Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Cynoglossidae(Teleost:Pleuronectiformes)and phylogenetic implications

Generally,a teleostean group(e.g.,family or genus)owns one type or a set of similar mitochondrial gene arrangement.It is interesting,however,that four different types of gene arrangement have been found in the mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of Cynoglossidae species.So far,the possible mechanisms of mitogenomic gene rearrangement and its potential implications have aroused widespread attention and caused lots of controversy.Here,a total of 21 Cynoglossidae mitogenomes and a newly sequenced mitogenome of Cynoglossus puncticpes(Pleuronectiformes:Cynoglossidae)were compared.The length ranges from 16417 bp to 18369 bp,which is mainly caused by the length heteroplasmy of control region(CR).Further analysis reveals that the difference of tandem repeats acts as a determining factor resulting in the length heterogeneity.Like most gene rearrangements of Cynoglossinae mitogenomes,tRNA-Gln gene encoded by the L-strand has translocated to the H-strand(Q inversion),accompanied by the translocation of CR in C.puncticpes mitogenome.The typical IQM order(tRNA-Ile-Gln-Met)changed to QIM order.Tandem duplication/random loss and mitochondrial recombination were accepted as the most possible models to account for the rearrangements in C.puncticpes mitogenome.Phylogenetic trees showed a strong correlation between the gap spacer in the rearranged QIM area and phylogeny,which provides a fresh idea for phylogenetic studies in future.

Two complete mitogenomes of Ocypodoidea(Decapoda: Brachyura), Cleistostoma dilatatum(Camptandriidae) and Euplax sp.(Macrophthalmidae) and its phylogenetic implications

Complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) can provide useful information for phylogenetic relationships,gene rearrangement, and molecular evolution. In the present study, two newly sequenced mitogenomes of Ocypodoidea(Cleistostoma dilatatum and Euplax sp.) were reported for the first time, which are 15 444 bp and16 129 bp in length, respectively. Cleistostoma dilatatum is the first species in the family Camptandriidae whose complete mitogenome was sequenced. Each mitogenome contains an entire set of 37 genes and a putative control region, but their gene arrangements are largely different. Tandem duplication and random loss model is proposed to account for their gene arrangements. Comparative genomic analyses of 19 mitogenomes clustering in one branch reveal that 18 of them shared the same gene rearrangement, while that of C. dilatatum mitogenome was consistent with the ancestral gene arrangement of Brachyura. The dN/dS ratio analysis shows that all PCGs are evolving under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses show that all Macrophalmidae species cluster together as a group, and then form a sister clade with Camptandriidae. Moreover, the polyphyly of three superfamilies(Ocypodoidea, Eriphioidea, and Grapsoidea) is reconfirmed. These findings help to confirm the phylogenetic position of Camptandriidae, as well as provide new insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.

Endovascular treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms in the internal carotid artery using a Willis covered stent

Background Despite the current availability of flow diverter devices(FDD), problems remains regarding optimal endovascular treatment(EVT) for blood blister-like aneurysms(BBAs) of the internal carotid artery(ICA). Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of EVT of BBAs in the ICA with a Willis covered stent. Methods 20 consecutive patients(5 men and 15 women) with ruptured BBAs underwent EVT using a Willis covered stent in two institutions from March 2013 to March 2018. Clinical observations, angiographic characteristics, and procedural and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Results 20 consecutive patients(5 men and 15 women) with ruptured BBAs underwent EVT using a Willis covered stent in two institutions from March 2013 to March 2018. Clinical observations, angiographic characteristics, and procedural and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Conclusion Our initial results demonstrate that reconstructive EVT using a Willis covered stent provides a viable approach to treat ICA BBAs. However, an expanded clinical evaluation and larger cohort are needed to confirm the results.

