Role of apigenin in high glucose-induced retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via regulating NOX4/p38 MAPK pathway in vitro

AIM:To investigate the retinoprotective role of Apigenin(Api)against high glucose(HG)-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs),and to explore its regulatory mechanism.METHODS:HRMECs were stimulated by HG for 48h to establish the in vitro cell model.Different concentrations of Api(2.5,5,and 10μmol/L)were applied for treatment.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),Transwell,and tube formation assays were performed to examine the effects of Api on the viability,migration,and angiogenesis in HG-induced HRMECs.Vascular permeability was evaluated by Evans blue dye.The inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were measured using their commercial kits.Protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase 4(NOX4)and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)was measured by Western blot.RESULTS:Api prevented HG-induced HRMECs viability,migration,angiogenesis,and vascular permeability in a concentration-dependent manner.Meanwhile,Api also concentration-dependently inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in HRMECs exposed to HG.In addition,HG caused an elevated expression of NOX4,which was retarded by Api treatment.HG stimulation facilitated the activation of p38 MAPK signaling in HRMECs,and Api could weaken this activation partly via downregulating NOX4 expression.Furthermore,overexpression of NOX4 or activation of p38 MAPK signaling greatly weakened the protective role of Api against HG-stimulated HRMECs.CONCLUSION:Api might exert a beneficial role in HGstimulated HRMECs through regulating NOX4/p38 MAPK pathway.

Influence of ganglioside combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate on efficacy and neurological function in patients with acute myelitis

BACKGROUND Acute myelitis(AM)can lead to sudden sensory,motor and autonomic nervous dysfunction,which negatively affects their daily activities and quality of life,so it is necessary to explore optimization from a therapeutic perspective to curb the progression of the disease.AIM To investigate the effect of ganglioside(GM)combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS)on the curative effect and neurological function of patients with AM.METHODS First,we selected 108 AM patients visited between September 2019 and September 2022 and grouped them based on treatment modality,with 52 patients receiving gamma globulin(GG)+MPSS and 56 patients receiving GM+MPSS,assigned to the control group(Con)and observation group(Obs),respectively.The therapeutic effect,neurological function(sensory and motor function scores),adverse events(AEs),recovery(time to sphincter function recovery,time to limb muscle strength recovery above grade 2,and time to ambulation),inflammatory factors(IFs)[interleukin(IL)-6,C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]and other data of the two groups were collected for evaluation and comparison.RESULTS The Obs had:(1)A significantly higher response rate of treatment than the Con;(2)Higher scores of sensory and motor functions after treatment that were higher than the baseline(before treatment)and higher than the Con levels;(3)Lower incidence rates of skin rash,gastrointestinal discomfort,dyslipidemia,osteoporosis and other AEs;(4)Faster posttreatment recovery of sphincter function,limb muscle strength and ambulation;and(5)Markedly lower posttreatment IL-6,CRP and TNF-αlevels than the baseline and the Con levels.CONCLUSION From the above,it can be seen that GM+MPSS is highly effective in treating AM,with a favorable safety profile comparable to that of GG+MPSS.It can significantly improve patients’neurological function,speed up their recovery and inhibit serum IFs.

早期胃肠道营养护理对大面积烧伤病人胃肠道保护效果观察

目的:探讨大面积烧伤病人早期实施胃肠道营养护理对保护其胃肠道的效果。方法:纳入2014年5月至2017年2月期间我院收治的162例大面积烧伤病人为研究对象,采用随机双盲法将其分为干预组(n=82)与对照组(n=80),对照组实施常规护理干预,干预组在对照组的基础上实施早期胃肠道营养护理,观察两组病人护理效果。结果:干预前两组病人胃肠道功能保护相关指标:胃肠减压量、胃肠黏膜内pH值(pHi)、腹腔内压力(IAP);营养指标:甘油三酯(TRIG)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb),相比较无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,干预组胃肠减压量、pHi、IAP显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且干预组TRIG、Alb水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而两组干预后TP水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05);干预组护理总满意率(95.12%)显著高于对照组(77.50%)(P<0.05)。结论:早期胃肠道营养护理对大面积烧伤病人胃肠道具有较好的保护效果,并能有效改善患者营养状况,提高病人对护理的满意度,值得临床推广实施。

