Manganese nanodepot augments host immune response against coronavirus

Interferon(IFN)responses are central to host defense against coronavirus and other virus infections.Manganese(Mn)is capable of inducing IFN production,but its applications are limited by nonspecific distributions and neurotoxicity.Here,we exploit chemical engineering strategy to fabricate a nanodepot of manganese(nanoMn)based on Mn2+.Compared with free Mn2+,nanoMn enhances cellular uptake and persistent release of Mn2+in a pH-sensitive manner,thus strengthening IFN response and eliciting broad-spectrum antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo.Preferentially phagocytosed by macrophages,nanoMn promotes M1 macrophage polarization and recruits monocytes into inflammatory foci,eventually augmenting antiviral immunity and ameliorating coronavirus-induced tissue damage.Besides,nanoMn can also potentiate the development of virus-specific memory T cells and host adaptive immunity through facilitating antigen presentation,suggesting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluations uncover that nanoMn treatment hardly induces neuroinflammation through limiting neuronal accumulation of manganese.Therefore,nanoMn offers a simple,safe,and robust nanoparticle-based strategy against coronavirus.

Endogenous nucleotide as drug carrier:base-paired guanosine-5’-monophosphate:pemetrexed vesicles with enhanced anticancer capability

Endogenous substance such as nucleotide as a drug carrier has been proposed as a novel drug delivery system.The nucleotide guanosine-5’-monophosphate(GMP) is used to transport an anticancer drug pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate(PMX) via specific base pairing.The endogenous nature of GMP helps to avoid biocompatibility issues that are generally accompanied with nanocarriers including cytotoxicity,immunogenicity and blood compatibility.Furthermore,the low-molecular weight of the GMP nucleotide carrier significantly boosts the drug loading capacity compared to traditional liposomes and high-molecular weight carriers.Hydrogen-bonding interaction between the carrier and drug realizes the controlled release of loaded drug,and also facilitates large scale manufacture since no additional chemical synthesis is required.More importantly,in vivo experiments reveal that the base-paired GMP:PMX nanovesicles improve the target specificity and pharmacokinetic properties of PMX,and exhibit remarkably enhanced anticancer abilities compared to standalone PMX without any carriers.We envision that this strategy could be extended to other endogenous substances and drugs bearing functional groups capable of specific interaction,and promote the construction of drug delivery systems with inherent biocompatibility,enhanced drug delivery efficacy,and a simplified preparation method.

Theoretical study on the hydration of hydrogen peroxide in terms of ab initio method and atom-bond electronegativity equalization method fused into molecular mechanics

In this paper,the interaction between hydrogen peroxide(HP)and water were systemically studied by atom-bond electronegativity equalization method fused into molecular mechanics(ABEEM/MM)and ab initio method.The results show that the optimized geometries,interaction energies and dipole moments of hydrated HP clusters HP(H_(2)O)_(n)(n=1–6)calculated by ABEEM/MM model are fairly consistent with the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ results.The ABEEM/MM results indicate that n=4 is the transition state structure from 2D planar structure to 3D network structure.The variations of the average hydrogen bond length with the increasing number of water molecules given by ABEEM/MM model agree well with those of ab initio studies.Moreover,the radial distribution functions(RDFs)of water molecule around HP in HP aqueous solution have been analyzed in detail.It can be confirmed that HP is a good proton donor and poor proton acceptor in aqueous solution by analysis of the RDFs.

Switchable optical nonlinear properties of W_(18)O_(49) nanowires by Ag nanoparticles supported

During the past decades,nonlinear optical（NLO）materials have attracted special interest because of their potential applications in photonic devices,such as optical switching,frequency conversion and electro-optic modulators.Among the finding ways to obtain excellent NLO materials with both large NLO response and short response time,