Reconstructive treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms with Willis covered stent: Initial experience

Background:Symptomatic vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm(VADA)is a challenging disease with controversy on treatment strategy due to anatomic configuration and their nature.Moreover,the outcomes of reconstructive treatment have not been well established.Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of reconstructive endovascular treatment(EVT)for symptomatic VADAs with Willis covered stent.Methods:We evaluated retrospectively 13 patients with symptomatic VADAs who treated with Willis covered stent,compared with stent-assisted coiling(SAC)on the characteristics,posttreatment course,angiographic and clinical follow-up outcomes at an average of 14.4 months(range,3-48 months).Results:A total of 33 patients with symptomatic VADAs were reviewed,23 of these patients with ruptured VADAs.The technical successful rate is 100%respectively in Willis covered stent(Group A)and SAC(Group B,n=20).The initial complete occlusion rate was significant higher in group A(100%)than group B(30%)(p<0.01).Major procedure-related complications were not significant different in the two groups.Serial follow-up angiograms revealed 5 recurrent VADAs in group B and no recurrence in group A(p>0.05).No obvious in-stent stenosis and no re-hemorrhage and delayed ischemic symptoms during the follow-up period.The final angiograms of all survived patients demonstrated the complete occlusion rate was higher in group A(100%)than group B(80%),but no significant statistical difference(p>0.05).Clinical outcomes were favorable in 31(93.9%),severe disability occurred in one in group B,and only one death in group A.The final clinical outcomes were also not significant difference in the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusions:Our initial result demonstrated reconstructive EVT with Willis covered stent provides a viable approach for selected symptomatic VADAs involving the intracranial and extracranial segments,which is similar to favorable results with SAC.However,an expanded clinical experiences and larger cohort studies are needed.

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Sesarmidae and its phylogenetic implications

Here,we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Parasesarma eumolpe(Brachyura:Grapsoidea:Sesarmidae)for the first time.The characteristics of this newly sequenced mitogenome were described and compared with other Sesarmidae species.The 15646-bp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),two ribosomal RNA genes(r RNAs),22 transfer RNA genes(t RNAs),and an A-T rich region.All of the PCGs are initiated by the start codon ATN and terminated by the standard TAN codon or an incomplete T.The pairwise Ka/Ks ratio analysis shows that all 13 PCGs are under purifying selection,whereas the ATP8 gene is an outlier,with pairwise comparison values ranging from neutral selection(0.000)to positive selection(1.039).The gene arrangement of P.eumolpe compared with ancestral Decapoda shows the translocation of two t RNAs(t RNA-His and t RNA-Gln),which is identical to other Sesarmidae species.Phylogenetic analyses show that all Sesarmidae species are placed into one group,and the polyphyly of Eriphioidea,Ocypodoidea,and Grapsoidea is well supported.The relationship between gaps in the QIM region and the phylogeny of Sesarmidae is analyzed.It is obvious that both the G5(the gap between Q and I)and G6(the gap between I and M)decrease progressively with the evolution process.These results will help to better understand the genomic evolution within Sesarmidae and provide insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.

Research on the maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic based on Newton interpolation-assisted particle swarm algorithm

Solar energy has attracted a lot of attention because it is clean and has no pollution.However,due to the partially shaded condition,the photovoltaic array cannot work uniformly at the maximum power point,resulting in a large power loss.To improve this problem,the research of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)algorithm is discussed by scholars.In this paper,an improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is proposed to achieve the goal of MPPT,which uses Newton interpolation-assisted conventional PSO.After tracking to the maximum power point,the Newton interpolation method is used to calculate the maximum power point,reduce the number of iterations of the conventional PSO algorithm and reduce the steady-state oscillation.The simulation is carried out in MATLAB^(■)/Simulink^(■)and compared with conventional PSO.The results show that the improved PSO has better tracking ac-curacy and speed than the conventional algorithm,and the initial tracking speed is increased by>30%.

Short-term wind power prediction using an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm with back-propagation neural network

A short-term wind power prediction method is proposed in this paper with experimental results obtained from a wind farm located in Northeast China.In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction method using a traditional back-propagation(BP)neural network algorithm,the improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)algorithm has been adopted to optimize its parameters.The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by experiments.First,the features of the wind farm are described to show the fundamental information of the experiments.A single turbine with rated power of 1500 kW and power generation coefficient of 2.74 in the wind farm was introduced to show the technical details of the turbines.Original wind power data of the whole farm were preprocessed by using the quartile method to remove the abnormal data points.Then,the retained wind power data were predicted and analysed by using the proposed IGWO-BP algorithm.Analysis of the results proves the practicability and efficiency of the prediction model.Results show that the average accuracy of prediction is~11%greater than the traditional BP method.In this way,the proposed wind power prediction method can be adopted to improve the accuracy of prediction and to ensure the effective utilization of wind energy.

