长期培养和宏组学分析揭示了烃污染环境中的甲基营养型产甲烷途径

针对石油烃污染的厌氧环境,利用微生物的代谢作用将石油烃转化为甲烷是一种潜在的生物修复策略。然而,目前对于微生物厌氧烃降解产甲烷的机制尚不清楚。经过十年的持续富集和转接培养,我们获得了一种能够降解正构烷烃(C_(15)~C_(20))并且产甲烷富集培养体系,并且经过转接培养该培养物在甲烷生产的动力学特性方面得到了持续的提高。综合宏基因组和宏转录组的分析结果,发现正构烷烃主要通过Desulfosarcinaceae、Firmicutes和Synergistetes菌通过富马酸加成的方式进行起始活化,然后在Tepidiphilus菌的协同作用下进一步降解。同时,体系中含量较多的Anaerolineaceae菌主要负责死细胞生物质的回收。根据宏转录组学分析结果,甲烷主要通过H2依赖型的甲基营养甲烷途径产生,主要由候选门Verstraetearchaeta内的Methanomethyliaceae通过利用死细胞生物质回收代谢过程中产生的三甲胺来产生甲烷。这些发现表明,依赖H2的甲基营养产甲烷菌以及甲基营养产甲烷菌可能在含石油烃的地下生态系统的碳循环过程中发挥着重要的作用。

视网膜脱离行玻璃体切割术后发生视物变形的因素分析

目的:探讨玻璃体切割(PPV)术后成功复位的孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)患者发生视物变形的危险因素。方法:回顾性临床研究。纳入2017-01/2019-01在我院确诊的RRD患者94例94眼进行研究。所有患者均行经睫状体平坦部标准23G PPV手术。首次PPV后视网膜解剖复位。于PPV术前及术后1、6、12mo,至末次随访,行BCVA、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜、视物变形评分表(M-chart表)、OCT检查,并分析发生视物变形的危险因素。结果:术后1mo,94眼中50眼(53%)存在视物变形,视物变形(+)组平均M值为0.68±0.28,累及黄斑和未累及黄斑的RRD患者发生视物变形有差异(P<0.01),术后不同随访时间M值变化有差异(F=26.442,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:视网膜脱离累及黄斑(OR=9.020,95%CI:1.808~45.011,P=0.007)、EZ完整性中断(OR=10.570,95%CI:2.909~38.400,P<0.01)是RRD复位术后视物变形发生的独立影响因素。结论:PPV术后成功复位的RRD患者术后发生视物变形程度逐渐减轻,视网膜脱离累及黄斑和EZ完整性中断是发生视物变形的独立危险因素。

雷珠单抗治疗BRVO-ME的临床疗效及视力预后相关因素分析

目的:分析雷珠单抗治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(BRVO-ME)患者黄斑区视网膜结构和功能的改善情况,并探讨影响视力预后的相关因素。方法:前瞻性临床研究。选取2018-06/2019-05于我院眼科确诊的BRVO-ME患者25例25眼,均接受每月1次,连续3次玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗。分别于治疗前和第3次玻璃体腔注射1mo后检测最佳矫正视力(BCVA),并利用相干光断层扫描成像(OCT和OCTA)技术检测黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT),评估浅层视网膜毛细血管网的血管长度密度(VLD)、血管灌注密度(VPD)、中心凹无血管区面积(FAZ),通过多焦视网膜电流图(mf-ERG)分析一环和二环(中央凹)的N1、P1波潜伏期及P1波振幅密度。结果:治疗后,本组患者BCVA(LogMAR)较治疗前显著改善(0.323±0.086 vs 0.773±0.304,P<0.05);CMT显著降低(239.385±33.175μm vs 489.346±137.453μm,P<0.05),而VLD、VPD、FAZ均无明显变化(P>0.05);一环和二环N1波潜伏期、P1波潜伏期显著降低,且P1波振幅密度值显著提高(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,年龄、治疗前BCVA、VLD、VPD、FAZ与治疗前后视力变化值具有显著相关性(均P<0.05)。结论:玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗治疗BRVO-ME可显著降低黄斑水肿,改善视力及黄斑区结构和功能,年龄、基线BCVA、黄斑区微结构参数可作为评估视力改善的预测指标。

Magnetic resonance-based total liver volume and magnetic resonance-diffusion weighted imaging for staging liver fibrosis in mini-pigs

