The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In th...The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.展开更多
Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are pre-sented.A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenocha...Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are pre-sented.A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and two or multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Coltricia,Fomitiporella,Fomiti-poria,Fulvifomes,Fuscoporia,Inonotus,Phylloporia,Porodaedalea,Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus,were carried out.Based on samples from 37 countries of five continents,seven new genera,Meganotus,Neophellinus,Nothonotus,Pachynotus,Perenninotus,Pseudophylloporia and Rigidonotus,are introduced,37 new species,Coltricia tibetica,Fomitiporella crassa,F.queenslandica,Fomitiporia eucalypti,F.gatesii,F.ovoidospora,Fulvifomes azonatus,F.caligoporus,F.costaricense,F.floridanus,F.jouzaii,F.nakasoneae,F.subindicus,Fuscoporia sinuosa,F.submurina,Inonotus subradiatus,I.vietnamensis,Neomensularia castanopsidis,Pachynotus punctatus,Phellinus cuspidatus,P.subellipsoideus,Phylloporia minutissima,P.tabernaemontanae,Porodaedalea occidentiamericana,P.orientoamericana,P.qilianensis,P.schrenkianae,Pseudo-phylloporia australiana,Sanghuangporus australianus,S.lagerstroemiae,Tropicoporus angustisulcatus,T.hainanicus,T.lineatus,T.minus,T.ravidus,T.substratificans and T.tenuis,are described,and 108 new combinations are proposed.In addition,one illegitimate name and two invalid names are renamed,and Coltricia and Coltriciella were synonymized.The taxonomic relevance and limits of the new taxa are discussed.Photos and illustrations for 37 new species are presented,and a full description for each new species is given.Eventually,this study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of the poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the world.A key to the accepted poroid genera of Hymenochaetaceae is provided,and identification keys to the accepted species of 32 poroid genera worldwide are given.A synopsis description of each species is included in these keys.展开更多
Although Inonotus linteus complex is placed in the genusInonotus,its perennial basidiocarps with a dimitic hyphal system,at least in the trama,distinguish the complex from other species in the genus,which have an annu...Although Inonotus linteus complex is placed in the genusInonotus,its perennial basidiocarps with a dimitic hyphal system,at least in the trama,distinguish the complex from other species in the genus,which have an annual habit and a monomitic hyphal system.The species number of Inonotus linteus complex has been increased in China and tropical America in recent publications.However,whether species in this complex belong to Inonotus has not specifically been addressed.To explore the phylogenetic placement of species of Inonotus linteus complex,we performed a comprehensive study using morphological and phylogenetic data based on global samples.nLSU(53 with 13 new)and ITS(70 with 18 new)datasets were used to produce the phylogenetic results.Taking into consideration the phylogenies inferred from the nLSU and ITS datasets,Inonotus is a polyphyletic genus comprising at least three clades.Clade A,the core Inonotus clade,contains the generic type,Inonotus hispidus,while Clades B and C comprise species from the Inonotus linteus complex.Morphological and phylogenetic evidence indicates that Clades B and C are new genera,and Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus are introduced in this study.Ten species are transferred to Sanghuangporus and seven to Tropicoporus.Tropicoporus excentrodendri and T.guanacastensis spp.nov.are described,and their distinctive characters are discussed.Keys to the two new genera and the Inonotus sensu stricto,and to species of each new genus are provided.展开更多
This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and s...This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.展开更多
The Inonotus linteus complex comprises several closely related species characterized by pileate basidiomes,a heterogeneous hyphal system with a monomitic context and a dimitic hymenophoral trama.Setae are hymenial and...The Inonotus linteus complex comprises several closely related species characterized by pileate basidiomes,a heterogeneous hyphal system with a monomitic context and a dimitic hymenophoral trama.Setae are hymenial and basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid to subglobose,yellowish and thick-walled.Research to understand this complex have been particularly noticeable in East Asia.In the present paper,the complex was studied at a larger scale,including samples from Mesoamerica.Inonotus linteus,an epitype of this species being designated here,is circumscribed as a narrow sense based on morphological and phylogenetic data,and this has lead to delimiting a new species from Mesoamerica,viz.I.cubensis,and provides evidence for two additional species,I.alpinus and I.zonatus,from East Asia.Phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences also confirmed the status of I.baumii,I.linteus,I.lonicericola,I.lonicerinus,I.vaninii,I.sanghuang,I.weigelae and I.weirianus as distinct taxa,while I.tenuicontextus is considered to be a synonym of I.weigelae.A key to 11 species in the complex is provided.展开更多