Effects of Fuzheng Huayu Decoction on plasma proteome in cirrhosis:preliminary experimental study with rats

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of Fuzheng Huayu Decoction on the plasma proteome in cirrhotic rats.Twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into three groups:cirrhotic model group(n510),treated with CCl_(4)(CCl_(4)/olive oil:v/v51:1);Fuzheng Huayu Decoction intervention group(n510),treated with CCl_(4)+Fuzheng Huayu Decoction;and normal control group(n56),treated with olive oil only.After 8 weeks,blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava to undergo bi-dimensional electrophoresis(2DE)and analysis by PDQuest 7.3 software.Differential protein spots were cut,enzyme hydrolysis was conducted,and peptide fragments extracted from the mixture underwent mass spectrometry(MS)with MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS.The liver fibrogenesis was assessed using a digital image analysis instrument of Masson’s trichrome stained sections.The fibrosis area of the Fuzheng Huayu Decoction was(8.9±3.7)%,significantly smaller than that of the cirrhotic model group[(12.4±4.7)%,P<0.05].Ten markedly changed protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOFTOF-MS.Eight of the 10 proteins,including plasma glutathione peroxidase,plasma glutathione peroxidase precursor,prealbumin,haptoglobin,apolipoprotein A-IV precursor,complement C4,inter-alpha-inhibitor H4 heavy chain,and serine/threonine-protein kinase microtubuleaffinity regulating kinase 1(MARK1)were expressed very lowly in the cirrhotic model group while they were expressed highly in the Fuzheng Huayu Decoction group.The expression of liver regeneration-related protein LRRG03 and vimentin increased in the cirrhotic model group,and reduced in the FuzhengHuayu Decoction group.Some proteins related to oxidative stress,cell proliferation and transformation have changed in the plasma of cirrhosis induced by CCl_(4).Fuzheng Huayu Decoction promotes protein synthesis and plays an anti-fibrotic role by antioxidation and accommodation of cell proliferation and transformation.

Determination of the Uniaxial Stress-Strain Relations of Ductile Materials by Small Disk Specimens

In this work,the small lateral-compression testing based on energy equivalent(SLTEE)method is put forward to determine the stress-strain curves of materials utilizing small disk specimens.Numerical simulations of small lateral-compression testing with imaginary materials are conducted to examine the validity of the SLT-EE method.The results demonstrate that the stress-strain curves determined by the SLT-EE method coincide with the curves input by finite element analysis.In order to predict the stress-strain curves of materials with different dimensions,a modified SLT-EE method is successfully proposed by introducing a correction factor/.Finally,the small disk compression experiments of Q345B,304,7075 and 6061 are performed.The stress-strain curves of the four materials predicted by the SLT-EE method show agreement with the tension results.Furthermore,the mechanical properties of in-service hollow components are also determined utilizing the same method successfully.

Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic power generation based on improved fuzzy control and conductance increment method

The National Development and Reform Commission of China announced in 2022 that it would promote the development of carbon peaking and carbon-neutrality.Therefore,gradual improvement in photovoltaic(PV)development technology would gradually show its advantages.Additionally,the development of the PV power generation industry is promoted significantly by the year-on-year increase in PV power generation.This study combines the traditional fuzzy control and incremental conductance methods by comparing the current maximum power point(MPP)intelligence with the traditional control algorithm.Furthermore,it proposes an optimization algorithm to improve the tracking speed of the MPP by using the partition variable step size.An incomplete partial differential equation is added to the judgment condition of the small step size to solve the problem of oscillation near the MPP caused by the ideal differential equation.A simulation model is established in MATLAB®/Simulink®and the method is simulated under specific conditions.The time to reach the first maximum output point is shortened by 0.21 and 0.14 s by analysing the oscillation process data of three simulation cycles of the incremental conductance,fuzzy control and fuzzy conductance methods,respectively.Additionally,the vibration loss caused by environmental mutation is reduced by 6.5%and 3.1%,respectively.The improved incremental conductance method utilizes the simulation results to optimize the problem of steady-state oscillation and improve the efficiency of the PV power generation.The feasibility and effectiveness of the improved incremental conductance method are verified by comparing the traditional control algorithm with the improved incremental conductance method.