Cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai between 2002 and 2006

With the growing threat of malignancy to health,it is necessary to analyze cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai to formulate better cancer prevention strategies.A total of 43,613 cancer patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 were recruited from the Pudong New Area Cancer Registry.The incidence,observed survival rate,and relative survival rate of patients grouped by sex,age,geographic area,and TNM stage were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier,life table,and Ederer II methods,respectively.Between 2002 and 2006,cancer incidence in Pudong New Area was 349.99 per 100,000 person-years,and the 10 most frequently diseased sites were the lung,stomach,colon and rectum,liver,breast,esophagus,pancreas,brain and central nervous system,thyroid,and bladder.For patients with cancers of the colon and rectum,breast,thyroid,brain and central nervous system,and bladder,the 5-year relative survival rate was greater than 40%,whereas patients with cancers of the liver and pancreas had a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 10%.The 1-year to 5-year survival rates for patients grouped by sex,age,geographic area,and TNM stage differed significantly(all P<0.001).Our results indicate that cancer incidence and patient survival in Pudong New Area vary by tumor type,sex,age,geographic area,and TNM stage.

On the energy conservation and critical velocities for the propagation of a "steady-shock" wave in a bar made of cellular material

The propagation of shock waves in a cellular bar is systematically studied in the framework of continuum solids by adopting two idealized material models, viz. the dynamic rigid, perfectly plastic, locking （D-R-PP-L） model and the dynamic rigid, linear hardening plastic, locking （D-R-LHP-L） model, both considering the effects of strain-rate on the material properties. The shock wave speed relevant to these two models is derived. Consider the case of a bar made of one of such material with initial length L 0 and initial velocity v i impinging onto a rigid target. The variations of the stress, strain, particle velocity, specific internal energy across the shock wave and the cease distance of shock wave are all determined analytically. In particular the ＂energy conservation condition＂ and the ＂kinematic existence condition＂ as proposed by Tan et al. （2005） is re-examined, showing that the ＂energy conservation condition＂ and the consequent ＂critical velocity＂, i.e. the shock can only be generated and sustained in R-PP-L bars when the impact velocity is above this critical velocity, is incorrect. Instead, with elastic deformation, strain-hardening and strain-rate sensitivity of the cellular materials being considered, it is appropriate to redefine a first and a second critical impact velocity for the existence and propagation of shock waves in cellular solids. Starting from the basic relations for shock wave propagating in D-R-LHP-L cellular materials, a new method for inversely determining the dynamic stress-strain curve for cellular materials is proposed. By using e.g. a combination of Taylor bar and Hopkinson pressure bar impact experimental technique, the dynamic stress-strain curve of aluminum foam could bedetermined. Finally, it is demonstrated that this new formulation of shock theory in this one-dimensional stress state can be generalized to shocks in a one-dimensional strain state, i.e. for the case of plate impact on cellular materials, by simply making proper replacements of the elastic and plastic constants.

Dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of a dual-input two-compartment tracer kinetic model for evaluating tumorous microvascular properties in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS: From January 2014 to April 2015, we prospectively measured and analyzed pharmacokinetic parameters [transfer constant(K_(trans)), plasma flow(F_p), permeability surface area product(PS), efflux rate constant(k_(ep)), extravascular extracellular space volume ratio(V_e), blood plasma volume ratio(V_p), and hepatic perfusion index(HPI)] using dual-input two-compartment tracer kinetic models [a dual-input extended Tofts model and a dual-input 2-compartment exchange model(2CXM)] in 28 consecutive HCC patients. A well-known consensus that HCC is a hypervascular tumor supplied by the hepatic artery and the portal vein was used as a reference standard. A paired Student's t-test and a nonparametric paired Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the two models, and Pearson correlation analysis was also applied to observe the correlations among all equivalent parameters. The tumor size and pharmacokinetic parameters were tested by Pearson correlation analysis, while correlations among stage, tumor size and all pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: The F_p value was greater than the PS value(F_P = 1.07 m L/m L per minute, PS = 0.19 m L/m L per minute) in the dual-input 2CXM; HPI was 0.66 and 0.63 in the dual-input extended Tofts model and the dualinput 2CXM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the K_(ep), V_p, or HPI between the dual-input extended Tofts model and the dual-input 2CXM(P = 0.524, 0.569, and 0.622, respectively). All equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters, except for V_e, were correlated in the two dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic models; both Fp and PS in the dualinput 2CXM were correlated with K_(trans) derived from the dual-input extended Tofts model(P = 0.002, r = 0.566; P = 0.002, r = 0.570); K_(ep), V_p, and HPI between the two kinetic models were positively correlated(P = 0.001, r = 0.594; P = 0.0001, r = 0.686; P = 0.04, r = 0.391, respectively). In the dual input extended Tofts model, V_e was significantly less than that in the dual input 2CXM(P = 0.004), and no significant correlation was seen between the two tracer kinetic models(P = 0.156, r = 0.276). Neither tumor size nor tumor stage was significantly correlated with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the two models(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: A dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic model(a dual-input extended Tofts model and a dual-input 2CXM) can be used in assessing the microvascular physiopathological properties before the treatment of advanced HCC. The dual-input extended Tofts model may be more stable in measuring the V_e; however, the dual-input 2CXM may be more detailed and accurate in measuring microvascular permeability.

