3例16p11.2微缺失综合征胎儿的产前诊断及其产前超声分析

目的分析3例16p11.2微缺失综合征胎儿的临床资料,探讨其产前诊断方法及宫内表型。方法回顾3例产前诊断为16p11.2微缺失(593 kb)胎儿的染色体核型分析、单核苷酸多态性微阵列(SNP微阵列)检测结果,分析这3例胎儿的产前超声特点。结果病例1和病例2胎儿羊水染色体核型为46,XX,病例3胎儿羊水染色体核型为46,XY。病例1的SNP微阵列结果为arr[hg19]16p11.2(29,428,531~30,350,748)X1,即16p11.2存在922 kb的缺失。病例2的SNP微阵列结果为arr[hg19]16p11.2(29,591,326~30,176,508)X1,即16p11.2存在585 kb的缺失。病例3的SNP微阵列结果为arr[hg19]16p11.2(29,428,531~30,176,508)X1,即16p11.2存在748 kb的缺失。3例均有关键区域缺失,包含PRRT2、KCTD13、TBX6、HIRIP3、SEZ6L2等候选致病基因。病例1、2产前超声均提示胎儿半椎体畸形、脊柱侧弯,病例3产前超声提示胎儿颈部半透明膜增厚。结论 16p11.2微缺失综合征在产前可出现各个系统超声异常,但椎体畸形最为常见。中国汉族人群产前超声中如果出现胎儿半椎体畸形、脊柱侧弯,应考虑16p11.2微缺失综合征的可能。SNP微阵列分析可以有效地诊断16p11.2微缺失综合征,明确其断裂点以及所涉及的基因,有助于分析其基因型与表型的对应关系。

多级离心泵叶轮切割定律研究

在工程设计和实际应用中,切割叶轮外径是降低水泵扬程最直接简便的方法。某厂在进行节能改造时,需要将一台带径向导叶的八级离心泵额定扬程从1211m降至1027m,按照切割定律计算切割量为7.9%,进行切割实验后测得扬程为889m,计算值和实验值相差15.5%。为了研究叶轮切割后实际扬程和切割定律计算偏差较大的原因,本文以原型泵为研究对象,通过对切割前后的多级离心泵中间级和单叶轮分别进行了多工况三维数值模拟,结果表明:在设计流量点,当叶轮切割7.9%时,扬程和效率分别降低29.0%、4.3%,切割定律预测值和实验值产生较大误差的原因主要有两方面:一是切割定律推导过程假设出口水流角不变,实际相对出口水流角从28.4°减少为23.3°,经过计算由于出口水流角变化导致了计算结果偏差8.6%。二是动静间隙流动不均匀,正导叶进口产生负冲角,流动发生分离和回流,流动损失增大,引起效率降低,从而导致计算结果偏差4.7%。研究结果为带径向导叶的多级离心泵叶轮切割工程应用提供了参考。

Neuroprotection of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sub-acute traumatic brain injury:not by immediately improving cerebral oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure

Although hyperbaric oxygen （HBO） therapy can promote the recovery of neural function in patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury （TBI）, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen treatment plays a neuroprotective role in TBI by increasing regional transcranial oxygen saturation （rSO2） and oxygen partial pressure （PaO2）. To test this idea, we compared two groups： a control group with 20 healthy people and a treatment group with 40 TBI patients. The 40 patients were given 100% oxygen of HBO for 90 minutes. Changes in rSO2 were measured. The controls were also examined for rSO2 and PaO2, but received no treatment, rSO2 levels in the patients did not differ significantly after treatment, but levels before and after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group. PaO2 levels were significantly decreased after the 30-minute HBO treatment. Our findings suggest that there is a disorder of oxygen metabolism in patients with sub-acute TBI. HBO does not immediately affect cerebral oxygen metabolism, and the underlying mechanism still needs to be studied in depth.