R-CHOP方案中影响弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者预后的因素分析

目的探讨在利妥昔单抗使用的背景下影响弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者预后的因素。方法回顾性分析113例病理诊断为DLBCL患者的临床及随访资料,利用多因素二元非条件Logistic回归分析可能影响DLBCL患者预后的因素。结果在应用R-CHOP方案(利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、羟基柔红霉素、长春新碱和泼尼松龙)治疗的DLBCL患者中,年龄[OlR=1.144(95%CI:1.071,1.221)]、Ann Arbor分期[OlR=4.633(95%CI:1.321,16.254)]、骨髓是否受累[OlR=9.688(95%CI:1.346,69.734)]、血红蛋白分级程度Hb 2级(G2)[OlR=9.492(95%CI:1.269,70.979)]、Hb3级(G3)[OlR=48.456(95%CI:5.926,396.253)]均是影响DLBCL患者预后的危险因素;通过趋势检验发现贫血程度越严重,患者预后越差(χ^2=27.415,P=0.000)。结论在应用R-CHOP方案治疗的DLBCL患者中,患者的年龄、临床分期、骨髓是否浸润、血红蛋白分级程度(Hb2级、Hb3级)对DLBCL患者的预后影响较大,且化疗前贫血程度越严重,患者的预后越差。

Prediction on hot deformation behavior of spray-formed 7055 aluminum alloy via phenomenological models

Hot compression tests in the temperature range of 340-450 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^-1 of spray-formed 7055 aluminum alloy were carried out to study its hot deformation behavior. Three phenomenological models including Johnson-Cook, modified Fields-Backofen and Arrhenius-type were introduced to predict the flow stresses during the compression process. And then, a comparative predictability of the phenomenological models was estimated in terms of the relative errors, correlation coefficient（R）, and average absolute relative error（AARE）. The results indicate that Johnson-Cook model and modified Fields-Backofen model cannot well predict the hot deformation behavior due to the large deviation in the process of line regression fitting. Arrhenius-type model obtains the best fit through combining the effect of strain rate and temperature.

Relationship between contrast sensitivity and corneal shape following overnight orthokeratology

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between contrast sensitivity(CS) and corneal shape following overnight orthokeratology(OK). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective clinical study of 80 lens-wearing myopia patients, all of whom had undergone OK and had been evaluated by Orbscan II topography. We measured the surface irregularity index(SIRI) of corneal topography at 3 and 5 mm, the size of the flattened central corneal curvature of OK lens(zone A), the size of the cornea altered by OK lens(zone B), the size of the pupillary area at the corneal level(zone C), the area of crossover between zones A and C(zone AC), the area of crossover between zones B and C(BC), the ratio of BC to B(BC/B), and the ratio of AC to C(AC/C). CS was evaluated using the CSV-1000 with spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree(CPD). RESULTS: Multiple correlation analyses indicated significant negative correlations between CS, zone C, BC/B, and 3-mm SIRI(all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between CS, zone B, AC/A, or 5-mm SIRI(P=0.60, 0.94 and 0.11, respectively). Zone C was negatively correlated with 3, 6, 12, and 18 CPD. 5-mm SIRI were negatively correlated with 6, 12, and 18 CPD. BC/C was negatively correlated with 6 and 18 CPD. AC/C was positively correlated with 3 CPD. CONCLUSION: Zone C, 3-mm SIRI and BC/B affect the CS following overnight OK.

