Advanced nanomedicines and immunotherapeutics to treat respiratory diseases especially COVID-19 induced thrombosis

Immunotherapy and associated immune regulation strategies gained huge attraction in order to be utilized for treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.Engineering specifically nanomedicines can be used to regulate host immunity in lungs in the case of respiratory diseases including coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection.COVID-19 causes pulmonary embolisms,thus new therapeutic options are required to target thrombosis,as conventional treatment options are either not effective due to the complexity of the immunethrombosis pathophysiology.In this review,we discuss regulation of immune response in respiratory diseases especially COVID-19.We further discuss thrombosis and provide an overview of some antithrombotic nanoparticles,which can be used to develop nanomedicine against thrombo-inflammation induced by COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.We also elaborate the importance of immunomodulatory nanomedicines that can block pro-inflammatory signalling pathways,and thus can be recommended to treat respiratory infectious diseases.

Brain protective effect of dexmedetomidine vs propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in non-brain injured patients

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation.It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.AIM To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.METHODS Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for>72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol.The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale(RASS)was used to evaluate sedation effects,with a target range of-3 to 0.The primary outcomes were serum levels of S100-βand neuron-specific enolase(NSE)every 24 h.The secondary outcomes were remifentanil dosage,the proportion of patients requiring rescue sedation,and the time and frequency of RASS scores within the target range.RESULTS A total of 52 and 63 patients were allocated to the dexmedetomidine group and propofol group,respectively.Baseline data were comparable between groups.No significant differences were identified between groups within the median duration of study drug infusion[52.0(IQR:36.0-73.5)h vs 53.0(IQR:37.0-72.0)h,P=0.958],the median dose of remifentanil[4.5(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h vs 4.6(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h,P=0.395],the median percentage of time in the target RASS range without rescue sedation[85.6%(IQR:65.8%-96.6%)vs 86.7%(IQR:72.3%-95.3),P=0.592],and the median frequency within the target RASS range without rescue sedation[72.2%(60.8%-91.7%)vs 73.3%(60.0%-100.0%),P=0.880].The proportion of patients in the dexmedetomidine group who required rescue sedation was higher than in the propofol group with statistical significance(69.2%vs 50.8%,P=0.045).Serum S100-βand NSE levels in the propofol group were higher than in the dexmedetomidine group with statistical significance during the first six and five days of mechanical ventilation,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine demonstrated stronger protective effects on the brain compared to propofol for long-term mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.

Association between 5-HTR1A gene C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a substantial global health concern,and its treatment is complicated by the variability in individual response to antide-pressants.AIM To consolidate research and clarify the impact of genetic variation on MDD treatment outcomes.METHODS Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a systematic search across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library was conducted without date restrictions,utilizing key terms related to MDD,serotonin 1A receptor polymorphism(5-HTR1A),C-1019G polymorphism,and antidepressant response.Studies meeting inclusion criteria were thoroughly screened,and quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Statistical analyses,includingχ2 and I²values,were used to evaluate heterogeneity and fixed-effect or random-effect models were applied accordingly.RESULTS The initial search yielded 1216 articles,with 11 studies meeting criteria for inclusion.Analysis of various genetic models showed no significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant efficacy.The heterogeneity was low to moderate,and no publication bias was detected through funnel plot symmetry and Egger's and Begg's tests.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis does not support a significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in MDD.The findings call for further research with larger cohorts to substantiate these results and enhance the understanding of antidepressant pharmacogenetics.

多界面耦合空心核壳MnCoSe_(x)/MnO@氮掺杂碳复合材料的制备及电化学性能

通过简单的溶剂热和硒化策略以及进一步的碳层包覆程序制备氮掺杂碳壳包裹的空心MnCoSe_(x)/MnO纳米球(MnCoSe_(x)/MnO@N-C)。得益于MnCoSe_(x)和MnO之间的多界面耦合以及独特的空心核壳结构,MnCoSe_(x)/MnO@N-C复合材料具有较高的比电容和优异的倍率性能,即使在5 A/g的高电流密度下,MnCoSe_(x)/MnO@N-C仍可以稳定运行20000次循环,并保持84.6%的初始比电容。由MnCoSe_(x)/MnO@N-C和活性炭组装的非对称超级电容器器件在功率密度为810 W/kg时表现出11.2 W·h/kg的高能量密度,并拥有超长的循环寿命,在20000次循环后仍可保留初始比电容的84.0%。