Exploration and research progress on ion-adsorption type REE deposit in South China

Since 2011,certain advances have been made through the resource investigation,metallogenesis research,mining supervision and environmental protection of ion-adsorption type rare earth element (REE) deposit in South China.Firstly,some progress has been made in REE prospecting in Jiangxi,Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan.REE deposits are not only found within the weathering crusts of granites and felsic volcanic rocks,but also within the weathering crusts of epimetamorphic rocks and basic magmatic rocks.Secondly,the methods of exploration,delineating ore bodies and calculation of reserves have been improved,which intuitively reflect the thickness,REE composition and value of weathering crust.Thirdly,the relationship between REEs and weathering degree and the rule of distribution,migration and enrichment of REEs in the weathering profile was summarized through the analysis of big data,which can predict the metallogenetic horizon of REEs.Fourthly,a method for quick,accurate and dynamic investigation of the REE deposit has been established by using high resolution remote sensing technology.Finally,the relation between the production status of REE mines and water pollution has been revealed based on long-term hydrochemical monitoring data of rivers and wells in mines and surrounding areas.

Standard friction prediction model of long-distance hot oil pipelines

We developed a predictive model for the pipeline friction in the 520-730 m^3/h transmission range using the multi-layerperceptron-back-propagation(MLP-BP)method and analyzing the unit friction data after the pigging of a hot oil pipeline.In view of the shortcomings of the MLP-BP model,two optimization methods,the genetic algorithm(GA)and mind evolutionary algorithm(MEA),were used to optimize the MLP-BP model.The research results were applied to the standard friction prediction of three sections of a hot oil pipeline.After the GA and MEA optimizations,the average errors of the three sections were 0.0041 MPa for the GA and 0.0012 MPa for the MEA,and the mean-square errors were 0.083 and 0.067,respectively.The MEA-BP model prediction results were characterized by high precision and small dispersion.The MEABP prediction model was applied to the analysis of the wax formation 60 and 90 days after pigging.The analysis results showed that the model can effectively guide pipe pigging and optimization.There was little sample data for the individual transmission and oil temperature steps because the model was based on actual production data modeling and analysis,which may have affected the accuracy and adaptability of the model.

Effects of mild hypothermia on the ROS and expression of caspase-3 m RNA and LC3 of hippocampus nerve cells in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest(CA) is a common and serious event in emergency medicine. Despite recent improvements in resuscitation techniques, the survival rate of patients with CA is unchanged. The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of mild hypothermia(MH) on the reactive oxygen species(ROS) and the effect of neurological function and related mechanisms.METHODS: Sixty-five healthy male Sprague Dawley(SD) adult rats were randomly(random number) divided into 2 groups: blank control group(n=5) and CPR group(n=60). CA was induced by asphyxia. The surviving rats were randomly(random number) divided into two groups: normothermia CPR group(NT) and hypothermia CPR group(HT). Normothermia of 37 °C was maintained in the NT group after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), hypothermal intervention of 32 °C was carried out in the HT group for 4 hours immediately after ROSC. Both the NT and HT groups were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups 12 hours and 24 hours after ROSC(NT-12, NT-24, HT-12, HT-24 subgroups). During observation, the neurological defi cit scores(NDSs) was recorded, then the bilateral hippocampi were obtained from rats' head, and monoplast suspension of fresh hippocampus tissue was made immediately to determine the level of intracellular ROS by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultramicro changes of cellular nucleus and mitochondria. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of caspase-3 m RNA, and western-blotting(WB) was used to determine the level of LC3 in frozen hippocampus tissue. Measured data were analyzed with paired sample t test and One-Way ANOVA.RESULTS: Of 60 rats with CA, 44(73%) were successfully resuscitated and 33(55%) survived until the end of the experiment. The NDSs of rats in the NT and HT groups were more signifi cantly reduced than those in the BC group(F=8.107, P<0.05), whereas the NDSs of rats in the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups were significantly increased in comparison with those NDSs of rats in the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively(t=9.692, P<0.001; t=14.374, P<0.001). The ROS in hippocampus nerve cells in the NT and HT groups signifi cantly increased compared to the BC group(F=16.824, P<0.05), whereas the ROS in the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups significantly reduced compared with that ROS in the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively(t=9.836, P<0.001; t=7.499, P<0.001). The expression of caspase-3 m RNA in hippocampus nerve cells in the NT and HT groups were signifi cantly increased compared to the BC group(F=24.527, P<0.05), whereas the expression of caspase-3 m RNA in rats of the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups was signifi cantly reduced compared to the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively(t=6.935, P<0.001; t=4.317, P<0.001). The expression of LC3B-II/I in hippocampus nerve cells of rats in the NT and HT groups signifi cantlyincreased compared to the BC group(F=6.584, P<0.05), whereas the expression of LC3B-II/I in rats of the HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups significantly reduced compared to the NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups, respectively(t=10.836, P<0.001; t=2.653, P=0.02). Ultrastructure damage of nucleus and mitochondria in the NT group was more evident than in the BC group, and eumorphism of nucleus and mitochondria were maintained in rats of the HT group compared with the NT group.CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia lessened the injury of nerve cells and improved the neurological function of rats that survived from cardiac arrest by reducing the ROS production of nerve cells and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 m RNA and LC3, leading to cellular apoptosis and massive autophagy in rats that survived from cardiac arrest after CPR.