Over-expressed Genes Detected by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization in Carcinoma Derived From Transformed 16HBE Cells Induced by BPDE

To screen the over differentially expressed genes in carcinoma induced by BPDE-transformed 16HBE cells （16HBE-C cells）. Methods The suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） method was performed to profile differentially expressed genes between 16HBE-C cells and 16HBE cells. The cDNA fragments of differentially expressed genes were inserted into TA cloning vector and transformed competent E. coli strain. Positive clones were randomly picked up and identified by the colony PCR method. Dot blot was used to test the same source with the tester. The differentially expressed cDNA fragments were sequenced and compared with known genes and EST database in Genbank. Results Eight known genes were over-expressed in 16HBE-C cells including eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1, HIF-1 responsive RTP801, ribosomal protein L10 （RPL10）, ribosomal protein S29 （RPS29）, mitochondrion related genes, and laminin receptor 1. Three differentially expressed cDNA fragments could not be matched to the known genes but to the EST database. Conclusion The SSH method can detect differentially expressed genes between 16HBE-C and 16HBE cells. BPDE-induced carcinogenesis may be related to alteration of at least eight known genes and three unknown genes. These expression data provide a clue to further cloning novel genes and studying functions in BPDE-induced carcinoma.

体外受精-胚胎移植超促排卵周期中金属蛋白酶3、肿瘤坏死因子、血管内皮生长因子的表达与卵巢反应性的研究

目的分析在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)超促排卵周期中不孕妇女血清及卵泡液中的金属蛋白酶3(MMP-3)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达,了解MMP-3、VEGF及TNF在其中的分布特点,分析其与卵巢反应的相关性。方法收集2013年3月-2015年10月行IVF-ET治疗的413例超促排卵周期的患者,不孕原因均为输卵管因素,年龄22~38岁,依据患者获卵数分为高反应组(获卵数≥20个)、正常反应组(获卵数6~19个)及低反应组(获卵数≤5个),分别用酶联免疫方法测定各组在促性腺激素(Gn)起始注射日、绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG)注射日血清及卵泡液中VEGF、TNF及MMP-3的水平,分析组间的差异。结果在3组患者的基本情况差异无统计学意义的情况下:(1)3组患者h CG日血清MMP-3和VEGF的表达均高于Gn启动日(P<0.05);(2)3组患者h CG日血清中TNF的表达低于Gn启动日(P<0.05);(3)高反应组患者卵泡液中MMP-3的表达均高于正常反应组和低反应组(P<0.05);(4)高反应组患者卵泡液中VEGF和TNF的表达均低于正常反应组和低反应组。(P<0.05)。结论 (1)随着促排卵过程中卵泡的发育,血清中VEGF和MMP-3的表达增多,TNF则随着卵泡的发育逐渐减少;(2)经超排卵后患者卵泡液中MMP-3表达与卵巢反应呈正相关,而VEGF和TNF与卵巢反应呈负相关。

Effect of alprostadil in the treatment of intensive care unit patients with acute renal injury

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a sudden or rapid decline in the filtration function of the kidneys which is marked by increased serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen.AIM To examine the value of alprostadil-assisted continuous venous-venous hemofiltration(CVVH)in the treatment of severe AKI in severely ill patients.METHODS This was a retrospective study and the inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)Age of patients(≥18 years);(2)Admission to intensive care unit due to non-renal primary disease,APACHE II score(≥18 points);(3)The diagnostic criteria of AKI guidelines were formulated with reference to the Global Organization for the Improvement of Prognosis in Kidney Diseases,with AKI grades of II-III;(4)All patients were treated with CVVH;and(5)Complete basic data were obtained for all patients.RESULTS The clinical effect of alprostadil administered in the treatment group was better than that observed in the control group(P<0.05).The urine output of patients in the alprostadil group returned to normal time(9.1±2.0 d)and was lower than that in the control group(10.6±2.5 d),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);adverse reactions occurred in the alprostadil group compared with the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Alprostadil-assisted CVVH in the treatment of severely ill patients with AKI can effectively improve the renal resistance index and partial pressure of urine oxygen,and has a positive effect on improving renal function.

