玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效

目的:探讨玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗联合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014-06/2016-06于我院眼科治疗的60例60眼DME患者,按照治疗方式不同分为两组,对照组患者采用激光治疗,观察组患者在此基础上联合玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗治疗。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗1wk,1、3、6mo后的最佳矫正视力;采用非接触式眼压计测量治疗前后眼压;采用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量治疗前后黄斑中心凹厚度(central macular thickness,CMT);记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗后视力均显著提高;组间比较:观察组治疗1、3mo后视力均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1wk,6mo后两组间视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后1wk眼压有升高现象,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前与治疗1、3、6mo后眼压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后CMT均显著降低;观察组治疗1、3mo后CMT显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前与治疗1wk,6mo后两组CMT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组6mo内复发5例5眼,复发率17%,对照组复发10例10眼,复发率33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后2d观察组2例2眼出现高眼压,对照组3例3眼出现高眼压,经卡替洛尔滴眼液治疗后恢复正常。结论:玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗联合激光治疗相较于单独使用激光治疗,短期内能减轻黄斑水肿,视力恢复更快,能够提高治疗的安全性。

Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulation of hydrogen diffusion in aluminum melt

The main impurities in aluminum melt are hydrogen and Al_2O_3,which can deteriorate melt quality and materials performance.However,the diffusion process of H atoms in aluminum melt and the interactions among Al atoms,Al_2O_3 and hydrogen have been studied rarely.Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations are employed to study the diffusion behaviors of different types of hydrogen,such as free H atoms,H atoms in H_2 and H^+ions in H_2O using COMPASS force field.Correspondingly,force field types h,h1h and h1o are used to describe different types of hydrogen which are labeled as H_h,H_(h1h) and H_(h1o).The results show that the adsorption areas are maximum for H_(h1o),followed by H_(h1h) and H_h.The diffusion ability of H_(h1o) is the strongest whereas H_h is hard to diffuse in aluminum melt because of the differences in radius and potential well depth of various types of hydrogen.Al_2O_3 cluster makes the Al atoms array disordered,creating the energy conditions for hydrogen diffusion in aluminum melt.Al_2O_3 improves the diffusion of H_h and H_(h1o),and constrains H_(h1h) which accumulates around it and forms gas porosities in aluminum.H_(h1o) is the most dispersive in aluminum melt,moreover,the distance of Al-H_(h1o) is shorter than that of Al-H_(h1h),both of which are detrimental to the removal of H_(h1o).The simulation results indicate that the gas porosities can be eliminated by the removal of Al_2O_3 inclusions,and the dispersive hydrogen can be removed by adsorption function of gas bubbles or molten fluxes.

Novel compact and lightweight coaxial C-band transit-time oscillator

Compactness and miniaturization have become increasingly important in the development of high-power microwave devices.Based on this rising demand,a novel C-band coaxial transit-time oscillator(TTO)with a low external guiding magnetic field is proposed and analyzed.The proposed device has the following advantages:simple structure,short axial length,high power conversion efficiency,and low external guiding magnetic field,which are of great significance for developing the compact and miniaturized high-power microwave devices.The application of a shorter axial length is made possible by the use of a transit radiation mechanism.Also,loading the opening foil symmetrically to both ends of the buncher helps reduce the external magnetic field of the proposed device.Unlike traditional foils,the proposed opening foil has a circular-hole;therefore,the electron beam will not bombard the conductive foil to generate plasma.This makes it possible to realize long pulse and high repetition rate operation of the device in future experiments.Through numerical calculation and PIC particle simulation,the stability of the intense relativistic electron beam(IREB)and the saturation time of the device are improved by using the conductive foil.The voltage and current of the diode are 548 kV and 11.4 kA,respectively.Under a 0.4-T external guiding magnetic field,a C-band output microwave with a frequency of 4.27 GHz and power of 1.88 GW can be generated.The power conversion efficiency of the proposed device is about 30%.