There have been several investigations into the genus Heterobasidion,however,differentiation of species in these studies have depended on the gene regions analyzed.Reliable defining of species,establishing species div...There have been several investigations into the genus Heterobasidion,however,differentiation of species in these studies have depended on the gene regions analyzed.Reliable defining of species,establishing species divergence times and establishing species biogeographical distributions have been challenging.Here,we used a multilocus phylogenetic approach and maximum parsimony,maximum likehood,and Bayesian analyses to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Heterobasidion species.In addition,we focused on a fungus fossil-based approach and used the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II-the second subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB1-RPB2)dataset to perform maximum likelihoodbased estimation and Bayesian binary analyses,to assess the divergence and biogeographical distributions of Heterobasidion species.The Heterobasidion annousum/H.insulare species complex clusters in three groups in the phylogenetic analyses.Molecular dating suggests that ancestral Heterobasidion species originated in Eurasia during the Early Miocene,followed by dispersal and speciation to other continents during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene.Our data are compatible with the previous viewpoint that H.irregulare and H.occidentale colonized North America via different routes,which has been interpreted as Beringian and Thulean North Atlantic vicariance.In addition,we propose that the occurrence of H.araucariae in the southern Hemisphere was probably due to recent human-mediated introductions.Plate tectonics and long-distance dispersal are the most likely factors that influenced Heterobasidion speciation and biogeography.展开更多
The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved i...The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats.Yet,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging.In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels.Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,respectively.This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental stud-ies.In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences.On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.展开更多
Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps,a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae,and hyaline,thin-walled,more or less cylindrical basidiospores.The species of Polyporus are divided into s...Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps,a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae,and hyaline,thin-walled,more or less cylindrical basidiospores.The species of Polyporus are divided into six morphological groups,of which Melanopus is characterized by coriaceous basidiocarps,thin context and a black cuticle on the stipe.In this study,we explore the phylogeny and species diversity of Polyporus sensu lato focusing on the group Melanopus based on global samples.Our combined ITS and nLSU dataset included 117 collections represented by 117 ITS and 94 nLSU sequences,of which 43 ITS and 37 nLSU sequences were newly generated.The resulting phylogenetic analysis recovered four clades,Favolus,Neofavolus,Melanopus and Polyporellus clades,while several species in the morphological groups Melanopus and Polyporus were outside these clades.Combined with morphological evidence,three new species in the Melanopus clade,Polyporus americanus,P.austroandinus and P.conifericola,are newly described and illustrated,and their distinctive characters are discussed.The illegitimate name Polyporus fraxineus is renamed as Polyporus fraxinicola.The phylogeny and taxonomy of each species in group Melanopus(morphology)or Melanopus clade(phylogeny)and related species are briefly discussed.展开更多
Correction to:Fungal Diversity(2020)105:116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2 There were errors in the name of author LászlóG.Nagy and in affiliation no.31 in the original publication.The original a...Correction to:Fungal Diversity(2020)105:116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2 There were errors in the name of author LászlóG.Nagy and in affiliation no.31 in the original publication.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
Objective:It has recently been shown that the melanoma antigen gene(MAGE)family is expressed in various tumor cell lines but silent in normal tissues,except germ cell lines.Mageb4,a member of the MAGE family,is highly...Objective:It has recently been shown that the melanoma antigen gene(MAGE)family is expressed in various tumor cell lines but silent in normal tissues,except germ cell lines.Mageb4,a member of the MAGE family,is highly expressed in the testis and homologous in humans and mice.Whole-exome sequencing studies have identifiedMageb4 as a possible X-linked cause of inherited male infertility.However,the function of Mageb4 protein remains largely unknown.Methods:Using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)9 technology,we generated aMageb4 knockout mouse model(Mageb4^-/Y)to explore the role of this gene in spermatogenesis.Results:First,immunostaining of testicular cells showed thatMageb4 is localized in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia.Second,Mageb4^-/Y male mice displayed significant increases in apoptosis.However,Mageb4^-/Y male mice showed normal fertility,including normal sperm concentration,sperm motility,and testicular and epididymal histology.Conclusions:These findings suggest that,despite testis-exclusive expression,Mageb4 is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis.Future research should focus on the role of this gene in apoptosis,aiming to provide clinical guidance regarding male infertility.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1802231&31701978)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)+2 种基金The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)LWZ and ZLY thanks to the financial supports by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2017240)the Yunling scholars funds of Yunnan Provincial Government,respectively.