Comparison of clinical features and outcomes in peritoneal dialysisassociated peritonitis patients with and without diabetes:A multicenter retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND The number of end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis is increasing.Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis leading to technical failure and increased mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.The profile of clinical symptoms,distribution of pathogenic organisms,and response of PDAP to medical management in the subset of end-stage renal disease patients with DM have not been reported previously.Discrepant results have been found in long-term prognostic outcomes of PDAP in patients with DM.We inferred that DM is associated with bad outcomes in PDAP patients.AIM To compare the clinical features and outcomes of PDAP between patients with DM and those without.METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study,we enrolled patients who had at least one episode of PDAP during the study period.The patients were followed for a median of 31.1 mo.They were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group.Clinical features,therapeutic outcomes,and long-term prognostic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Risk factors associated with therapeutic outcomes of PDAP were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to examine the influence of DM on patient survival and incidence of technical failure.RESULTS Overall,373 episodes occurred in the DM group(n=214)and 692 episodes occurred in the non-DM group(n=395).The rates of abdominal pain and fever were similar in the two groups(P>0.05).The DM group had more infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and less infections with Escherichia coli(E.coli)as compared to the non-DM group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between the presence of diabetes and rates of complete cure,catheter removal,PDAP-related death,or relapse of PDAP(P>0.05).Patients in the DM group were older and had a higher burden of cardiovascular disease,with lower level of serum albumin,but a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that the presence of diabetes was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality(hazard ratio=1.531,95%confidence interval:1.091-2.148,P<0.05),but did not predict the occurrence of technical failure(P>0.05).CONCLUSION PDAP patients with diabetes have similar symptomology and are predisposed to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus but not E.coli infection compared those without.Diabetes is associated with higher all-cause mortality but not therapeutic outcomes of PDAP.

应对方式在围绝经期女性睡眠状况和生存质量之间的中介效应

目的探讨应对方式在围绝经期女性睡眠状况与生存质量之间的中介效应。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2017 年10 月—2018 年9 月辽宁省丹东市40 ~ 60 岁围绝经期女性600 例,采用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、绝经生存质量量表(MENQOL)对绝经过渡期女性进行调查。结果积极应对方式平均(1.615±0.577)分,消极应对方式平均(1.380±0.678)分,睡眠质量平均(6.820±3.575)分,绝经生存质量平均(57.470±38.790)分。睡眠质量得分与积极应对方式得分呈负相关(r =-0.432,P =0.000),与消极应对方式得分呈正相关(r =0.393,P =0.000);绝经生存质量得分与积极应对方式得分呈负相关(r =-0.516,P =0.000),与消极应对方式得分呈正相关(r =0.446,P =0.000);睡眠质量得分与绝经生存质量得分呈正相关(r =0.593,P =0.000);睡眠状况不仅可以直接影响围绝经期女性绝经期生存质量,还可以通过应对方式这一中介作用间接影响其绝经期生存质量,且中介效应占总效应的31.06%(0.250/0.805)。结论应对方式在围绝经期女性睡眠状况与生存质量间起部分中介效应。