The different interactions of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with two strawberry varieties and the involvement of salicylic acid

The disease symptoms recognized as‘Anthracnose’are caused by Colletotrichum spp.and lead to large-scale strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne)losses worldwide in terms of both quality and production.Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the genetic variations in the strawberry–Colletotrichum spp.interaction.In this work,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(C.gloeosporioides)infection was characterized in two varieties exhibiting different susceptibilities,and the involvement of salicylic acid(SA)was examined.Light microscopic observation showed that C.gloeosporioides conidia germinated earlier and faster on the leaf surface of the susceptible cultivar compared with the less-susceptible cultivar.Several PR genes were differentially expressed,with higher-amplitude changes observed in the less-susceptible cultivar.The less-susceptible cultivar contained a higher level of basal SA,and the SA levels increased rapidly upon infection,followed by a sharp decrease before the necrotrophic phase.External SA pretreatment reduced susceptibility and elevated the internal SA levels in both varieties,which were sharply reduced in the susceptible cultivar upon inoculation.The less-susceptible cultivar also displayed a more sensitive and marked increase in the transcripts of NB-LRR genes to C.gloeosporioides,and SA pretreatment differentially induced transcript accumulation in the two varieties during infection.Furthermore,SA directly inhibited the germination of C.gloeosporioides conidia;NB-LRR transcript accumulation in response to SA pretreatment was both dose-and cultivar-dependent.The results demonstrate that the less-susceptible cultivar showed reduced conidia germination.The contribution of SA might involve microbial isolate-specific sensitivity to SA,cultivar/tissue-specific SA homeostasis and signaling,and the sensitivity of R genes and the related defense network to SA and pathogens.

Novel transit-time oscillator(TTO) combining advantages of radial-line and axial TTO

A novel transit-time oscillator(TTO)is proposed in this paper.An axial cathode which has been widely used in high power microwave(HPM)source and an extractor with radial feature are adopted.In this way,the inherent advantages of axial and radial TTO,both of which can be utilized as high-quality intense relativistic electron beam(IREB),can be generated and the power capacity is also increased.The working mode isπ/2 mode of TM01 based on small-signal theory,and under the same energy storage,the maximum electric field in extractor decreases 16.3%.Besides,by utilizing the natural bending of the solenoid,this TTO saves over 60%of the length required by the uniform magnetic field,and consequently reduces the energy consumed by solenoid.The PIC simulation shows that by using 1.0-T decreasing magnetic field generated by the shorter solenoid,3.37-GW microwave at 12.43 GHz is generated with 620-kV and 13.27-kA input,and the overall conversion efficiency is 41%.

Observations of carbon–carbon coupling of 4,4''-dibromo-p-terphenyl on Cu(110) surface at molecular level

The carbon–carbon couplings of 4,4＇＇-dibromo-p-terphenyl（DBTP） on Cu（110） surface have been investigated at a single molecular level by scanning tunneling microscopy. After annealing at 353 K, a mixture of parallel non-organometallic and organometallic intermediates of DBTP molecules along the[1–10] direction of the surface has been observed. Further annealing at 393 K causes one group of molecules to form oligomers with para-para and para-meta motifs via Ullmann reaction and the other group of molecules to synthesize oligomers with meta-meta motifs via direct carbon–carbon coupling reaction. Statistical results directly reveal that the occurrence of reaction type is strongly related to the initial binding configuration of DBTP molecules.

1-planar Graphs without 4-cycles or 5-cycles are 5-colorable

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on the Euclidean plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge.A proper vertex k-coloring of a graph G is defined as a vertex coloring from a set of k colors such that no two adjacent vertices have the same color.A graph that can be assigned a proper k-coloring is k-colorable.A cycle is a path of edges and vertices wherein a vertex is reachable from itself.A cycle contains k vertices and k edges is a k-cycle.In this paper,it is proved that 1-planar graphs without 4-cycles or 5-cycles are 5-colorable.

A quantitative method for storm surge vulnerability assessment – a case study of Weihai city

In traditional vulnerability assessments,a synthetic index method is usually used to select all types of social and economic indexes so that more aspects can be covered;however,the requisite social and economic data are not always available or are not highly relevant to the studied geographical space,which makes it difficult to conduct quantitative calculations.In this paper,a spatial value density assessment method was developed to improve the hazard of place model.First,a three-dimensional(3D)model of a coastal city was obtained using oblique airborne photogrammetry and image-based 3D reconstruction and then,architecture footprints were employed to extract the geometric information of each individual building.Additionally,a vulnerability assessment system was established to quantitatively account for the aggregate economic value of a selected set of urban surface features.Using geographic information system(GIS)techniques,the aggregate value of these urban features within each geographic unit can be accurately calculated to quantify the exposure and vulnerability of coastal cities to storm surge.A vulnerability assessment was conducted using Weihai city as an example.The study shows that vulnerability assessment accuracy was greatly improved by downscaling the assessment granularity from county-level administrative districts to a 1-km grid.