文摘The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.
基金financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31530002)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),Grant No.2019QZKK0503.
文摘Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are pre-sented.A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and two or multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Coltricia,Fomitiporella,Fomiti-poria,Fulvifomes,Fuscoporia,Inonotus,Phylloporia,Porodaedalea,Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus,were carried out.Based on samples from 37 countries of five continents,seven new genera,Meganotus,Neophellinus,Nothonotus,Pachynotus,Perenninotus,Pseudophylloporia and Rigidonotus,are introduced,37 new species,Coltricia tibetica,Fomitiporella crassa,F.queenslandica,Fomitiporia eucalypti,F.gatesii,F.ovoidospora,Fulvifomes azonatus,F.caligoporus,F.costaricense,F.floridanus,F.jouzaii,F.nakasoneae,F.subindicus,Fuscoporia sinuosa,F.submurina,Inonotus subradiatus,I.vietnamensis,Neomensularia castanopsidis,Pachynotus punctatus,Phellinus cuspidatus,P.subellipsoideus,Phylloporia minutissima,P.tabernaemontanae,Porodaedalea occidentiamericana,P.orientoamericana,P.qilianensis,P.schrenkianae,Pseudo-phylloporia australiana,Sanghuangporus australianus,S.lagerstroemiae,Tropicoporus angustisulcatus,T.hainanicus,T.lineatus,T.minus,T.ravidus,T.substratificans and T.tenuis,are described,and 108 new combinations are proposed.In addition,one illegitimate name and two invalid names are renamed,and Coltricia and Coltriciella were synonymized.The taxonomic relevance and limits of the new taxa are discussed.Photos and illustrations for 37 new species are presented,and a full description for each new species is given.Eventually,this study recognizes 672 species in 34 genera and provides a modern treatment of the poroid Hymenochaetaceae in the world.A key to the accepted poroid genera of Hymenochaetaceae is provided,and identification keys to the accepted species of 32 poroid genera worldwide are given.A synopsis description of each species is included in these keys.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31200015).