AIM:To determine whether and how magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based total liver volume(TLV) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) could predict liver fibrosis.METHODS:Sixteen experimental mature mini-pigs(6 males,10 females),weighing between 20.0 and 24.0 kg were prospectively used to model liver fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4 dissolved in fat emulsion twice a week for 16 wk,and by feeding 40% CCl4 mixed with maize flour twice daily for the subsequent 5 wk.All the survival animals underwent percutaneous liver biopsy and DWI using b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2 followed by abdominal gadolinium-enhanced MRI at the 0,5th,9th,16th and 21st weekend after beginning of the modeling.TLV was obtained on enhanced MRI,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) was obtained on DWI.Hepatic tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and Masson' s trichrome staining for staging liver fibrosis.Pathological specimens were scored using the human METAVIR classification system.Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether and how the TLV and ADC could be used to predict the stage of liver fibrosis.RESULTS:TLV increased from stage 0 to 2 and decreased from stage 3(r = 0.211;P < 0.001).There was a difference in TLV between stage 0-1 and 2-4(P = 0.03) whereas no difference between stage 0-2 and 3-4(P = 0.71).TLV could predict stage ≥ 2 [area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) = 0.682].There was a decrease in ADC values with increasing stage of fibrosis for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2(r =-0.418,-0.535 and-0.622,respectively;all P < 0.001).Differences were found between stage 0-1 and 2-4 in ADC values for b = 300,500 and 800 s/mm2,and between stage 0-2 and 3-4 for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2(all P < 0.05).For predicting stage ≥ 2 and ≥ 3,AUC was 0.803 and 0.847 for b = 500 s/mm2,and 0.848 and 0.887 for b = 800 s/mm2,respectively.CONCLUSION:ADC for b = 500 or 800 s/mm2 could be better than TLV and ADC for b = 300 s/mm2 to pre-dict fibrosis stage ≥ 2 or ≥ 3.

Role of cell adhesion signal molecules in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis

AIM: Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadherins, such as (focal adhesion kinase) FAK, (integrin linked kinase)ILK, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.METHODS: We first synthesized the small molecular compound, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and identified it, by element analysis and 1H NMR. To establish the apoptosis model of the SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, we treated cells with DCVC in EBSS for different concentrations or for various length times in the presence of 20 μmol/L N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine,which blocks necrotic cell death and identified this model by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Then we studied the changes of FAK, ILK, β-catenin, and PKB in this apoptotic model by Western blot.RESULTS: We found that the loss or decrease of cell adhesion signal molecules is an important reason in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell and the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell was preceded by the loss or decrease of FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin or the damage of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the decrease of adhesion signal molecules, FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin,could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.

Inhibition of NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3p Signaling Pathways Ameliorates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is associated with an increased risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3p have been demonstrated to play pathogenic roles in diabetes.In this study,we evaluated the roles of these two pathways in T1 DM-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)or meisoindigo(Me)to inhibit NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3P respectively for 4 or 8 weeks.As compared with untreated diabetic rats,treatment with either PDTC or Me partly attenuated the myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis,improved cardiac function,and exhibited reduction in inflammatory reaction.In addition,we found that inhibiting NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β pathways could regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.The effects were associated with the decrease of NF-κB activity and the downregulation of some proinflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-2.Our data suggested that the activities of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β pathways were both increased and inhibiting NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling pathways might improve myocardial injury in T1DM rats.

A score model for predicting post-liver transplantation survival in HBV cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma recipients: a single center 5-year experience

BACKGROUND： The prognostic prediction of liver transplantation（LT） guides the donor organ allocation. However, there is currently no satisfactory model to predict the recipients’ outcome, especially for the patients with HBV cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. The present study was to develop a quantitative assessment model for predicting the post-LT survival in HBV-related HCC patients.METHODS： Two hundred and thirty-eight LT recipients at the Liver Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between 2008 and 2013 were included in this study. Their post-LT prognosis was recorded and multiple risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses in Cox regression.RESULTS： The score model was as follows： 0.114×（Child-Pugh score）-0.002×（positive HBV DNA detection time）＋0.647×（number of tumor nodules）＋0.055×（max diameter of tumor nodules）＋0.231×ln AFP＋0.437×（tumor differentiation grade）.The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the scoring model for predicting the post-LT survival was 0.887. The cut-off value was 1.27, which was associated with a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 90.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION： The quantitative score model for predicting post-LT survival proved to be sensitive and specific.