前交叉韧带前内入路解剖单束重建与过顶位单束重建的疗效比较

目的比较解剖位单束(ASB)重建与过顶位单束(OSB)重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月-2017年9月该院收治的44例ACL断裂的单膝ACL损伤患者的临床资料。采用ASB重建手术22例(ASB组),采用OSB重建手术22例(OSB组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分和Lysholm评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果两组患者均获得随访,时间为6~12个月,平均8.6个月,术后6个月随访时,在膝关节活动度方面,ASB组无屈曲、伸直受限;OSB组1例伸直受限5°,无屈曲受限;在Lachman试验方面,ASB组均为阴性,OSB组术后Ⅰ度3例,但止点硬。两组Lachman试验阴性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组轴移试验阴性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分术前术后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后6个月IKDC评分、Lysholm评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论关节镜下采用ASB重建ACL,在控制膝关节旋转稳定性方面优于传统OSB重建。

Value of circulating cell-free DNA in diagnosis of hepatocelluar carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the value of combined detection of circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA),a-fetal protein(AFP) and a L-fucosidase(AFU) for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Serum samples from 39 HCC patients and 45 normal controls were collected.Branched DNA(bDNA) was used to detect the level of cfDNA,and a receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio and Youden index,and to assess the diagnostic efficiency and their correlations with the clinicopathological features.AFP and AFU were detected by chemiluminescence and colorimetry,respectively.The significance of combined detection of the three biomarkers was discussed.RESULTS:cfDNA level was increased in 22 of the 39 HCC samples and in 2 of the 45 normal controls.cfDNA level in HCC samples was significantly higher than that in normal controls(P < 0.05).There were significant differences in sex and extra-and intrahepatic metastasis(P < 0.05).There was no significant correlation between cfDNA,AFP and AFU in the detection of HCC.The sensitivity of combined detection of cfDNA with one marker(AFP or AFU) and cfDNA with two markers(AFP and AFU) was 71.8%,87.2% and 89.7% vs 56.4%,53.8% and 66.7% for cfDNA,AFP and AFU used alone,respectively,the difference being statistically significant(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Quantitative analysis of cfDNA is sensitive and feasible,and the combined detection of cfDNA with AFP or AFU or both could improve the diagnostic sensitivity for HCC.

Risk factors for hepatic decompensation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

AIM:To examine the clinical features and analyze prognostic factors in a prospective study of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) patients.METHODS:From 1995 to 2010,PBC patients without hepatic decompensation seen at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled.Clinical signs and manifestations(pruritus,persistent fatigue,jaundice and pain in the right hypochondrium),laboratory parameters(auto-antibodies for autoimmune hepatic disease,biliary and hepatic enzymes,immunoglobulin,bilirubin,and albumin) and imaging findings were recorded at entry and at specific time points during follow-up.Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses,respectively,assessed the risk factors for hepatic decompensation and survival.RESULTS:Two hundred and sixty-two PBC patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 75.2 mo(range,21-201 mo).The 240 patients were aged 51.5 ± 10.2 years at diagnosis and 91.6% were female.Two hundred and forty-five(93.5%) were seropositive for anti-mitochondrial antibodies.At presentation,170 patients(64.9%) were symptomatic,while 96 patients(36.6%) had extra-hepatic autoimmune disease.During the follow-up period,62(23.7%) patients developed hepatic decompensation of whom four underwent liver transplantation and 17 died.The cumulative survival rate and median survival time were 83.9% and 181.7 mo,respectively.Cox regression analysis revealed that an incomplete ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) response or inconsistent treatment [P < 0.001;hazard risk(HR) 95%CI = 2.423-7.541],anti-centromere antibodies(ACA) positivity(P < 0.001;HR 95%CI = 2.516-7.137),alanine aminotransferase ratio(AAR) elevations(P < 0.001;HR 95%CI = 1.357-2.678),and histological advanced liver disease(P = 0.006;HR 95%CI = 1.481-10.847) were predictors of hepatic decompensation.The clinical features and survival of PBC in China are consistent with those described in Western countries.CONCLUSION:Incomplete UDCA response or inconsistent treatment,ACA positivity,AAR elevations,and advanced histological stage are predictors of decompensation.

