Ferroptosis mechanism and Alzheimer's disease

Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms.This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evolutionarily conserved across a diverse range of living organisms.Ferroptosis is a classic regulatory mode of cell death.Extensive studies of regulatory cell death in Alzheimer’s disease have yielded increasing evidence that fe rroptosis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and recent research advances in the role of ferro ptosis in Alzheimer’s disease.Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.

新农科背景下无机化学课程教学改革探索与实践

新农科建设背景下,将公共基础课与农业元素交融创新,优化教学方法,是推进农科特色基础课程改革的重要途径。课程组在融合农业特色教学内容,融入“农味”思政元素,构建“以学为中心”的自主、合作、探究型教学模式等方面进行了探索和实践。通过教学改革与实践,实现了化学知识与农科专业知识的有机融合,有利于提高学生解决农业领域问题的能力,为新时代农林卓越人才培养提供支撑。

The wheat sucrose synthase gene TaSus1 is a determinant of grain number per spike

Some haplotypes of the sucrose synthase gene TaSus1 are associated with thousand-grain weight(TGW)in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,no mutations have been identified within the gene to test this association.The effects of TaSus1 on grain number per spike(GNS)also are largely unknown.Our previous genome-wide association study identified TaSus-A1 as a candidate gene controlling fertile spikelet number per spike(FSN).In the present study,we generated two independent mutants for the three TaSus1 homoeologs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing.The triple mutants displayed lower FSN,GNS,grain number per spikelet(GNST),and TGW than wild-type plants.In 306 hexaploid wheat accessions,two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TaSus-A1 contributed differently to GNS.Introgression of the two alleles into a wheat genetic background confirmed their effects.The alleles differed in geographical distribution among the accessions.

Structure transformation induced bi-component Co–Mo/A-Co(OH)_(2)as highly efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst in alkaline media

Elucidating the inherent origins of the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)kinetics in alkaline media and developing high-performance electrocatalysts are fundamental for the advances of conventional alkaline water electrolyzers and emerging anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers.Here we present a facile electrochemical modification strategy for the synthesis of bi-component Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)catalyst toward efficient HER catalysis in alkaline media.Porous Co–Mo alloys with adjustable Mo/Co atomic ratio are first prepared by H2-assisted cathodic electrodeposition.By virtue of the appropriate electronic structure and hydrogen binding energy,Co–Mo_((18%))is the most HER active among the alloys and is further activated by a constant-current electrochemical modification process.Physical characterizations reveal the formation of amorphous Co(OH)_(2)nanoparticles on the surface.Electrokinetic analysis combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the in-situ formed Co(OH)_(2)can efficiently promote the water dissociation,resulting in accelerated Volmer-step kinetics.As a result,the Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)simultaneously achieves the optimization of the two factors dominating alkaline HER activity,i.e.,water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption/desorption via the bifunctional synergy of the bi-components.The high HER activity(η10 of 47 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))of Co–Mo_((18%))/A-Co(OH)_(2)is close to benchmark Pt/C catalyst and comparable or superior to the most active non-noble metal catalysts.

Pressure-Induced Distinct Self-Trapped Exciton Emission in Sb^(3+)-Doped Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)Double Perovskite

The Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) double perovskite is one of the most promising lead-free perovskites due to its exceptional stability and straightforward synthesis.However,it faces challenges related to inefficient photoluminescence.Doping and high pressure are employed to tailor the optical properties of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Herein,Sb^(3+)doped Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)(Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)) was synthesized and it exhibits blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 37.3%.Further,by employing pressure tuning,a blue stable emission under a very wide range from 2.7 GPa to 9.8 GPa is realized in Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Subsequently,the emission intensity of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) experiences a significant increase(3.3 times)at 19.0 GPa.It is revealed that the pressure-induced distinct emissions can be attributed to the carrier self-trapping and detrapping between Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) and Sb^(3+).Notably,the lattice compression in the cubic phase inevitably modifies the band gap of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Our findings provide valuable insights into effects of the high pressure in further boosting unique emission characteristics but also offer promising opportunities for development of doped double perovskites with enhanced optical functionalities.