Research and exploration progress on lithium deposits in China

Since 2012,some advances have been made through the resource investigation,metallogenesis research,and comprehensive utilizing of lithium deposits in China.Firstly,the progress of lithium exploration has been made in Sichuan,Xinjiang,Qinghai and Jiangxi provinces(autonomous region).Li deposits are not only found within the pegmatite rocks but also within the granitic rocks and sedimentary rocks.Secondly,the methods of geological survey,geochemical and geophysical exploration,remote sensing technology and even drilling technology have been improved,which can be delineating orebodies quickly.Thirdly,the mechanisms of Li mineralization were summarized by analyzing the relationship between the Li contents and kinds of geological phenomena.Based on practice,a new understanding of"multi-cycle,deep circulation,integration of internal and external"metallogenic mechanism or"MDIE"metallogenic mechanism for short has been put forwarded further in this paper,and the"five levels+basement"exploration model has been successfully expanded to guide the prospecting work both in the Jiajika and Keeryin pegmatite ore fields in western Sichuan Province.Besides,new progress has been made in the aspect of amblygonite deposits of granite-type and hydrothermal type in the Mufushan-Jiuling ore district,which points out a new direction for prospecting new types of lithium deposits in China.

Tongmai Yangxin Pill combined with metoprolol or metoprolol alone for the treatment of symptomatic premature ventricular complex:a multicenter,randomized,parallel-controlled clinical study

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tongmai Yangxin Pill(TMYXP)combined with metoprolol tartrate or metoprolol alone for the treatment of premature ventricular complex(PVC)in patients with symptomatic frequent PVC.METHODS A total of 584 patients with symptomatic frequent PVC were randomly assigned(in a 1:1 ratio)into two groups:study group[n=292,TMYXP(40 pills twice/day,orally)combined with metoprolol tartrate(25 mg twice/day,orally)]and control group[n=292,metoprolol tartrate(25 mg twice/day,orally)plus placebo pill(40 pills twice/day,orally)].The total treatment period was eight weeks.RESULTS After eight weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of reduction of PVC in the study group and the control group were 76.4%and 51.4%,respectively(P<0.001).TMYXP combined with metoprolol tartrate demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of the frequency of PVCs compared with the metoprolol tartrate alone(−4537 times/24 h vs.−3013 times/24 h,P<0.001).The study group also showed a better result compared with the control group with respect to PVC related symptoms.In terms of New York Heart Association classification improvement,the total effective rates were 21.9%in the study group and 12.4%in the control group(P<0.05).Both the study group and the control group exhibited improvements in echocardiographic indexes.Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved in the study group compared with the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS Compared with metoprolol tartrate alone,TMYXP combined with metoprolol tartrate could more effectively reduce the frequency of PVC and alleviated PVC related symptoms,and improve cardiac function in patients with symptomatic PVC.

