts anti-tumor immunity to breast cancer by upregulating PIK3R1

Background:According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),drugs supplementing the vital energy,Qi,can eliminate tumors by restoring host immunity.The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying immune mechanisms of anti-tumor activity associated with Qi-supplementing herbs,specifically the paired use of Huangqi and Danggui.Methods:Analysis of compatibility regularity was conducted to screen the combination of Qi-supplementing TCMs.Using the MTT assay and a transplanted tumor mice model,the anti-tumor effects of combination TCMs were investigated in vitro and in vivo.High content analysis and flow cytometry were then used to evaluate cellular immunity,followed by network pharmacology and molecular docking to dissect the significant active compounds and potential mechanisms.Finally,the anti-tumor activity and the mechanism of the active ingredients were verified by molecular experiments.Results:There is an optimal combination of Huangqi and Danggui that,administered as an aqueous extract,can activate immunity to suppress tumor and is more effective than each drug on its own in vitro and in vivo.Based on network pharmacology analysis,PIK3R1 is the core target for the anti-tumor immunity activity of combined Huangqi and Danggui.Molecular docking analysis shows 6 components of the combined Danggui and Huangqi extract(quercetin,jaranol,isorhamnetin,kaempferol,calycosin,and suchilactone)that bind to PIK3R1.Jaranol is the most important component against breast cancer.The suchilactone/jaranol combination and,especially,the suchilactone/kaempferol combination are key for immunity enhancement and the anti-tumor effects of the extract.Conclusions:The combination of Huangqi and Danggui can activate immunity to suppress breast cancer and is more effective than the individual drugs alone.

Kinematic Analysis of a Posterior-stabilized Knee Prosthesis

Background：The goal of total knee arthroplasty （TKA） is to restore knee kinematics.Knee prosthesis design plays a very important role in successful restoration.Here,kinematics models of normal and prosthetic knees were created and validated using previously published data.Methods：Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of a healthy,anticorrosive female cadaver were used to establish a model of the entire lower limbs,including the femur,tibia,patella,fibula,distal femur cartilage,and medial and lateral menisci,as well as the anterior cruciate,posterior cruciate,medial collateral,and lateral collateral ligaments.The data from the three-dimensional models of the normal knee joint and a posterior-stabilized （PS） knee prosthesis were imported into finite element analysis software to create the final kinematic model of the TKA prosthesis,which was then validated by comparison with a previous study.The displacement of the medial/lateral femur and the internal rotation angle of the tibia were analyzed during 0-135° flexion.Results：Both the output data trends and the measured values derived from the normal knee＇s kinematics model were very close to the results reported in a previous in vivo study,suggesting that this model can be used for further analyses.The PS knee prosthesis underwent an abnormal forward displacement compared with the normal knee and has insufficient,or insufficiently aggressive,＂rollback＂ compared with the lateral femur of the normal knee.In addition,a certain degree of reverse rotation occurs during flexion of the PS knee prosthesis.Conclusions：There were still several differences between the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis and a normal knee,suggesting room for improving the design of the PS knee prosthesis.The abnormal kinematics during early flexion shows that the design of the articular surface played a vital role in improving the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis.