Protein Disulfide Isomerase A2 Is Correlated with Immune Infiltrates and Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Glioma Patients

Objective Protein disulfide isomerase A2(PDIA2),a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family,plays a key role in the folding of nascent proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by forming disulfide bonds,together with enzymes such as thiol isomerase,oxidase,and reductase.This study investigated the clinical significance and potential functions of PDIA2 in glioma.Methods The expression of PDIA2 in gliomas was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.We analyzed the clinical characteristics of glioma patients and the prognostic and diagnostic value of PDIA2 expression.Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to examine the effect of PDIA2 expression on overall survival,progression-free interval,and disease-specific survival.Furthermore,we performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and immune infiltration analysis to investigate the functions of PDIA2.PDIA2 mRNA and protein expression was evaluated in cell lines and glioma tissues.Results PDIA2 was expressed at low levels in glioma patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that glioma patients with low PDIA2 levels had a worse prognosis than those with high PDIA2 levels.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the diagnostic and prognostic ability of PDIA2(area under the curve=0.918).Pathways associated with PD1,PI3K/AKT,cancer immunotherapy via PD1 blockade,Fceri-mediated NF-kB activation,FOXM1,and DNA repair were enriched in glioma patients with low levels of PDIA2.PDIA2 expression levels were negatively correlated with immune cell infiltrate levels.Conclusion PDIA2 levels are significantly downregulated in glioma.PDIA2 expression may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma patients.

HOXA11-AS aggravates microglia-induced neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury

Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs)participate in many pathophysiological processes after traumatic brain injury by mediating neuroinflammation and apoptosis.Homeobox A11 antisense RNA(HOXA11-AS)is a member of the lnc RNA family that has been reported to participate in many inflammatory reactions;however,its role in traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we established rat models of traumatic brain injury using a weight-drop hitting device and injected LV-HOXA11-AS into the right lateral ventricle 2 weeks before modeling.The results revealed that overexpression of HOXA11-AS aggravated neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury rats,increased brain edema and apoptosis,promoted the secretion of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factorα,and promoted the activation of astrocytes and microglia.Microglia were treated with 100 ng/m L lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours to establish in vitro cell models,and then transfected with pc DNA-HOXA11-AS,mi R-124-3 p mimic,or sh-MDK.The results revealed that HOXA11-AS inhibited mi R-124-3 p expression and boosted MDK expression and TLR4-nuclear factor-κB pathway activation.Furthermore,lipopolysaccharide enhanced potent microglia-induced inflammatory responses in astrocytes.Forced overexpression of mi R-124-3 p or downregulating MDK repressed microglial activation and the inflammatory response of astrocytes.However,the mi R-124-3 p-mediated anti-inflammatory effects were reversed by HOXA11-AS.These findings suggest that HOXA11-AS can aggravate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury by modulating the mi R-124-3 p-MDK axis.This study was approved by the Animal Protection and Use Committee of Southwest Medical University(approval No.SMU-2019-042)on February 4,2019.

Artifi cial liver support system in treatment of liverfailure after acute poisoning

BACKGROUND： Acute poisoning （AP） may cause failure of the liver and kidney, and evendeath. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of artificial liver support system （ALSS） on thetreatment of liver failure after acute poisoning.METHODS： A total of 31 patients with liver failure caused by AP were admitted to emergency ICU,central ICU, and Department of Gastroenterology from 2005 to 2009 in Zhongshan Hospital Affi liatedto Xiamen University, China. Among them, 13 patients served as a treatment group, and used ALSS inaddition to detoxifi cation treatment and protective treatment of liver function, and the other 18 patientsserved as a control group receiving detoxifi cation treatment and protective treatment of liver function.RESULTS： In the treatment group, 10 patients （76.9%） were cured or improved, 2 died, and1 was discharged against advice. In the 18 patients in the control group, 7 （38.9%） were cured orimproved, 3 died, and 8 were discharged against advice. There was a significant difference in therates of improvement between the two groups （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： ALSS is a safe and effective clinical method for the treatment of acute toxicliver failure.

Low thermal expansion and broad band photoluminescence of Zr0.1Al1.9Mo2.9V0.1O12

A new material of Zr0.1Al1.9Mo2.9V0.1O12 is synthesized by the traditional solid state synthesis method.The phase transition,coefficient of thermal expansion,and luminescence properties of Zr0.1Al1.9Mo2.9V0.1O12 are explored with Raman spectrometer,dilatometer,and x-ray diffraction(XRD)diffractometer.The results show that the Zr0.1Al1.9Mo2.9V0.1O12 possesses the strong broad-band luminescence characteristics almost in the whole visible region.The sample is crystallized in a monoclinic structure group of P21/a(No.14)crystallized at room temperature(RT).The crystal is changed from monoclinic to orthorhombic structure when the temperature increases to 463 K.The material has very low thermal expansion performance in a wide temperature range.Its excellent low thermal expansion and strong pale green light properties in a wide temperature range suggest its potential applications in light-emitting diode(LED)and other optoelectronic devices.

Extracranial multiorgan metastasis from primary glioblastoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis.It is common to have in situ recurrence and intracranial metastasis,while extracranial metastasis is rare,and extracranial multiorgan metastasis is extremely rare.We report a case of glioblastoma with extracranial multiorgan metastasis,which will strengthen clinicians’attention to the extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma and its treatment.CASE SUMMARY A male patient visited our hospital for treatment of dizziness and headache.Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right temporoparietal occipital region.Chest computed tomography and abdominal ultrasound were normal,and no space-occupying lesions were observed in other organs of the body.The patient underwent surgery and diagnosed with glioblastoma.Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy were completed.During the follow-up,the tumor was found to have metastasized to the scalp and neck,and a second tumor resection was performed.Postoperative follow-up revealed extracranial metastases to multiple extracranial organs including skull,scalp,ribs,spine,liver and lung.His family members refused further treatment,and requested only symptomatic treatment such as pain relief,and the patient died of systemic multiple organ failure.Survival time from diagnosis to death was 13 mo and from extracranial metastasis to death was 6 mo.CONCLUSION Glioblastoma extracranial metastasis is extremely rare,clinicians should always pay attention to its existence.The mechanism of glioblastoma extracranial metastasis is still unclear,and genetic and molecular studies are required.

Application of Keyhole Microneurosurgery in China

INTRODUCTIONMicroneurosurgery made its debut in the early 1960s. It became popular in the medical field and became a primary operation method in neurosurgery since it improved the efficacy of neurosurgery with a less surgery-related injury. Over the past five decades, the accumulation of experience of microsurgery, improvement of microsurgery techniques, refined micro-instruments, and advanced preoperative diagnostic imaging allowed the evolution of microneurosurgery techniques and further reduced surgery-related trauma.