The Relationship between Psychological Vulnerability,Aging Attitudes and Life Meaning in Elderly Patients with Comorbidities

Background:With the rapid aging of China’s population and the increasing prevalence of comorbidities in the elderly,psychological crises have become more common.This study aims to investigate the present status of psychological vulnerability,aging attitudes,and life meaning in elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods:A total of 685 elderly inpatients and outpatients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between July and December 2022 were selected using the simple random sampling method.Social demographic data were collected,and the Attitudes to aging Questionnaire(AAQ),the Chinese Life Meaning Questionnaire(C-MLQ),and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale(C-PVS)were used for the analysis.A total of 685 questionnaires were received,and 602 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 87.88%.Data analysis was performed using SPSS V25.0 and AMOS V24.0.Results:The total scores of psychological vulnerability,aging attitudes,and life meaning were 69.4±12.8,80.2±13.5 and 39.2±8.3,respectively.The psychological vulnerability was significantly negatively correlated with life meaning and aging attitudes(r=-0.351,-0.264;p<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between aging attitudes and life meaning(r=0.515;p<0.01).Life meaning played a partial mediating role between psychological vulnerability and aging attitudes(β=3.070,p<0.05).Conclusion:This study found that the psychological vulnerability in elderly patients with comorbidities was at the lower level,which was related to the elderly patients’aging attitudes and their current status of life meaning.The level of psychological vulnerability in elderly patients with senile-related comorbidities needs to be further improved.Medical workers should pay attention to the psychological vulnerability of elderly patients and improve the identification of psychological crises of such patients.

“化学在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中扮演的重要角色”专题教学

结合当前新冠病毒肺炎疫情防控工作,挖掘并凝练化学消毒剂、临床治疗或试验的典型药物、医用防护用品的加工材料等教学素材,开展了"化学在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中扮演的重要角色"专题教学,实现了专题教学与思政教育有机融合。通过专题教学,使学生深刻领略到化学学科的魅力,激发学生学习化学的兴趣,充分调动学生的学习积极性和主动性,增强学生战胜困难的信心和勇气,培养学生的学科素养、职业素养和科学素养,激发学生热爱祖国、热爱人民、热爱中国共产党的思想情感。

Controllable synthesis of CdS nanospheres photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

CdS nanospheres were grown on indium tin oxide(ITO)substrate using a hydrothermal method.The crystal structure,morphology and electronic structure of the samples synthesized were characterized in detail.The results confirm that the crystallinity,size,crystal defects of the CdS nanospheres and the film thickness of CdS photoelectrodes can be tuned by varying the precursor Cd2+concentration.Combined with charge transfer dynamics analysis,it can be found that proper particle size and film thickness,as well as fewer defects,will result in better charge separation efficiency of the prepared CdS/ITO photoelectrodes,thereby exhibiting better photoelectrochemical performance for water splitting.The optimized CdS/ITO photoelectrode synthesized with a Cd2+concentration of 0.14 mol⋅L1 gave a photocurrent density of 5.10 mA⋅cm^(-2)at potential of 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),under a simulated solar illumination of 100 mW⋅cm^(-2).

Home-Nebulized Inhaled Glucocorticoid Therapy in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of home-nebulized inhaled glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric respiratory diseases.Methods:60 cases of children with respiratory diseases admitted between October 2022 and October 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,30 cases each.The control group was provided with conventional treatment only,while the observation group was provided with home-nebulized inhalation glucocorticosteroid treatment,and the treatment effects,clinical symptom relief time,disease recurrence rate,and treatment satisfaction of the children’s families were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:A comparison of the two groups in terms of gender and age showed that the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).In terms of clinical efficacy,the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 66.67%(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the disappearance time of the clinical symptoms of the observed group was significantly shortened(P<0.05).In addition,the satisfaction scores of the families of the children in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Home-nebulized inhalation glucocorticoid therapy shows significant clinical efficacy in pediatric respiratory diseases,significantly reduces the time of disappearance of clinical symptoms,and improves the satisfaction of patients’families,which provides an effective treatment option for children.

Recent Advances of Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Rapid Detection of Phthalate Acid Esters

As a kind of plasticizer,phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are often added to plastics to enhance elasticity,transparency,durability and prolong service life.However,it does not chemically bind to plastics and is easy to migrate to the environment.It is difficult to degrade in the environment,and it is also enriched in the human body through the food chain and respiration,which will lead to obvious adverse reactions such as decreased learning and memory function and neurobehavioral disorders.Due to the toxicity,universality and low concentration limitations of PAEs in the environment and food,it is essential to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of PAEs in soil,atmosphere,water and food.Electrochemical(EC)sensors have the advantages of simplicity,fast,low cost,portability,easy operation,high specificity and high sensitivity,so they are applied for the detection of PAEs.Although there are a large number of studies on the detection of PAEs by EC sensors,there is no review on this aspect.In this review,we introduce the detection of PAEs from classical EC sensors,electrochemiluminescence(ECL)sensors and photo-electrochemical(PEC)sensors in the past five years.This review is beneficial to understanding the construction of EC sensors and the detection mechanism of PAEs.We also propose that the development of rapid,accurate and real-time detection methods of PAEs is key to assessing risk and preventing related diseases.