Optimal indicator for changing the filter during the continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury:A crossover randomized trial

BACKGROUND:The study aims to investigate an optimal indicator for changing the filter during the continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients with acute kidney injury(AKI).METHODS:Patients with AKI requiring CRRT in an ICU were randomly divided into two groups for crossover trial,i.e.,groups A and B.Patients in the group A were firstly treated with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CVVH),followed by continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration(CVVHDF).Patients in the group B were firstly treated with CVVHDF followed by CVVH.Delivered doses of solutes with different molecular weights at the indicated time points between groups were compared.A correlation analysis between the delivered dose and pre-filter pressure(P_(PRE))and transmembrane pressure(P_(TM))was performed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to evaluate the accuracy of P_(TM) as an indicator for filter replacement.RESULTS:A total of 50 cases were analyzed,27 in the group A and 23 in the group B.Delivered doses of different molecular-weight solutes significantly decreased before changing the filter in both modalities,compared with those at the initiation of treatment(all P<0.05).In the late stage of CRRT,the possible rebound of serum medium-molecular-weight solute concentration was observed.P_(TM) was negatively correlated with the delivered dose of medium-molecular-weight solute in both modalities.The threshold for predicting the rebound of serum concentration of medium-molecularweight solute by P_(TM) was 146.5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa).CONCLUSIONS:The filter can be used as long as possible within the manufacturer’s safe use time limits to remove small-molecular-weight solutes.P_(TM) of 146.5 mm Hg may be an optimal indicator for changing the filter in CRRT therapies to remove medium-molecular-weight solutes.

泊肃叶流中环形高分子的迁移行为及与线性高分子的差异

采用多粒子碰撞动力学与分子动力学相耦合的模拟方法,研究了圆管内环形链的迁移行为和构象性质,并与线形链的结果相比较.模拟结果表明环形链随着流场强度的增加向圆管中心迁移,该现象是流体力学相互作用导致,而非剪切梯度.剔除流体力学相互作用,发现环形链沿流场方向的拉伸程度比含流体力学相互作用时更大.给定流场强度,环形链链长越长,与管壁之间的流体力学相互作用越强,导致其在圆管中心附近出现的概率更高.通过比较相同平衡态尺寸和链长的环形链和线形链在圆管中的迁移行为和构象性质,发现线形链沿流场方向的拉伸比环形链更强,导致其更易向管壁方向发生迁移,因此线形链在圆管中心附近出现的概率低于环形链.

In vitro Degradation of Pure Mg for Esophageal Stent in Artificial Saliva

Magnesium and its alloys as biodegradable implant materials can be potentially used in cardiovascular and orthopedic devices. However, few studies have focused on its application in esophageal stents. In this paper, time-lapse degradation characteristics of pure Mg were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen evolution, pH and electrochemical measurements after immersion in artificial saliva for different times. Results revealed that a dense degradation product film formed on samples, which mainly consisted of two kinds of layers： one was calcium phosphate compounds with different structures; the other was thin magnesium hydrate layer close to the substrate. Less pH increase and low degradation rate were ob- served in the first 5 days of immersion, which can be ascribed to the formation of a thicker and denser layer on the sample surface with increasing immersion time. And then there was an increase in degradation rate and pH values; the deposition layer remained almost intact after immersion for 6 and 8 days. After 10 days of immersion, the degradation rate and pH value remained stable, and the calcium phosphate layer was delaminated and the inner magnesium hydrate layer was exposed. This study indicated that pure Mg exhibited desirable degradation resistance in artificial saliva, which provided magnesiumbased materials with the potential to be used as esophageal stents.

Unraveling the Acidithiobacillus caldus complete genome and its central metabolisms for carbon assimilation

Acidithiobacillus caldus is one of the dominant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in bioleaching reactors. It plays the essential role in maintaining the high acidity and oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds during bioleaching process. In this report, the complete genome sequence of A. caldus SM-1 is presented. The genome is composed of one chromosome （2,932,225 bp） and four plasmids （pLAtcl, pLAtc2, pLAtc3, pLAtcm） and it is rich in repetitive sequences （accounting for 11% of the total genome）, which are often associated with transposable genetic elements. In particular, twelve copies of ISAtfe and thirty-seven copies of ISAtcl have been identified, suggesting that they are active transposons in the genome. A. caldus SM-1 encodes all enzymes for the central metabolism and the assimilation of carbon compounds, among which 29 proteins/enzymes were identifiable with proteomic tools. The SM-1 fixes CO2 via the classical Calvin-Bassham--Benson （CBB） cycle, and can operate complete Embden-Meyerhof pathway （EMP）, pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）, and gluconeogenesis. It has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA）. Four putative transporters involved in carbohydrate uptake were identified. Taken together, the results suggested that SM-1 was able to assimilate carbohydrates and this was subsequently confirmed experimentally because addition of 1% glucose or sucrose in basic salt medium significantly increased the growth of SM-1. It was concluded that the complete genome of SM-1 provided fundamental data for further investigation of its physiology and genetics, in addition to the carbon metabolism revealed in this study.