Tunable electronic structures of germanane/antimonene van der Waals heterostructures using an external electric field and normal strain

oscale devices.In the present work,we investigate the electronic structures of germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure in response to normal strain and an external electric field by using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory(DFT).The results demonstrate that the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure behaves as a metal in a[1,,0.6]V/A range,while it is a direct semiconductor in a[0.5,0.2]V/A range,and it is an indirect semiconduc-tor in a[0.3,1.0]V/A range.Interestingly,the band alignment of germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure appears astype-II feature both in a[0.5,0.1]range and in a[0.3,1]V/A range,while it shows the type-I character at 0.2 V/A.In ad-dition,we find that the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure is an indirect semiconductor both in an in-plane biaxial strain range of[[5%,,3%]and in an in-plane biaxial strain range of[3%,5%],while it exhibits a direct semiconductor character in an in-plane biaxial strain range of[2%,2%].Furthermore,the band alignment of the germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure changes from type-II to type-I at an in-plane biaxial strain of 3%.The adjustable electronic structure of this germanane/antimonene vdW heterostructure will pave the way for developing the nanoscale devices.

Therapeutic experience of an 89-year-old high-risk patient with incarcerated cholecystolithiasis:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia poses a particular challenge to the emergency surgical treatment of elderly patients with high-risk acute abdominal diseases.Elderly patients are a high-risk group for surgical treatment.If the incarceration of gallstones cannot be relieved,emergency surgery is unavoidable.CASE SUMMARY We report an 89-year-old male patient with acute gangrenous cholecystitis and septic shock induced by incarcerated cholecystolithiasis.He had several coexisting,high-risk underlying diseases,had a history of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,and was taking aspirin before the operation.Nevertheless,he underwent emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy,with maintenance of postoperative heart and lung function,successfully recovered,and was discharged on day 8 after the operation.CONCLUSION Emergency surgery for elderly patients with acute abdominal disease is safe and feasible during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,the key is to abide strictly by the hospital's epidemic prevention regulations,fully implement the epidemic prevention procedure for emergency surgery,fully prepare before the operation,accurately perform the operation,and carefully manage the patient postoperatively.

Polymorphisms of AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are Associated with Cirrhosis Risk in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Objective Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have linked many single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to the outcomes of a variety of liver diseases.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of several candidate SNPs with the risk and severity of cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B in a Chinese population.Methods A total of 714 Chinese participants with persistent HBV infection were studied.Patients were divided into cirrhotic(n=429)and non-cirrhotic(n=285)groups based on clinical and pathological evidence.The progression rate and severity of liver cirrhosis were evaluated with an arbitrary t-score system.Genotypes of six SNPs in five candidate genes were detected with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The genotypic distributions of the SNPs were compared between the age-matched cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic subjects.The association between the risk of SNPs and the severity and progression rate of cirrhosis was further analyzed.Results Rs2679757 polymorphism of the antizyme inhibitor 1(AZIN1)gene and Rs886277 in the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M,member 5 gene(TRPM5)were found to be associated with cirrhosis risk in CHB.They were also correlated with the overall severity and progression rate of cirrhosis.Genotype frequencies of other SNPs were not different between the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups.Conclusions AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are associated with the risk and the progression rate of HBV-related liver fibrosis in Chinese patients.The emerging SNPs associated with cirrhosis prognosis warrant further clinical validation in other CHB cohorts or ethnic groups,and merit mechanistic studies to reveal their roles in fibrosis progression.

Experimental study on the protective effect of Chinese medicine Ruanganyin on the liver of HBV transgenic mice

Objective: To study the protective effect of ruanganyin on the liver of HBV transgenic mice. Methods: 50 half HBV transgenic mice, male and female, were randomly divided into treatment group (high, medium and low dose Ruanganyin), model group, positive control group (entecavir dispersible tablet) and 10 non HBV transgenic mice as blank control. The mice were killed after 4 weeks of drug intervention.The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, LN, HA, IV-C and PCIII were observed. Results: (1) compared with the blank control group, the ALT,AST and TBIL levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01);compared with the model group, the ALT, AST and TBIL levels in the high-dose group of ruanganyin after treatment were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01/P<0.05);the ALT, AST and TBIL levels in the positive control group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.01/P<0.05) There was no significant difference in ALT, AST and TBIL levels between the two groups (P>0.05). (2) Compared with the blank control group, the level of LN, HA, IV-C and PCIII in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (P<0.01);compared with the model group, the level of LN, HA and IV-C in the high-dose group and the positive control group after treatment was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.01);the level of PCIII in the high-dose group and the positive control group after treatment was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.01);There was no significant difference in LN, HA, IV-C and PCIII levels between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Chinese medicine Ruanganyin has the effects of protecting liver, reducing enzyme and anti fibrosis, but its mechanism of anti fibrosis needs further study.