信息化背景下农科基础化学实验课程改革与实践

以山东农业大学基础化学实验国家一流课程为例,介绍农科化学实验课程体系优化情况,总结借助信息技术在课程资源、教学模式、考评机制等方面进行的改革,实现信息技术与实验教学深度融合,为新农科人才培养奠定坚实基础。

解“毒”呕吐毒素

呕吐毒素是镰刀菌群侵染谷物后产生的一种天然毒素,严重威胁粮食安全、食品安全和人类健康。本文借用拟人的手法,介绍了呕吐毒素的发现研究史、家族(单端孢霉烯族化合物)及典型成员、生物脱毒前沿研究,让读者以生动活泼的方式了解这种危险的毒素,尤其是对高等农业和医学类院校的师生有很好的参考价值。

慢性伤口综合护理模式应用于改善伤口相关性疼痛的临床研究

目的:评价慢性伤口综合护理模式的减痛促愈效果。方法:对伤口护理中心就诊的200例下肢静脉溃疡患者进行观察分析。2014年2月至2014年8月共100例为观察组,采用本研究制定的慢性伤口综合护理模式进行干预;2013年5月至2013年12月共100例为对照组,按照伤口护理常规实施护理。分别于就诊第0、4、6周观察两组患者疼痛评分及伤口愈合率。结果:两组患者疼痛评分及伤口愈合率差异有统计学意义。结论:慢性伤口综合护理模式的应用可有效改善下肢静脉溃疡患者疼痛,促进伤口愈合,以期能为临床相关医护人员的实践提供指导与借鉴。

蛋白质组学研究方法在蚕丝学中的应用

家蚕既是具有重要经济价值的绢丝昆虫,又是现代生命科学研究的模式生物。近年来,随着蛋白质组学研究技术的飞速发展,有关家蚕性腺、丝腺、血液、中肠、触角等重要组织器官蛋白质组学的研究取得了很大进展,为揭示家蚕重要性状的形成机制、生殖发育调控、组织器官功能、天然免疫等方面提供了丰富的信息。文章对此作了简要的综述,并结合基因组学、生物信息学的研究技术,讨论了家蚕蛋白质组学今后的发展趋势及其应用前景。

“新农科”建设背景下分析化学创新教学模式的改革与实践

“新农科”建设背景下,探索与构建农林类分析化学教学新模式——“三融入三结合”课程体系。通过新模式教学,助力学生领略分析化学在农林学科中发展与应用的魅力,激发学生学习的兴趣,打牢扎实的理论基础,培养学生创新思维与能力,涵养学生的“三农”和家国情怀,打通分析化学与农科专业一体化育人的渠道。

Brugada综合征心脏骤停抢救成功1例

本文报道1例Brugada综合征患者心脏骤停抢救成功病例,结合文献及近几年相关指南共识,谈谈个人体会。

Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of intra-uterine growth retarded weanling piglets

Background: The focus of recent research has been directed toward the probiotic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA) on the gut health of animals. However, little is known about BA's effects on piglets with intra-uterine growth retardation(IUGR). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of BA supplementation on the growth performance,intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of IUGR piglets.Methods: Eighteen litters of newborn piglets were selected at birth, with one normal birth weight(NBW) and two IUGR piglets in each litter(i.e., 18 NBW and 36 IUGR piglets in total). At weaning, the NBW piglet and one of the IUGR piglets were assigned to groups fed a control diet(i.e., the NBW-CON and IUGR-CON groups). The other IUGR piglet was assigned to a group fed the control diet supplemented with 2.0 g BA per kg of diet(i.e., IUGR-BA group). The piglets were thus distributed across three groups for a four-week period.Results: IUGR reduced the growth performance of the IUGR-CON piglets compared with the NBW-CON piglets. It was also associated with decreased vil us sizes, increased apoptosis rates, reduced goblet cel numbers, and an imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the smal intestine. Supplementation with BA improved the average daily weight gain and the feed efficiency of the IUGR-BA group compared with the IUGR-CON group(P < 0.05). The IUGR-BA group exhibited increases in the ratio of jejunal vil us height to crypt depth, in ileal vil us height, and in ileal goblet cel density. They also exhibited decreases in the numbers of jejunal and ileal apoptotic cel s and ileal proliferative cel s(P < 0.05). Supplementation with BA increased interleukin 10 content, but it decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha level in the smal intestines of the IUGR-BA piglets(P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the IUGR-CON piglets, the IUGR-BA piglets had less Escherichia coli in their jejunal digesta, but more Lactobacil us and Bifidobacterium in their ileal digesta(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with BA improves morphology, decreases inflammatory response, and regulates microbiota in the smal intestines of IUGR piglets, which may contribute to improved growth performance during early life.