Homocysteine and IgA nephropathy: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses

Background:High levels of plasma homocysteine occur almost uniformly in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD).IgA nephropathy(IgAN)is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and a common cause of ESRD in young adults.Here,we aimed to detect whether homocysteine was elevated and associated with clinical-pathologic manifestations of IgAN patients and tested its causal effects using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods:For observational analysis,108 IgAN patients,30 lupus nephritis(LN)patients,50 minimal change disease(MCD)patients,and 206 healthy controls were recruited from April 2014 to April 2015.Their plasma homocysteine was measured and clinical-pathologic manifestations were collected from medical records.For MR analysis,we further included 1686 IgAN patients.The missense variant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T(rs1801133)was selected as an instrument,which was genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assays.Results:Majority of IgAN patients(93.52%,101/108)showed elevated levels of plasma homocysteine(>10μmol/L).Plasma homocysteine in IgAN patients was significantly higher than that in MCD patients(median:18.32 vs.11.15μmol/L,Z=-5.29,P<0.01)and in healthy controls(median:18.32 vs.10.00μmol/L,Z=-8.76,P<0.01),but comparable with those in LN patients(median:18.32 L vs.14.50μmol/L,Z=-1.32,P=0.19).Significant differences were observed in sub-groups of IgAN patients according to quartiles of plasma homocysteine for male ratio(22.22%vs.51.85%vs.70.37%vs.70.37%,χ2=14.29,P<0.01),serum creatinine(median:77.00 vs.100.00 vs.129.00 vs.150.00μmol/L,χ2=34.06,P<0.01),estimated glomerular filtration rate(median:100.52 vs.74.23 vs.52.68 vs.42.67 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2,χ2=21.75,P<0.01),systolic blood pressure(median:120.00 vs.120.00 vs.125.00 vs.130.00 mmHg,χ2=2.97,P=0.05),diastolic blood pressure(median 80.00 vs.75.00 vs.80.00 vs.81.00 mmHg,χ2=11.47,P<0.01),and pathologic tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis(T)(T0/T1/T2:62.96%/33.33%/3.70%vs.29.63%/40.74%/29.63%vs.24.00%/48.00%/28.00%vs.14.81%/37.04%/48.15%,χ2=17.66,P<0.01).The coefficient of each rs1801133-T allele on homocysteine levels after controlling age and sex was 7.12(P<0.01).MR estimates showed causal positive effects of homocysteine on serum creatine(β=0.76,P=0.02),systolic blood pressure(β=0.26,P=0.02),diastolic blood pressure(β=0.20,P=0.01),and pathologic T lesion(β=0.01,P=0.01)in IgAN.Conclusions:By observational and MR analyses,consistent results were observed for associations of plasma homocysteine with serum creatinine,blood pressures,and pathologic T lesion in IgAN patients.

Performance of non-invasive prenatal screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies and parental decision-making

To the Editor:Sex chromosomal aneuploidies(SCAs)are common chromosomal aberrations that are normally diagnosed after birth.It results in abnormal physical development or infertility.The prenatal incidence is as high as 1/435 and is usually identified by karyotyping.SCAs are characterized by an abnormal number of sex chromosomes and include monosomy(45,X),trisomy(47,XXX,47,XXY,and 47,XYY),other aneuploidies and various forms of sex chromosome mosaicism.The phenotypes of SCA patients are diverse.The prenatal diagnosis of fetal SCAs affects the parents and there is a need for clinical counseling.What's more,early diagnosis is important as it provides opportunities for early treatment and future healthcare for children with SCAs.