Risk factors for mortality within 6 mo in patients with diabetes undergoing urgent-start peritoneal dialysis:A multicenter retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND The risk of early mortality of patients who start dialysis urgently is high;however,in patients with diabetes undergoing urgent-start peritoneal dialysis(USPD),the risk of,and risk factors for,early mortality are unknown.AIM To identify risk factors for mortality during high-risk periods in patients with diabetes undergoing USPD.METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled 568 patients with diabetes,aged≥18 years,who underwent USPD at one of five Chinese centers between 2013 and 2019.We divided the follow-up period into two survival phases:The first 6 mo of USPD therapy and the months thereafter.We compared demographic and baseline clinical data of living and deceased patients during each period.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated for all-cause mortality according to the New York Heart Association(NYHA)classification.A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify risk factors for mortality within the first 6 mo and after 6 mo of USPD.RESULTS Forty-one patients died within the first 6 mo,accounting for the highest proportion of mortalities(26.62%)during the entire follow-up period.Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of mortality within 6 mo(26.83%)and after 6 mo(31.86%).The risk of mortality not only within the first 6 mo but also after the first 6 mo was higher for patients with obvious baseline heart failure symptoms than for those with mild or no heart failure symptoms.Independent risk factors for mortality within the first 6 mo were advanced age hazard ratio(HR:1.908;95%CI:1.400-2.600;P<0.001),lower baseline serum creatinine level(HR:0.727;95%CI:0.614-0.860;P<0.001),higher baseline serum phosphorus level(HR:3.162;95%CI:1.848-5.409;P<0.001),and baseline NYHA class III-IV(HR:2.148;95%CI:1.063-4.340;P=0.033).Independent risk factors for mortality after 6 mo were advanced age(HR:1.246;95%CI:1.033-1.504;P=0.022)and baseline NYHA class III-IV(HR:2.015;95%CI:1.298-3.130;P=0.002).CONCLUSION To reduce the risk of mortality within the first 6 mo of USPD in patients with diabetes,controlling the serum phosphorus level and improving cardiac function are recommended。

Two-Dimensional Organometallic TM3–C12S12 Monolayers for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2

Organometallic nanosheets are a versatile platform for design of efficient electrocatalyst materials due to their high surface area and uniform dispersion of metal active sites.In this paper,we systematically investigate the electrocatalytic performance of the first transition metal series TM3–C12S12 monolayers on CO2 using spin-polarized density functional theory.The calculations show that M3–C12S12 exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the catalytic reduction in CO2.The main reduction products of Sc,Ti,and Cr are CH4.V,Mn,Fe and Zn mainly produce HCOOH,and Co produces HCHO,while CO is the main product for Ni and Cu.For Sc,Ti,and Cr,the overpotentials are>0.7 V,while for V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,the overpotentials are very low and range from 0.27 to 0.47 V.Therefore,our results indicate that many of the M3–C12S12 monolayers are expected to be excellent and efficient CO2 reduction catalysts.

Sulfone-functionalized stable molecular single crystals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Highly crystalline organic semiconductors are ideal materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water splitting.However,the instability and complex synthesis processes of most reported organic molecule-based photocatalysts restrict their applications.In this study,we introduce benzo[1,2-b:4,5-bʹ]bis[1]benzothiophene-3,9-dicarboxylic acid,5,5,11,11-tetraoxide(FSOCA),a highly crystalline,stable molecular crystal that is easy to synthesize and serves as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.FSOCA exhibits high efficiency in sacrificial hydrogen evolution reaction(760μmol h^(−1),76 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1)at 330 mW cm^(−2);570μmol h^(−1),57 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1)at 250 mW cm^(−2)),and FSOCA remains stable during photocatalysis for up to 400 h.Experiments and theoretical studies confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonds between the sulfone group and the sacrificial agent(ascorbic acid).This interaction significantly improved the oxidation reaction kinetics and boosted the photocatalytic performance.This study presents a scalable and convenient approach to synthesize highly crystalline,active,and stable organic photocatalysts with potential applications in large-scale photocatalysis.

Advances in monoclonal antibody application in myocarditis

Monoclonal antibodies have become a part of daily preparation technologies in many laboratories. Attempts have been made to apply monoclonal antibodies to open a new train of thought for clinical treatments of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other immune-associated diseases. This paper is a prospective review to anticipate that monoclonal antibody application in the treatment of myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart, could be a novel approach in the future. In order to better understand the current state of the art in monoclonal antibody techniques and advance applications in myocarditis, we, through a significant amount of literature research both domestic and abroad, developed a systematic elaboration of monoclonal antibodies, pathogenesis of myocarditis, and application of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis. This paper presents review of the literature of some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy to demonstrate the advance of monoclonal antibody application in myocarditis and a strong anticipation that monoclonal antibody application may supply an effective therapeutic approach to relieve the severity of myocarditis in the future. Under conventional therapy, myocarditis is typically associated with congestive heart failure as a progressive outcome, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies to improve long-term results. Reviewing some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis, we recently found that monoclonal antibodies with high purity and strong specificity can accurately act on target and achieve definite progress in the treatment of viral myocarditis in rat model and may meet the need above. However, several issues remain. The technology on how to make a higher homologous and weak immunogenic humanized or human source antibody and the treatment mechanism of monoclonal antibodies may provide solutions for these open issues. If we are to further stimulate progress in the area of clinical decision support, we must continue to develop and refine our understanding and use of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis.