一种基于电阻应变片式传感器的简易电子秤设计

电子秤具有称重精确度高,简单实用,携带方便,测量准确,价格低等特点。本文所设计的是由电阻应变片式传感器测量电路,仪表放大器,按键电路和显示电路等组成的简易电子秤。最初由托盘中模拟待测物的砝码因重力使横臂发生形变,同时,应变片传感器随之发生形变产生电压信号,仪表放大器对传感器输出的微弱的电压模拟信号进行一定倍数的放大,以满足单片机对输入信号电平的要求,再经过单片机控制译码显示器从而显示出被测物体的重量,接着,通过按键电路可调节单价实现金额的计算、累加以及去皮等功能,最终由LCD显示屏对单片机输出的数字信号进行显示。

Light-induced ZnO/Ag/rGO bactericidal photocatalyst with synergistic effect of sustained release of silver ions and enhanced reactive oxygen species

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can effectively address the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections to reduce the potential toxicity of Ag NPs. Although challenging, it is, therefore, necessary to achieve the sustainable release of Ag+ ions from a finite amount of Ag NPs. This study aims at designing an efficient and benign antimicrobial silver-based ternary composite composed of photocatalysis zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a carrier, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROS) excited from ZnO and Ag+ ions released from the Ag NPs cooperate to realize an effective antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The constant effective bacterial performance of the ternary photocatalyst with minimum Ag content can be attributed to the increase in the available quantity of ROS, which results from the enhanced separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. The proposed system notably realized the long-term sustainable release of Ag+ ions with low concentration for 30 days when compared with an equivalent amount of silver nitrate. Moreover, the use of the composite prevents biotoxicity and silver wastage, and imparts enhanced stability to the long-lasting antibacterial efficacy.

Supplemental Clostridium butyricum modulates lipid metabolism by reshaping the gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile in IUGR suckling piglets

Background Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)can cause lipid disorders in infants and have long-term adverse effects on their growth and development.Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum),a kind of emerging probiotics,has been reported to effectively attenuate lipid metabolism dysfunctions.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of C.butyricum supplementation on hepatic lipid disorders in IUGR suckling piglets.Methods Sixteen IUGR and eight normal birth weight(NBW)neonatal male piglets were used in this study.From d 3to d 24,in addition to drinking milk,the eight NBW piglets(NBW-CON group,n=8)and eight IUGR piglets(IUGR-CON group,n=8)were given 10 mL sterile saline once a day,while the remaining IUGR piglets(IUGR-CB group,n=8)were orally administered C.butyricum at a dose of 2×108colony-forming units(CFU)/kg body weight(suspended in 10 mL sterile saline)at the same frequency.Results The IUGR-CON piglets exhibited restricted growth,impaired hepatic morphology,disordered lipid metabolism,increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and altered ileum and liver bile acid(BA)profiles.However,C.butyricum supplementation reshaped the gut microbiota of the IUGR-CB piglets,characterized by a decreased abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the ileum,including Streptococcus and Enterococcus.The decrease in these bile salt hydrolase(BSH)-producing microbes increased the content of conjugated BAs,which could be transported to the liver and function as signaling molecules to activate liver X receptorα(LXRα)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR).This activation effectively accelerated the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids and down-regulated the total cholesterol level by decreasing the synthesis and promoting the efflux of cholesterol.As a result,the growth performance and morphological structure of the liver improved in the IUGR piglets.Conclusion These results indicate that C.butyricum supplementation in IUGR suckling piglets could decrease the abundance of BSH-producing microbes(Streptococcus and Enterococcus).This decrease altered the ileum and liver BA profiles and consequently activated the expression of hepatic LXRαand FXR.The activation of these two signaling molecules could effectively normalize the lipid metabolism and improve the growth performance of IUGR suckling piglets.