Exploring the key genes and pathways of ulcerative colitis in a mouse model using gene expression profiling

Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcerative colitis's pathogenesis.Methods:Gene expression profiles(GSE22307)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We conducted differential screens of the expression of genes(differentially expressed genes)between two groups using the online tool Gene Expression Omnibus 2R,then use the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape software to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on differentially expressed genes.Molecular Complex Detection plugin was used to visualize differentially expressed genes'gene-gene interaction network and screen for gene modules.The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the hub genes and then analyzed with the ClueGO plugin to further understand ulcerative colitis's specific biological mechanism.Result:A total of 1,151 differentially expressed genes were identified,among which 798 were upregulated,and the remaining 353 were down-regulated.The gene ontology results revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in inflammation,cytokine activity,protein binding,and several other biological processes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were mainly increased in the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway.Using the gene-gene interaction network analysis,we found that IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF may be responsible for ulcerative colitis's occurrence and development.Those target genes were enriched mainly in the neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of humoral immune response.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that those differentially expressed genes,especially IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF,may be associated with the development and progression of ulcerative colitis.

生物基δ-己内酯与L-丙交酯顺序开环共聚制备热塑性弹性体及其性质研究

发展可再生、可降解脂肪族热塑性弹性体有望部分替代目前广泛使用的聚苯乙烯型热塑性弹性体材料,对于解决塑料污染问题具有重要意义.本工作以商品化的生物基单体δ-己内酯和L-丙交酯为原料,利用有机碱(t-BuP_(2))/脲二元催化体系实现其顺序开环聚合,成功制备得到聚乳酸-b-聚(δ-己内酯)-b-聚乳酸三嵌段共聚物.这些三嵌段共聚物随软硬段比例不同表现出不同的力学性质.在硬段体积分数较高时(0.30<f_(hard)<0.45),三嵌段共聚物表现出热塑性弹性体性质,具有较高的断裂伸长率和弹性回复率.在硬段体积分数较小时(f_(hard)<0.22),三嵌段共聚物与环氧大豆油混合后可作为压敏胶使用.

Optimization of closing law of turbine guide vanes based on improved artificial ecosystem algorithm

Optimization of the closing law of the guide vane is the most economical and efficient way to reduce the risk incurred by pressure and speed excursions,thus guaranteeing the security of the hydro-turbine and the whole hydraulic network.In order to optimize the closing law of the guide vane of hydraulic turbine,an improved artificial ecosystem optimization algorithm was proposed(IAEO).The reverse learning was used to initialize the population,multi-strategy bound handing schemes was used to improve the algorithm convergence speed.Twenty-three mathematical benchmark functions were used to test the IAEO.Results showed an improvement in the IAEO algorithm convergence speed and a stronger exploration than other algorithms.IAEO algorithm was used to optimize the closing law of the guide vane of hydraulic turbine based on the hydraulic transient calculation.The results showed that the maximum pressure in the spiral casing inlet,the minimum pressure in the draft tube inlet and the maximum speed all meet the design requirements by use of the closing law of the guide vane optimized by IAEO.Compared with other algorithms such as particle swarm optimization(PSO),artificial ecosystem-based optimization(AEO)and grey wolf optimizer(GWO),the closing law of the guide vane optimized by IAEO algorithm was proved to be of great advantages in distribution of safety margin of each optimization goal.

Interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under high glucose milieus result in inflammatory response and impaired insulin sensitivity

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle handles about 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and become the major organ occurring insulin resistance(IR).Many studies have confirmed the interactions between macrophages and skeletal muscle regulated the inflammation and regeneration of skeletal muscle.However,despite of the decades of research,whether macrophages infiltration and polarization in skeletal muscle under high glucose(HG)milieus results in the development of IR is yet to be elucidated.C2C12 myoblasts are well-established and excellent model to study myogenic regulation and its responses to stimulation.Further exploration of macrophages'role in myoblasts IR and the dynamics of their infiltration and polarization is warranted.AIM To evaluate interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under HG,and its effects on inflammation and IR in skeletal muscle.METHODS We detected the polarization status of macrophages infiltrated to skeletal muscles of IR mice by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining.Then,we developed an in vitro co-culture system to study the interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under HG milieus.The effects of myoblasts on macrophages were explored through morphological observation,CCK-8 assay,Flow Cytometry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mediation of macrophages to myogenesis and insulin sensitivity were detected by morphological observation,CCK-8 assay,Immunofluorescence,and 2-NBDG assay.RESULTS The F4/80 and co-localization of F4/80 and CD86 increased,and the myofiber size decreased in IR group(P<0.01,g=6.26).Compared to Mc group,F4/80+CD86+CD206-cells,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα),inerleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 decreased,and IL-10 increased in McM group(P<0.01,g>0.8).In McM+HG group,F4/80+CD86+CD206-cells,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 were increased,and F4/80+CD206+CD86-cells and IL-10 were decreased compared with Mc+HG group and McM group(P<0.01,g>0.8).Compered to M group,myotube area,myotube number and E-MHC were increased in MMc group(P<0.01,g>0.8).In MMc+HG group,myotube area,myotube number,E-MHC,GLUT4 and glucose uptake were decreased compared with M+HG group and MMc group(P<0.01,g>0.8).CONCLUSION Interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under HG milieus results in inflammation and IR,which support that the macrophage may serve as a promising therapeutic target for skeletal muscle atrophy and IR.