Long-term outcomes after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients with overt bleeding

AIM: To investigate the difference in long-term outcomes between gastric cancer patients with and without a primary symptom of overt bleeding(OB).METHODS: Consecutive patients between January 1, 2007 and March 1, 2012 were identified retrospectively by reviewing a gastric cancer database at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. A follow-up examination was performed on patients who underwent a radical gastrectomy. OB due to gastric cancer included hematemesis, melena or hematochezia, and gastric cancer was confirmed as the source of bleeding by endoscopy. Patients without OB were defined as cases with occult bleeding and those with other initial presentations, including epigastric pain, weakness, weight loss and obstruction. The 3-year overall survival(OS) rate, age, gender, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, overall AJCC stage, tumor size, histological type, macroscopic(Borrmann) type, lymphovascular invasion and R status were compared between patients with and without OB. Moreover, we carried out a subgroup analysis based on tumor location(upper, middle and lower).RESULTS: We identified 939 patients. Of these, 695(74.0%) were hospitalized for potential radical gastrectomy and another 244 received palliative resection, rerouting of the gastrointestinal tract, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or no treatment due to the presence of unresectable tumors. Notably, there was no significant difference in the percentage of OB patients between resectable cases and unresectable cases(20.3 % vs 22.1 %, P = 0.541). Fo l l o w- u p examination was performed on 653 patients(94%) who underwent radical gastrectomy. We found no significant difference in 3-year OS rate(68.2% vs 61.2%, P = 0.143) or clinicopathological characteristics(P > 0.05) between these patients with and without OB. Subgroup analysis based on tumor location showed that the 3-year OS rate of upper gastric cancer was significantly higher in patients with OB(84.6%) than in those without OB(48.1%, P < 0.01) and that AJCC stagesⅠ-Ⅱ(56.4% vs 35.1%, P = 0.017) and T1-T2 category tumors(30.8% vs 13%, P = 0.010) were more frequent in patients with OB than in those without OB. There was no significant difference in 3-year OS rate or clinicopathological characteristics between patients with and without OB(P > 0.05) for middle or lower gastric cancer.CONCLUSION: Upper gastric cancer patients with OB exhibited tumors at less advanced pathological stages and had a better prognosis than upper gastric cancer patients without OB.

Successful rescue of acute liver failure and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following varicella infection: A case report and review of literature

Herein we report a case of acute liver failure(ALF) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH) induced by varicella infection, successfully rescued by a combination therapy of acyclovir, supportive care, and immunosuppression with dexamethasone and etoposide. A previously healthy 16-year-old boy presented with generalized rash, fever, severe abdominal pain, and abnormal liver function within 4 d. Chickenpox was suspected, and acyclovir and intravenous immunoglobulin were started on admission. However, the patient's condition deteriorated overnight with soaring transaminases, severe coagulopathy and encephalopathy. On the fourth day of admission, pancytopenia emerged, accompanied by hypofibrinogenemia and hyperferritinemia. The patient was diagnosed with ALF. He also met the diagnostic criteria of HLH according to the HLH-2004 guideline. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplifications of varicella-zoster virus(VZV) were positive, confirming that VZV was a causative trigger for ALF and HLH. In view of the devastating immune activation in HLH, immunosuppression therapy with dexamethasone and etoposide was administered, in addition to high dose acyclovir. The patient's symptoms improved dramatically and he finally made a full recovery. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of a successful rescue of ALF associated with HLH, without resorting to liver transplantation. The first case was reported in a neonate infected by herpes simplex virus-1. However, survival data in older children and adults are lacking, most of whom died or underwent liver transplantation. Our report emphasizes the clinical vigilance for the possible presence of HLH, and the necessity of extensive investigation for underlying etiologies in patients presenting with indeterminate ALF. Early initiation of specific therapy targeting the underlying etiology, and watchful immunosuppression such as dexamethasone and etoposide, together with supportive therapy, are of crucial importance in this life-threatening disorder.