Action mechanism of Ephedra in treating allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology

Objective:To study the mechanism of ephedra in treating allergic rhinitis by network pharmacology.Methods:the chemical components and corresponding targets of ephedra were searched and screened by TCMSP database.With"allergic rhinitis"as the key word,disease-related genes were searched in GeneCards and OMIM database.Using Venny2.1.0 mapping,Venn diagram and drug-disease common targets,network visualization software Cytoscape 3.6.1 track production elements-targets-disease network diagram,String database build their proteins interact with each other(PPI),and using R language to do gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment and pathway analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.Results:ephedrine was screened for 136 efficacy components and 88 common targets,and was predicted to intervene and regulate allergic rhinitis through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway and other signaling pathways in diabetic complications.Conclusion:preliminary prediction of the target and pathway of ephedra in the treatment of allergic rhinitis through network pharmacology can provide direction and evidence for the next experiment and clinic.

Regulation of autophagy on epithelial mesenchymal transformation in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of autophagy in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells induced by CQ (chloroquine) and rapamycin (RAPA). Methods: TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) was used to induce EMT in Cal-27 cell line. At the same time, RAPA was used to enhance and CQ was used to inhibit autophagy. The ability of cell migration was detected by scratch distribution test and the ability of cell migration was detected by Transwell chamber test. Western blot was used to detect the changes of ZO-1, vimentin, FN1 and other EMT-related proteins after 3 d induction, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: After 3 d of induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β, E-cadherin decreased significantly and Vimentin increased significantly. Compared with the control group, the wound healing rate increased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells increased significantly (P<0.05) after 3 d induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β, and then the cells were co-induced with 100 ng/mL RAPA and 100 ng/mL CQ and 5 ng/mL TGF-β for 3 d. Compared with TGF-β group. The healing rate of the RAPA co-induced with 5 ng/mL TGF-β group decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with TGF-β group. The healing rate of the CQ co-induced with 5 ng/mL TGF-β group increased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, FN1 and Vimentin expression increased and ZO-1 expression decreased 3 d after induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β. And then induced Cal-27 cells with 100 ng/mL RAPA and 100 ng/mL CQ and 5 ng/mL TGF-β respectively for 3 d. Compared with TGF-β group, FN1 and Vimentin expression decreased in RAPA co-induction group. Compared with TGF-βgroup, the expression of FN1 and Vimentin increased and the expression of ZO-1 decreased in CQ co-induction group. Conclusion: TGF-β can induce Cal-27 cells to establish EMT model. In EMT model, promoting autophagy can inhibit EMT, inhibiting autophagy can promote EMT.

Study on the Management Effect of Pharmaceutical Care on Adverse Reactions of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Joint Surgery and Neurology

Objective:In general hospitals,pharmaceutical care was carried out to reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR),and this effect was significant.It can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions and improve the safety of drug therapy.The Joint Surgery Department and the Department of Neurology of Changle County People's Hospital in Shandong province were investigated for the effect of pharmaceutical care on reducing adverse drug reactions.Methods:120 patients were selected from the Department of Joint Surgery and Neurology,Changle County People's Hospital,Shandong Province from May 2015 to May 2020.According to the random table method,the patients were divided into experimental group(60 cases)and control group(60 cases).Control group:routine drug therapy.Experimental group:pharmaceutical care treatment was carried out jointly,and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of adverse reactions in experimental group was lower than that in control group.Conclusion:In general hospitals,pharmaceutical care is effective in reducing adverse drug reactions,which can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions.At the same time,this improves the safety of drug treatment,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Mathematical Analysis on a General Delayed HBV Model with Capsids and Two Infection Routes

Considering that HBV belongs to the DNA virus family and is hepatotropic,we model the HBV DNA-containing capsids as a compartment.In this paper,a delayed HBV infection model is established,where the general incidence function and two infection routes including cell-virus infection and cell-cell infection are introduced.According to some preliminaries,including well-posedness,basic reproduction number and existence of two equilibria,we obtain the threshold dynamics for the model.We illustrate numerical simulations to verify the above theoretical results,and furthermore explore the impacts of intracellular delay and cell-cell infection on the global dynamics of the model.