肿瘤靶向治疗中低频超声联合微泡造影剂的研究新进展（英文）

随着超声影像新技术的不断发展和超声造影剂制备技术的不断改进,低频超声和超声造影剂在肿瘤治疗中的作用日趋重要。利用超声波与微泡造影剂的相互作用及所产生的生物学效应,可实现微泡携的基因、药物等向靶目标组织的转移释放,介导肿瘤细胞的凋亡及肿瘤微血管的栓塞阻断等,从而起到靶向治疗的作用。随着超声波参数的优化和靶向微泡造影剂的研制,以及各种兼具诊治功能的复合型应用探头的面世,低频超声联合微泡造影剂介导肿瘤靶向治疗将为临床肿瘤的治疗带来新的希望。

Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region of China

Background:The echinococcosis is prevalent in 10 provinces/autonomous region in western and northern China.Epidemiological survey of echinococcosis in China in 2012 showed the average prevalence of four counties in Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)is 4.23%,much higher than the average prevalence in China(0.24%).It is important to understand the transmission risks and the prevalence of echinococcosis in human and animals in TAR.Methods:A stratified and proportionate sampling method was used to select samples in TAR.The selected residents were examined by B-ultrasonography diagnostic,and the faeces of dogs were tested for the canine coproantigen against Echinococcus spp.using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined by visual examination and palpation.The awareness of the prevention and control of echinococcosis among of residents and students was investigated using questionnaire.All data were inputted using double entry in the Epi Info database,with error correction by double-entry comparison,the statistical analysis of all data was processed using SPSS 21.0,and the map was mapped using ArcGIS 10.1,the data was tested by Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results:A total of 80384 people,7564 faeces of dogs,and 2103 internal organs of slaughtered domestic animals were examined.The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans in TAR was 1.66%,the positive rate in females(1.92%)was significantly higher than that in males(1.41%),(X2=30.31,P<0.01),the positive rate of echinococcosis was positively associated with age(X2trend=-423.95,P<0.01),and the occupational populations with high positive rates of echinococcosis were herdsmen(3.66%)and monks(3.48%).The average positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigen in TAR was 7.30%.The positive rate of echinococcosis in livestock for the whole region was 11.84%.The average awareness rate of echinococcosis across the region was 33.39%.Conclusions:A high prevalence of echinococcosis is found across the TAR,representing a very serious concern to human health.Efforts should be made to develop an action plan for echinococcosis prevention and control as soon as possible,so as to control the endemic of echinococcosis and reduce the medical burden on the population.

Prevale nee and spatial distribution patterns of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province, China

Background:Echinococcosis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus larvae.This disease is highly endemic in Sichuan Province,China.This study investigates the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province,geared towards providing a future reference for the development of precise prevention and control strategies.

高水溶性、抗氧化活性和口服吸收率的橙皮素纳米制剂的制备（英文）

目的:橙皮素拥有抗氧化、抗炎和降脂等多种生理活性,但由于其水溶性差、代谢快,导致其口服生物利用度很低。因此,本研究制备了橙皮素-维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)胶束和橙皮素-磷脂酰胆碱(PC)复合物,来提高橙皮素的水溶性、抗氧化活性和口服吸收率。创新点:本研究使用美国食品药品监督管理局(US FDA)批准的辅料制备了两种纳米制剂:橙皮素-TPGS胶束和橙皮素-PC复合物。不仅制备方法简单,而且能显著提高橙皮素的水溶性、抗氧化活性和口服吸收率。方法:本研究使用溶剂分散法制备纳米制剂。将橙皮素与分散剂溶于有机溶剂中,在40°C下搅拌30 min,然后旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用水复溶即得橙皮素-TPGS胶束和橙皮素-PC复合物。本研究使用差示扫描量热法表征纳米制剂的热效应;用动态光散射法测定纳米制剂的粒径;用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测纳米制剂的细胞毒性;用细胞抗氧化活性测定法对比纳米制剂与橙皮素本身的抗氧化活性;使用灌胃法评估纳米制剂的口服吸收效果。结论:研究结果发现:以质量比1:12制备的橙皮素-TPGS胶束和橙皮素-PC复合物,其粒径分别为26.19和219.15 nm,没有明显的细胞毒性,同时能够将橙皮素的水溶性分别提高到21.5和20.7倍,抗氧化活性分别提高到4.2和3.9倍,口服生物利用分别提高到16.2和18.0倍。因此,这两种纳米制剂在药剂和保健品制造方面具有重要的应用价值。