SOLUTION PROPERTIES OF ANTITUMOR CARBOXYMETHYLATED DERIVATIVES OF α-(1→3)-D-GLUCAN FROM GANODERMA LUCIDUM

Fractions of a water insoluble α-(1→3)-D-glucan (GL) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were carboxy-methylated (CM) to obtain water-soluble carboxymethylated derivatives (CM-GL) having a degree of substitution (DS) of0.38～0.51. Weight-average molecular weight M_w and intrinsic viscosity [η] of the samples CM-GL were measured by gelpermeation chromatography combined with laser light scattering (GPC-LLS) and viscometry. The CM-GL exhibits a stifferchain in aqueous solution at 25℃ than the original glucan, The antitumor activities against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC,5×10~6) of the carboxymethylated derivatives from the α-glucan and curdlan, a β-glucan, are significantly higher than thoseof the original glucans. The effects of the relatively low molecular weight, expanded chains and better water-solubility of theCM-GL on the enhancement of antitumor activity could not be neglected. The chain stiffness decreased speedily withincrease of temperature from 40 to 60℃ or NaOH concentration from 0.1 to 0.4 in the solution, respectively, and the changeof the chain stiffness is reversible.

Effect of kaolin on tensile strength and humidity resistance of a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core

Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low humidity resistance. The purpose of this study is to prepare a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core with addition of kaolin by the hot-temping method. The effects of kaolin on tensile strength, humidity resistance, fracture mechanism, as well as the gas evolution and collapsibility of WSCs were investigated. Results show that both the crystal morphology and the fracture mechanism of the inorganic salt are changed under the participation of kaolin, contributing to the increase of the tensile strength and the humidity resistance of the core. With the addition of 3wt.% kaolin, the tensile strength could be increased by a factor of 2, reached 1.50 MPa and the hygroscopic rate could be decreased by 14%, achieved 0.559%(after stored for 8 h), respectively. As the addition amount of kaolin increases from 0wt.% to 3wt.%, the main fracture mechanism changes from a adhesive to a cohesive fracture mechanism. The water-soluble potassium carbonate core obtained has the low gas evolution and excellent collapsibility, which makes it suitable for casting low melting metal with complex cavities and crooked channels.

High-mobility group box1 as an amplifier of immune response and target for treatment in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis

AIM:To determine the roles of high-mobility group box1(HMGB1)in pro-inflammation,host immune response and its potential target for treatment in Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)keratitis.METHODS:Expression of HMGB1 was tested in C57 BL/6 normal and infected corneas.Dual immunostaining tested coexpression of HMGB1 with TLR4 or LOX-1.C57 BL/6 mice were pretreated with Box A or PBS and then infected.Clinical scores,polymerase chain reaction,ELISA,and MPO assay were used to assess the disease response.Flow cytometry were used to test the effect of Box A on reactive oxygen species(ROS)expression after A.fumigatus stimulation in polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes(PMN).C57 BL/6 peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with Box B before A.fumigatus stimulation,and MIP-2,IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1 and LOX-1 were measured.Macrophages were pretreated with Box B or Box B combined with Poly(I)(an inhibitor of LOX-1)before stimulating with A.fumigatus,and MIP-2,IL-1β,TNF-α,LOX-1,p38-MAPK,p-p38-MAPK were measured.RESULTS:HMGB1 levels were elevated in C57 BL/6 mice after infection.HMGB1 co-expressed with TLR4,and LOX-1 in infiltrated cells.Box A vs PBS treated C57 BL/6 mice had lower clinical scores and down-regulated corneal HMGB1,MIP-2,IL-1βexpression and neutrophil influx.Box B treatment amplified expression of MIP-2,IL-1β,TNF-α,HMGB1 and LOX-1 that induced by A.fumigatus in macrophage.Compared to the treatment of Box B only,the protein expression of IL-1β,TNF-αshowed inhibition of Box B combined with Poly(I),which also reduced the A.fumigatusevoked protein level of LOX-1 and phosphorylation level of p38-MAPK.The production of A.fumigatus-stimulated ROS was significantly declined after Box A pretreatment in PMN.CONCLUSION:Blocking HMGB1 reduces the disease response in C57 BL/6 mice.HMGB1 can amplify the host immune response through p38-MAPK,and is a target for treatment of A.fumigatus keratitis.