Diversity of bacteria in different life stages and their impact on the development and reproduction of Zeugodacus tau(Diptera:Tephritidae)

Fruit flies usually harbor diverse communities of bacteria in their digestive systems,which are known to play a significant role in their fitness.However,little information is available on Zeugodacus tau,a polyphagous pest worldwide.This study reports the first extensive analysis of bacterial communities in different life stages and their effect on the development and reproduction of laboratory-reared Z tan.Cultured bacteria were identified using the conventional method and all bacteria were identified by highthroughput technologies(16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 region).A total of six bacterial phyla were identified in larvae,pupae,and male and female adult flies,which were distributed into 14 classes,32 orders,58 families and 96 genera.Proteobacteria was the most represented phylum in all the stages except larvae.Enterobacter,Klebsiella,Providencia,and Pseudomonas were identified by conventional and next-generation sequencing analysis in both male and female adult flies,and Enterobacter was found to be the main genus.After being fed with antibiotics from the first instar larvae,bacterial diversity changed markedly in the adult stage.Untreated flies laid eggs and needed 20 days before oviposition while the treated flies showed ovary development inhibited and were not able to lay eggs,probably due to the alteration of the microbiota.These findings provide the cornerstone for unexplored research on bacterial function in Z tau,which will help to develop an environmentally friendly management technique for this kind of harmful insect.

Corrosion Resistance of Silane-Modified Hydroxide Zinc Carbonate Film on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys can be improved using functional surface modification such as hydrophobic treatment.In this study,a hierarchical hydroxide zinc carbonate（HZC） film was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy via a simple chemical-bath deposition process using urea aqueous solution.The morphologies,compositions and corrosion resistance of the hydrophobic film were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and electrochemical measurements as well.The results revealed that the HZC film displayed flower-like protrusions and had a thickness of approximately 100 um.The fluoroalkylsilane（FAS）-modified HZC film exhibited a hydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 131.3°.The FAS/HZC film significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 alloy due to hierarchical structures and hydrophobic modification.

Microstructure and stress-rupture property of an experimental single crystal Ni-base superalloy with different heat treatments

The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and stress-rupture property at 1,100 °C/140 MPa was investigated in a 5.0 wt% Re containing experimental single crystal Ni-base superalloy. The results indicate that the γmorphology is nearly cuboidal in the dendrite core after conventional heat treatment. The lattice misfit of alloy becomes more negative after modified heat treatment and results in more cuboidal γ precipitates than that after conventional heat treatment. The increased stress-rupture life after modified heat treatment is attributed to higher γ volume fraction, more negative lattice misfit, well-rafted structure, and narrower c channel width.

Ionized cocatalyst to promote CO_(2) photoreduction activity over core-triple-shell ZnO hollow spheres

Solar-driven CO_(2) conversion into value-added chemicals is a sustainable solution to achieve carbon neutrality.Yu’s group have recently reported Mn,C-codoped ZnO coretriple-shell hollow spheres(CTSHSs)for efficient CO_(2) reduction.The Mn ions,with switchable valence states,functioned as"ionized cocatalyst"to promote the CO_(2) adsorption。

Influence of administrative intervention on the availability,utilization, and competency for the use of defibrillators in primary hospitals

To the Editor:Sudden cardiac death is a major public health issue across the world.[1] Timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation helps improve prognosis and avert the neurological sequelae of ventricular fibrillation.[2] However,there is low availability and utilization of defibrillators in China.[3] Hence,we investigated the availability and utilization of defibrillators during two consecutive years (before and after an administrative intervention) at all primary (public and private) hospitals in Suzhou city (Jiangsu province,China) to assess the effect of administrative intervention.

Blood compatibility of zinc-calcium phosphate conversion coating on Mg-1.33Li-O.6Ca alloy

Magnesium alloys as a new class of biomaterials possess biodegradability and biocompatibility in comparison with currently used metal implants. However, their rapid corrosion rates are necessary to be manipulated by appropriate coatings. In this paper, a new attempt was used to develop a zinc-calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-P） conversion coating on Mg-1.33Li-0.6Ca alloys to increase the biocompatibility and improve the corrosion resistance. In vitro blood biocompatibility of the alloy with and without the Zn-Ca-P coating was investigated to determine its suitability as a degradable medical biomaterial. Blood biocompatibility was assessed from the hemolysis test, the dynamic cruor time test, blood cell count and SEM observation of the platelet adhesion to membrane surface. The results showed that the Zn-Ca-P coating on Mg-1.33Li-0.6Ca alloys had good blood compatibility, which is in accordance with the requirements for medical biomaterials.