Assessment of volumetric bone mineral density of the femoral neck in postmenopausal women with and without vertebral fractures using quantitative multi-slice CT

Objective:To demonstrate the validity and reliability of volumetric quantitative computed tomography(vQCT) with multi-slice computed tomography(MSCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) for hip bone mineral density(BMD) measurements,and to compare the differences between the two techniques in discriminating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures from those without. Methods:Ninety subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the BMD values of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck by DXA. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of postmenopausal women with BMD changes <?2SD,with and without radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture(n=11 and 33,respectively) . Group 3 comprised normal controls with BMD changes ≥-1SD(n=46) . Post-MSCT(GE,LightSpeed16) scan reconstructed images of the abdominal-pelvic region,1.25 mm thick per slice,were processed by OsteoCAD software to calculate the following parameters:volumetric BMD values of trabecular bone(TRAB) ,cortical bone(CORT) ,and integral bone(INTGL) of the left femoral neck,femoral neck axis length(NAL) ,and minimum cross-section area(mCSA) . DXA BMD measurements of the lumbar spine(AP-SPINE) and the left femoral neck(NECK) also were performed for each subject. Results:The values of all seven parameters were significantly lower in subjects of Groups 1 and 2 than in normal postmenopausal women(P<0.05,respectively) . Comparing Groups 1 and 2,3D-TRAB and 3D-INTGL were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture(s) [(109.8±9.61) and(243.3±33.0) mg/cm3,respectively] than in those without [(148.9±7.47) and(285.4±17.8) mg/cm3,respectively](P<0.05,respectively) ,but no significant differences were evident in AP-SPINE or NECK BMD. Conclusion:the femoral neck-derived volumetric BMD parameters using vQCT appeared better than the DXA-derived ones in discriminating osteoporotic postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures from those without. vQCT might be useful to evaluate the effect of osteoporotic vertebral fracture status on changes in bone mass in the femoral neck.

肝癌肝移植术后受体预后相关因素的研究进展（英文）

研究肝癌肝移植患者术后生存与影响生存的各影响因素之间的关系,并评价各影响因素及移植标准的价值。筛选有效的预测肝癌预后的影响因素,可帮助建立肝移植术后肿瘤预后预警机制,对改善肝癌肝移植受体的术后预后具有重要意义。杭州标准是被国际移植学界广泛接受的肝癌肝移植标准,在引领肝癌肝移植领域的发展中做出了重要贡献。

Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China

Background:Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China.Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)is the most serious prevalent area.Linzhi is located in southeastern part ofTAR.Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans.A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years.This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs.

Three-dimensional topological insulators:case of quaternary Heusler compounds

The feasibility of converting quaternary Heusler compounds XX’MZ(X=Sc,La;X’=Sc,Y;M=Ru,Fe;Z=Pb)into three-dimensional topological insulators was investigated by first-principle calculations.It is found that the topological insulating state can be achieved in these quaternary Heusler compounds by the proper strain engineering or the substitution of elements.Most of these compounds investigated in this paper have a negative formation energy,which implies that they are possible to be synthesized in reality.

Photoinduced Terminal Fluorine and Ti^(3+)in TiOF_(2)/TiO_(2)Heterostructure for Enhanced Charge Transfer

As an effective way to enhance the photo/electrocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))is to explore the positive roles of doped fluorine sites in the fluorinated TiO_(2)systems,which,currently still lacks the direct experimental evidence due to the complexity of the species involved.Herein,we have fabricated TiOF_(2)/TiO_(2)with interfacial bridging fluorine(Ti2-F)via a coherent phase transition through hydrothermal synthesis.Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance characterization have provided strong evidence of the transformation of the doped fluorine from Ti2-F to Ti1-F and the subsequent generation of Ti^(3+)at the interface of the TiOF_(2)and TiO_(2)under UV-visible(UV-vis)light irradiation.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and photo/electrochemical measurements further confirmed the electron donor behavior of the Ti^(3+).The benefit is a significantly enhanced charge transfer efficiency in TiOF_(2)/TiO_(2),which not only resulted in improved performances for the photodegradation of acetone being 5.5 times higher than the commercial TiO_(2)but also supported high capacity for sodium-ion storage.Thus,the TiOF_(2)/TiO_(2)with Ti2-F provided a perfect structure to investigate the roles of fluorine sites in fluorinated TiO_(2)systems and their interaction with material properties.