The effect of post-discharge telephone intervention on rehabilitation following total hip replacement surgery

Purpose:To determine the effect of post-discharge telephone intervention with both patients and family caregivers on patient compliance with doctors’advice and rehabilitation progress in total hip replacement patients.Methods:In total,249 participants were assigned to either the control or telephone intervention group according to the discharge date.The patients in the intervention group were contacted by phone three to seven days after discharge,at one month,and at three months post-discharge.Their family caregivers received were contacted by phone twice a month.Content of the telephone intervention included discussion of exercise,cautions in daily life,and regular examination.The patients in the control group received routine health education and follow-up.All participants were evaluated by the questionnaire of compliance with doctors’advice when they were discharged at one,three,and six months after discharge.The Harris Hip Score of patients was assessed on discharge day and six months after discharge.Results:There was no significant difference between the patients’compliance scores in the two groups on discharge day or one month after discharge.Three and six months after discharge,the scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group(p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the groups in the Harris Hip Score on discharge day.Six months after discharge,the Harris Hip Score in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Telephone intervention with patients and family caregivers improved patient compliance with doctors’advice and promoted functional hip joint rehabilitation.

High-dependency units play a key role in the treatment of a Chinese military patient who developed liver failure while abroad

High-dependency units(HDUs)provide high-level care to patients who suffer from single organ failure,with the exception of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation;HDUs serve as an intermediary between general wards and Intensive Care Units.Due to military and civilian needs,our hospital has established a unique HDU for patients with liver disease in China.A Chinese military officer in the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces in South Sudan was transferred to our HDU for liver failure treatment in 2018.The patient’s disease status,nutrition,sleep habits,and psychological behaviour were monitored on different scales.The patient was provided with vascular monitoring,telemetry,pulse oximetry,drug treatment,nutritional support,sleep intervention,psychological intervention,and humanistic care by a multidisciplinary treatment team.After treatment,the patient recovered and avoided liver transplantation.Based on the experience with this HDU,this new model may create an efficient treatment process for military and civilian patients with severe liver disease at home or abroad.

The inheritance path research of the processing of Chinese materia medica in Anguo herbs market

Anguo,known as Qizhou in ancient time,its herbs industry began in Song Dynasty,boomed in Ming,and flourished in Qing.During the development of Qizhou herbs industry,a number of special processing techniques of Chinese Materia Medicine were produced."Qizhou's Four Uniqueness",of which,the most representative medicine includes"Hundred pieces areca","Cicada feather of Qingxia","Yunpian deer antler"and"Pound Rhinoceros unicornis L".To investigate the present inheritance situation of the traditional processing technology of Chinese Materia Medicine in Anguo herbs market,we will consult literature including the ancient books and records,Anguo local chronicles and visit the inheritors of the traditional processing technology in Anguo,and research the processing technology historical origin.This study aims to create the Anguo herbs cultural card,and enrich the cultural heritage of Chinese medicine industry of Anguo country even Hebei province.

A review of the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis from liver and kidney

Ankylosing spondytitis is a kind of arthropathy of rheumatic immune disease. The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondytitis is not very ctear in current medicat research. Because of the recurrence of the disease and the prolongation of the disease, the quality of tife of the patients has been seriously affected. Traditional Chinese medicine has tong known its etiotogy and pathogenesis, and it is very effective in ctinicat treatment. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and modern physicians' understanding of its etiotogy and pathogenesis, and starting from the function and characteristics of tiver and kidney, this paper explores the basis of treating ankylosing spondytitis from tiver and kidney, with a view to providing new ideas for the ctinicat treatment of ankylosing spondytitis.