文摘Although Inonotus linteus complex is placed in the genusInonotus,its perennial basidiocarps with a dimitic hyphal system,at least in the trama,distinguish the complex from other species in the genus,which have an annual habit and a monomitic hyphal system.The species number of Inonotus linteus complex has been increased in China and tropical America in recent publications.However,whether species in this complex belong to Inonotus has not specifically been addressed.To explore the phylogenetic placement of species of Inonotus linteus complex,we performed a comprehensive study using morphological and phylogenetic data based on global samples.nLSU(53 with 13 new)and ITS(70 with 18 new)datasets were used to produce the phylogenetic results.Taking into consideration the phylogenies inferred from the nLSU and ITS datasets,Inonotus is a polyphyletic genus comprising at least three clades.Clade A,the core Inonotus clade,contains the generic type,Inonotus hispidus,while Clades B and C comprise species from the Inonotus linteus complex.Morphological and phylogenetic evidence indicates that Clades B and C are new genera,and Sanghuangporus and Tropicoporus are introduced in this study.Ten species are transferred to Sanghuangporus and seven to Tropicoporus.Tropicoporus excentrodendri and T.guanacastensis spp.nov.are described,and their distinctive characters are discussed.Keys to the two new genera and the Inonotus sensu stricto,and to species of each new genus are provided.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for the financial support(Project Nos.31770028,31970017 and 31470148)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.ZSBR-015)+33 种基金the Qingyuan Forest CERN(Chinese Academy of Sciences)for supporting sampling in various ways.Yu-Cheng Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Project Nos.U1802231)the Second Tibetan Pla-teau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas contract”(No.DBG6280009)for supporting this work.the Croatian Science Foundation under the project ForFun-giDNA(IP-2018-01-1736)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31750001 and 31670016)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03016)for financial support.Monika C.Dayarathne would like to acknowledge the projects,viz.National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31560489 and 31972222)Science and technology basic work of MOST[2014FY120100]National Key Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014BAD23B03/03)Talent project of Guizhou science and technol-ogy cooperation platform([2017]5788-5,[2019]5641)Guizhou science,technology department international cooperation base project([2018]5806)Guangyu Sun would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31772113,31972220 and 31170015)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)for the financial support.the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31670022,31470153 and 31970019)“111”Project(No.D17014)for financial sup-port.the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology(UCoST)for financial support(Project No.UCSandT/RandD/LS-1/12-13/4912)on“Collection,identification,documentation of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms of Garhwal Himalaya of Uttarakhand”the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No:31701978).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31270072)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSBR-001)National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(2013FY110400).the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.Yusufjon Gafforov thanks the financial research support by the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan(Project No.P3-2014-0830174425 and PЗ-20170921183)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Visiting Scientist(Grant No.2018VBB0021)German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)for a Visiting Fellowship(Grant No.57314018).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31970012)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.2017240).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1803232 and 31670026)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0122000)for financial support.the project‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco’s Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(Grant No.2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)the National Science Foundation of China(Project No.31850410489)for financial research support.the ELTE Institutional Excellence Program financed by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH-1157-8/2019-DT).
文摘This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31070022,30910103907,31200015)Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant(Project No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.ZR2012CL03)Cony Decock gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from the Belgian State-Belgian Federal Science Policy through the BCCMTM research program and from the FNRS/FRFC(convention FRFC 2.4544.10).
文摘The Inonotus linteus complex comprises several closely related species characterized by pileate basidiomes,a heterogeneous hyphal system with a monomitic context and a dimitic hymenophoral trama.Setae are hymenial and basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid to subglobose,yellowish and thick-walled.Research to understand this complex have been particularly noticeable in East Asia.In the present paper,the complex was studied at a larger scale,including samples from Mesoamerica.Inonotus linteus,an epitype of this species being designated here,is circumscribed as a narrow sense based on morphological and phylogenetic data,and this has lead to delimiting a new species from Mesoamerica,viz.I.cubensis,and provides evidence for two additional species,I.alpinus and I.zonatus,from East Asia.Phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences also confirmed the status of I.baumii,I.linteus,I.lonicericola,I.lonicerinus,I.vaninii,I.sanghuang,I.weigelae and I.weirianus as distinct taxa,while I.tenuicontextus is considered to be a synonym of I.weigelae.A key to 11 species in the complex is provided.