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:A comprehensive analysis from a decade-long study

BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Variability in HCC risk among patients with cirrhosis is notable,particularly when considering the diverse etiologies of cirrhosis.AIM To identify specific risk factors contributing to HCC development in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from cirrhotic patients at Beijing Youan Hospital from January 1,2012 to September 30,2022 with at least 6 mo of followup.Patient demographics,medical histories,etiologies,and clinical characteristics were examined.Cox regression analysis was used to analyze correlations of the above parameters with hepatocarcinogenesis,while competing risk regression was used to estimate their adjusted hazard ratios accounting for death.The cumulative incidence was plotted over time.RESULTS Overall,5417 patients with cirrhosis(median age:54 years;65.8%males)were analyzed.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)was the most common etiology(23.3%),with 25%(n=1352)developing HCC over a 2.9-year follow-up period.Patients with multiple etiologies had the HCC highest incidence(30.3%),followed by those with HBV-related cirrhosis(29.5%).Significant risk factors included male sex,advanced age,hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,elevated blood ammonia,and low platelet count.Men had a higher 5-year HCC risk than women(37.0%vs 31.5%).HBV,HCV,and HBV/HCV co-infected patients had 5-year risks of HCC of 45.8%,42.9%,and 48.1%,respectively,compared to 29.5%in nonviral hepatitis cases,highlighting the significant HCC risk from viral hepatitis,especially HBV,and underscores the importance of monitoring these high-risk groups.CONCLUSION In conclusion,HBV-related cirrhosis strongly correlates with HCC,with male sex,older age,viral hepatitis,elevated blood ammonia,and lower albumin and platelet levels increasing the risk of HCC.

Flexible ultrathin all-solid-state supercapacitors

The flexible ultrathin all-solid-state supercapacitors with good electrochemical and mechanical performance were fabricated by the facile methods. The singlewall carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs）-polyaniline （PANI） film electrodes and poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA）/H3PO4 electrolyte film were prepared by spray-printing and spincoating strategies, respectively. Thus, the thickness of a supercapacitor is only 8.4 μm. When the mass ratio of SWCNT to PANI is 1：1, the tensile strength and Young＇s modulus of the electrode are 10.9 and 655 MPa, respectively. The interior contact resistance of the supercapacitors based on this electrode is only 15-30 Ω. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of this electrode can reach about 355.5 F·g^-1, and the supercapacitor based on this electrode maintains 87.2% of its initial specific capacitance over 5000 charging/discharging cycles. Moreover, the supercapacitor shows an excellent electrochemical stability at different bending states. Therefore, the all-solid-state supercapacitors prepared by our strategies would meet the demands of wearable, lightweight, and compact energy storage devices.

Mechanical properties of AM Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds with various cell structures

Porous scaffolds as succedaneum of natural bone were investigated and applied in medical field.In this work, we carried out studies on mechanical properties of solid parts and porous scaffolds obtained by additive manufacturing(AM) technique.It is found that productions of AM process have a higher yield strength and higher microhardness compared to commercial Ti6Al4V.Roughened surface was observed for layer-by-layer process of AM and sticking of powder particles.The machining accuracy is affected by both dimensions and angles.Meanwhile, mechanical properties of porous scaffolds are influenced by machining accuracy and microdefects.In addition, the unit cell structures also impact the mechanical properties of porous scaffolds in terms of elastic modulus, yield strength and failure mode.Overall,considering the mechanical properties and biological properties, scaffolds with cube(CB) crystal cells are the best choice in our study.