The effect of music therapy on rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the ctinicat efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of children with cerebrat patsy by systematic review and meta-anatysis. Methods: A comprehensive search of China Knowledge Network, Wan fang, VIP database and foreign databases PubMed and Cochrane Library was conducted from the setup of database to March 2019. After reading and screening them carefully, 14 qualified literates were got. Then extracted relevant data, and evaluated the quality and risk bias with Revman5.3.3 software. Results: There is no significant difference between music therapy in improving ctinostatism and the ability of rowing over (P > 0.05). However, music therapy has significant difference in improving sitting, running, and jumping movements, and it can atso relieve muscte spasm, improve muscte tension and stabilize children's emotions in the course of treatment and the P values of which were att tess than 0.05. Conclusion: The music therapy has a certain effect for the treatment of pediatric cerebrat patsy, especiatty in improving children's gross and fine motor abilities, which has a certain ctinicat guiding significance for rehabilitation of children with cerebrat patsy. Key words: Pediatric cerebrat patsy, Music therapy, Meta-anatysisy Ctinicat efficacyObjective: To evaluate the ctinicat efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of children with cerebrat patsy by systematic review and meta-anatysis. Methods: A comprehensive search of China Knowledge Network, Wan fang, VIP database and foreign databases PubMed and Cochrane Library was conducted from the setup of database to March 2019. After reading and screening them carefuLy, 14 qualified [iterates were got. Then extracted relevant data, and evaluated the quality and risk bias with Revman5.3.3 software. Results: There is no significant difference between music therapy in improving ctinostatism and the ability of rowing over (P > 0.05). However, music therapy has significant difference in improving sitting, running, and jumping movements, and it can atso relieve muscte spasm, improve muscte tension and stabilize children's emotions in the course of treatment and the P values of which were att tess than 0.05. Conclusion: The music therapy has a certain effect for the treatment of pediatric cerebrat patsy, especiatty in improving children's gross and fine motor abilities, which has a certain ctinicat guiding significance for rehabilitation of children with cerebrat patsy.

Genome-wide association studies of hypertension:Achievements,difficulties and strategies

Estimated from family studies,the heritability of hypertension ranges from 31%to 68%.Linkage studies and candidate gene association studies were once widely used to investigate the genetic mechanisms of hypertension.However,results from these studies could only explain 1%-2%heritability.With the technological advances and subsequently the accomplishment of the Human Genome Project,genome-wide association studies(GWA studies)have been applied to find genome-wide significant signals for many common diseases.Current GWA studies of hypertension have identified dozens of hypertension or blood pressure associated variants.However,different GWA study identified different variants and the results could hardly be replicated in other studies.Therefore,a debate took place on whether GWA studies will unlock the genetic basis of hypertension and whether we shall continue throwing millions of dollars on GWA studies.This review gives a short introduction to the history of genetic study on hypertension and summarizes the current findings for GWA studies of hypertension or blood pressure.Finally,we will discuss that debate and try to find alternative strategies and technologies that may hold a greater chance to make progress in understanding the genetic risk factors of hypertension and blood pressure regulation.

CHARACTERIZATION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE MEMBRANES HYDROLYZED FROM CELLULOSE ACETATE

A series of cellulose acetate membranes were prepared by using formamide as additive, and then were hydrolyzed in 4 wt% aqueous NaOH solution for 8 h to obtain regenerated cellulose membranes. The dependence of degree of substitution, structure, porous properties, solubility and thermal stability on hydrolysis time was studied by chemical titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results indicated that the pore size of the regenerated cellulose membranes was slightly smaller than that of cellulose acetate membrane, while solvent-resistance, crystallinity and thermostability were significantly improved. This work provides a simple way to prepare the porous cellulose membranes, which not only kept the good pore characteristics of cellulose acetate membranes, but also possessed solvent-resistance, high crystallinity and thermostability. Therefore, the application range of cellulose acetate membranes can be expanded.

SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN PACKED WITH REGENERATED CELLULOSE GELS

Microporous regenerated cellulose gel particles were prepared by mixing cellulose cuoxam with silk fibroin as pore former, and the mean pore size and pore volume of the particles were 525 nm and 7.27 mt g(-1), respectively. A preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column (550 mm x 20 mm) packed with the cellulose gel particles was used for the fractionation of two polysaccharides Dextran 07 (M-W = 7.14 x 10(4), d = 1.7) and Dextran 50 (M-W = 50.5 x 10(4), d = 3.8) in water phase. The fractionation range of the stationary phase covered M, from 3 x 10(3) to 1.1 x 10(6). The daily throughput was 2.9 g for Dextran 07 (D07) and 4.3 g for Dextran 50 (D50) with a flow-rate of 1.5 mt min(-1). The fractions obtained by using the SEC were analyzed by an analytical SEC combined with laser light scattering (LLS), and the polydispersity indices of fractions for Dextran 07 and Dextran 50 were determined to be 1.34-1.57 and 1.53-3.36, respectively. The preparative SEC is a simple, rapid, and suitable means not only for the fractionation of polysaccharides in water but also for other polymers in organic solvents.