基金We thank Dr.Natalia Arhipova(Latvia)for providing a photo of H.araucariae.We express our gratitude to Drs.Bang Feng and Xi-Hui Du(HKAS,China)for helping us in informative analyses and improving this manuscript.The research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project Nos.JC2013-1 and BLYJ201403)。
文摘There have been several investigations into the genus Heterobasidion,however,differentiation of species in these studies have depended on the gene regions analyzed.Reliable defining of species,establishing species divergence times and establishing species biogeographical distributions have been challenging.Here,we used a multilocus phylogenetic approach and maximum parsimony,maximum likehood,and Bayesian analyses to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Heterobasidion species.In addition,we focused on a fungus fossil-based approach and used the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II-the second subunit of RNA polymerase II(RPB1-RPB2)dataset to perform maximum likelihoodbased estimation and Bayesian binary analyses,to assess the divergence and biogeographical distributions of Heterobasidion species.The Heterobasidion annousum/H.insulare species complex clusters in three groups in the phylogenetic analyses.Molecular dating suggests that ancestral Heterobasidion species originated in Eurasia during the Early Miocene,followed by dispersal and speciation to other continents during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene.Our data are compatible with the previous viewpoint that H.irregulare and H.occidentale colonized North America via different routes,which has been interpreted as Beringian and Thulean North Atlantic vicariance.In addition,we propose that the occurrence of H.araucariae in the southern Hemisphere was probably due to recent human-mediated introductions.Plate tectonics and long-distance dispersal are the most likely factors that influenced Heterobasidion speciation and biogeography.
基金Estonian Science Foundation grants PSG136,PRG632,PUT1170the University of Tartu(PLTOM20903)the European Regional Development Fund(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
文摘The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats.Yet,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging.In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels.Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,respectively.This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental stud-ies.In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences.On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.
基金Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31070022,30910103907)Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant(Project No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9)to Y.C.Dai+1 种基金from the institutional support RVO:60077344 of the Czech Academy of Sciences to J.Vlasákfrom the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31200015)to L.W.Zhou,and from CFERN&GENE Award Funds on Ecological Paper to B.Wang.
文摘Polyporus accommodates species with stipitate basidiocarps,a dimitic hyphal system with skeleto-binding hyphae,and hyaline,thin-walled,more or less cylindrical basidiospores.The species of Polyporus are divided into six morphological groups,of which Melanopus is characterized by coriaceous basidiocarps,thin context and a black cuticle on the stipe.In this study,we explore the phylogeny and species diversity of Polyporus sensu lato focusing on the group Melanopus based on global samples.Our combined ITS and nLSU dataset included 117 collections represented by 117 ITS and 94 nLSU sequences,of which 43 ITS and 37 nLSU sequences were newly generated.The resulting phylogenetic analysis recovered four clades,Favolus,Neofavolus,Melanopus and Polyporellus clades,while several species in the morphological groups Melanopus and Polyporus were outside these clades.Combined with morphological evidence,three new species in the Melanopus clade,Polyporus americanus,P.austroandinus and P.conifericola,are newly described and illustrated,and their distinctive characters are discussed.The illegitimate name Polyporus fraxineus is renamed as Polyporus fraxinicola.The phylogeny and taxonomy of each species in group Melanopus(morphology)or Melanopus clade(phylogeny)and related species are briefly discussed.
文摘Correction to:Fungal Diversity(2020)105:116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2 There were errors in the name of author LászlóG.Nagy and in affiliation no.31 in the original publication.The original article has been corrected.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1003500 to F.S)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_2027)。
文摘Objective:It has recently been shown that the melanoma antigen gene(MAGE)family is expressed in various tumor cell lines but silent in normal tissues,except germ cell lines.Mageb4,a member of the MAGE family,is highly expressed in the testis and homologous in humans and mice.Whole-exome sequencing studies have identifiedMageb4 as a possible X-linked cause of inherited male infertility.However,the function of Mageb4 protein remains largely unknown.Methods:Using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)9 technology,we generated aMageb4 knockout mouse model(Mageb4^-/Y)to explore the role of this gene in spermatogenesis.Results:First,immunostaining of testicular cells showed thatMageb4 is localized in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia.Second,Mageb4^-/Y male mice displayed significant increases in apoptosis.However,Mageb4^-/Y male mice showed normal fertility,including normal sperm concentration,sperm motility,and testicular and epididymal histology.Conclusions:These findings suggest that,despite testis-exclusive expression,Mageb4 is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis.Future research should focus on the role of this gene in apoptosis,aiming to provide clinical guidance regarding male infertility.