Single-atom catalysts based on two-dimensional metalloporphyrin monolayers for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions

We systematically investigated the catalytic performance of 3d,4d,and 5d transition metals anchored onto two-dimensional extended porphyrin(PP)substrates as nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)electrocatalysts,employing density functional theory(DFT)calculations and four-step high-throughput screening.Four novel metalloporphyrin(MPP,M=Zr,Nb,Hf,and Re)single-atom catalyst candidates have been identified due to their excellent catalytic performance(low onset potential,high stability,and selectivity).Through comprehensive reaction path search,the maximum Gibbs free energy changes for NRR on the ZrPP(enzymatic-consecutive hybrid path),NbPP(consecutive path),HfPP(enzymatic-consecutive hybrid path),and RePP(distal path)catalysts are 0.38,0.41,0.53,and 0.53 eV,respectively.Band structures,projected density of states,and charge/spin distributions show that the high catalytic activity is due to significant orbital hybridizations and charge transfer between N_(2) and MPP catalysts.We hope our work will promote experimental synthesis of these NRR electrocatalysts and provide new opportunities to the electrochemical conversion of N_(2) to NH_(3) under ambient conditions.

Structural revolution of atomically dispersed Mn sites dictates oxygen reduction performance

An efficient preparation and local coordination environment regulation of isolated single-atom sites catalysts(ISASC)for improved activity is still challenging.Herein,we develop a solid phase thermal diffusion strategy to synthesize Mn ISASC on highly uniform nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes by employing MnO_(2) nanowires@ZIF-8 core-shell structure.Under high-temperature,the Mn species break free from core-MnO_(2) lattice,which will be trapped by carbon defects derived from shell-ZIF-8 carbonization,and immobilized within carbon substrate.Furthermore,the poly-dispersed Mn sites with two nitrogen-coordinated centers can be controllably renovated into four-nitrogen-coordinated Mn sites using NH3 treatment technology.Both experimental and computational investigations indicate that the symmetric coordinated Mn sites manifest outstanding oxygen reduction activity and superior stability in alkaline and acidic solutions.This work not only provides efficient way to regulate the coordination structure of ISASC to improve catalytic performance but also paves the way to reveal its significant promise for commercial application.

A New Mutation Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing in a Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Newborn

To the Editor：Cornelia de Lange syndrome （CdLS,OMIM # 122470）,also called Brachmann-de Lange syndrome,is a serious genetic disease with unknown exact incidence.The estimated prevalence varies with a reported 1：10,000 individuals in the United States and 1：50,000 in Denmark.It may be underestimated because ofunderdiagnosis of mild phenotype.CdLS patients have a distinguishing facial appearance,namely synophrys joining at the midline and with an arched appearance of the eyebrows,thick,and long eyelashes,extending down to the bridge of the nose,long prominent philtrum with down-turned lip comers short and flattened nose,hirsute forehead,and cutis marmorata.Besides,prenatal/postpartum growth retardation,cognitive impairment,psychomotor delay,and behavioral problems such as repetitive and self-injurious behaviors are also remarkable in CdLS patients.

Time-series prediction based on global fuzzy measure in social networks

Social network analysis （SNA） is among the hottest topics of current research. Most measurements of SNA methods are certainty oriented, while in reality, the uncertainties in relationships are widely spread to be overridden. In this paper, fuzzy concept is introduced to model the uncertainty, and a similarity metric is used to build a fuzzy relation model among individuals in the social network. The traditional social network is transformed into a fuzzy network by replacing the traditional relations with fuzzy relation and calculating the global fuzzy measure such as network density and centralization. Finally, the trend of fuzzy network evolution is analyzed and predicted with a fuzzy Markov chain. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy network has more superiority than the traditional network in describing the network evolution process.