黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分特征与演变

[目的]了解黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤养分状况,为合理利用土地资源和恢复改善生态环境提供科学依据。[方法]以陕西省延安市碾庄沟流域为研究区,以荒坡地作为对照,研究黄土丘陵沟壑区坝地和梯田土壤演变特征。[结果]速效磷、速效钾、有机质、全磷和全钾含量表现为梯田>坝地,全氮含量表现为坝地>梯田,除土壤钾素处于中等变异水平,其他土壤养分均处于高等变异水平,其中磷素和全氮变异系数较大。在80 cm剖面内,坝地和梯田土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮均具有明显的表聚性特征,全钾和全磷剖面分布均匀。在水平位置上,坝尾和上坡梯田养分含量更高,供肥性能更好。随着利用年限的增加,除全钾外,梯田养分表现为明显的先减后增的趋势;坝地速效磷、全氮和全磷表现为先减后增的趋势,速效钾、有机质和全钾表现为先增后减的趋势。坝地土壤养分变化的分水岭年限(45~50 a)比梯田(30 a)滞后至少15 a。[结论]目前该区域除钾素外,土壤磷素、氮素和有机质均处于缺乏状态,亟待补充,应定期关注接近拐点年限的土壤养分状况。通过合理的管理措施,延长土地利用年限,促进农田土壤肥力可持续发展。相较于坝地和梯田,荒坡地土壤养分最高,供肥性能最好,变异系数最小,但其剖面分布不均匀,需翻地改善。

Theoretical Study on Adsorption of Methanol on Zeolite and Phosphorus Modified Zeolite

Methanol adsorption in zeolite and phosphorus modified zeolite has been investigated within the cluster model framework of quantum chemical calculation. Full optimization and frequency analysis of all cluster model have been carried out using Gaussian 94 soft package with Hartree-Fock method and B3LYP, B3P86 hybrid methods of density functional theory at 3-2 1 G, 6-31G basis set level for hydrogen atoms and 6-31G+(d) basis set level for the other atoms performed on small cluster model for CH3OH, H3Al(OH)SiH2(H2PO4), H3Al(OH)SiH2(H3SiO4), H3Al(OH-CH3OH)SiH2(H2PO4) and H3Al(OHCH3OH)SiH2(H3SiO4). The results show that phosphorus grafting in the zeolite framework has modified the chemical environment in the vicinity of the zeolite bridging hydroxyl. Phosphorus modification can enhance the acid strength of zeolite bridging hydroxyl, which was suggested by the lengthening of zeolite bridging hydroxyl O-H bond and the increasing methanol adsorption energy. This may be favorable to the initial CH3OCH3 formation in the methanol to gasoline (MTG) process.

基于对抗神经网络的跨模态谣言检测

【目的】通过结合文本和图像模数据,提出跨模态对抗神经网络模型,提高谣言检测对新数据的泛化能力。【方法】采用融合自注意力机制的双向长短时记忆网络模型表示文本特征,使用预训练的VGG19网络模型表示图像特征,通过对抗神经网络学习事件共同特征。【结果】所提模型在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值得分等方面都优于对比模型,在微博、推特两个数据集上的准确率分别比基线模型的最优结果提高了3.6个百分点和3.5个百分点。【局限】不同模态信息下的特征关联分析不够,跨模态数据的语义鸿沟问题没有很好解决。【结论】所提模型能够比现有方法更好地学习特征表示,在谣言检测上取得了较好的结果。