基于谱质心迁移的线损优化分摊方法研究

线损优化与分摊是我国电力市场改革中亟待解决的技术问题。提出一种基于谱质心迁移的线损优化分摊方法,以应对工业环境与模拟环境下线损优化分摊模型的领域适应性问题。首先计算各源领域与目标领域之间的电频谱相似度量(PFSSM),并据此将与目标领域最接近的源领域选为初始训练集,其次采用谱质心迁移模型剔除距离训练集谱质心均值较远的样本,并加入同数量的目标领域无标签样本,直至训练集谱质心均值与目标领域一致。最后基于我国某地区电力市场实际数据构造算例,试验结果表明通过计算源领域与目标领域之间的电频谱相似度量值,负载控制对线损优化分摊的影响小于线损分摊计算法则和母线运行方式。

论企业安全管理中重复隐患的产生原因及管控之策

企业安全管理的核心离不开安全风险管控,隐患排查治理作为安全风险管控的有力措施,根据企业隐患排查治理情况分析,发现重复隐患已成为困扰企业安全管理的难点、焦点问题,每日查、时常有、难治根。本文通过对陕西有色榆林新材料集团铝业分公司日常安全管理过程中重复隐患的危害及防控必要性进行分析,深入剖析内在根源及安全管理上的不足,并针对重复隐患提出了管控之策。

基于谱质心迁移的线损优化分摊方法

线损优化与分摊是我国电力市场改革中亟待解决的技术问题。本文提出一种基于谱质心迁移的线损优化分摊方法,以应对实际工业环境与模拟环境下线损优化分摊模型的领域适应性问题。首先计算各源领域与目标领域之间的电频谱相似度量(Power Frequency Spectrum Similarity Measure,PFSSM),并据此将与目标领域最接近的源领域选为初始训练集,其次采用谱质心迁移模型在迭代过程中剔除距离训练集谱质心均值较远的样本,并加入同数量的目标领域无标签样本,其标签定义为支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)和Logistic回归两个分类器的一致输出结果,直至训练集谱质心均值与目标领域一致。最后基于我国某地区电力市场实际数据构造算例,试验结果表明,通过计算源领域与目标领域之间的电频谱相似度量值,负载控制对线损优化分摊的影响小于线损分摊计算法则和母线运行方式。该方法较好地解决了迁移学习的领域适应性问题,并提升了不同环境条件下线损优化分摊精度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性。

Storage, form, and influencing factors of karst inorganic carbon in a carbonate area in China

Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink fluxes(CCSF), and the contributions of climate change and ecological restoration to the CCSF are not clear. To this end, we compiled published site data on ion concentrations in different watersheds in China and used a classical thermodynamic dissolution model to reassess the potential and spatial and temporal patterns of the CCSF in China from 1991 to 2020. We quantified the contributions of temperature(MAT), precipitation(MAP), evapotranspiration(ET), soil water(SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) to the CCSF. The results revealed that(1) China's CCSF was 22.76 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1), which was higher than the global average(15.77 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)). The total carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink(CCS) was 4772.67×10^(4)t CO_(2), contributing 14.91% of the global CCS through a carbonate rock area of 252.98×10^(4)km^(-2).(2) China's CCSF decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, with values of 33.14, 12.93, and7.27 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)in the southern karst, Qinghai-Tibetan karst, and northern karst regions, respectively.(3) The overall CCSF in China exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020, with a rate of increase of 0.16 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).(4) The contributions of the MAP, MAT, ET, SM, and NDVI to the CCSF were 63.3%, 3.02%, 27.5%, 3.1%, and 3.05%, respectively. Among them, the increase in precipitation was the main contributor to the increase in the CCSF in China over the last 30 years, while the enhancement of ET offset part of the positive contribution of the increase in precipitation to the CCSF. In conclusion, the results of this study provide a systematic quantification of the magnitude, the patterns, and the influencing factors of CCS over a long time series in China. The results are of great significance and provide a reference for the diagnosis and gap analysis of the national and global carbon neutrality capacities.

Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks(CCSs)is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle.However,CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries,since the carbonate dissolution is reversible.In order to address these controversies,we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding them.We have analyzed the five controversies,revealing the existence of CCSs,quantifying their magnitude,clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern,and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global change.By addressing these five controversies,we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

中国喀斯特生态系统健康诊断的方法、进展与展望

中国是碳酸盐岩型喀斯特面积最大、分布最广的国家,在喀斯特地区居住着约2亿的人口,经济规模约占全国的10%.尤其是以贵州为中心的西南地区,位于长江和珠江的上游,经济欠发达,但却是国家的重要生态安全屏障.喀斯特地貌重要而特殊,科学诊断其生态系统的健康不仅对生态修复和实现可持续发展至关重要,更是制定应对方案的基本前提.尽管以往开展了大量的研究工作,但是依然缺乏系统性和整体性认识.本文结合前人研究,进一步将喀斯特地貌演化发育总结为6个阶段:成岩阶段、成陆阶段、成山阶段、成丛阶段、成林阶段和成原阶段.在此基础上,又从碳酸盐岩风化成土速率的计算、土壤水的诊断、水土流失的评价、石漠化解译与演变、生态系统服务的科学计量5个方面进行系统的总结和梳理.尽管不同时代、不同学者的不同研究方法,其结果有着非常大的差异.但是,综合考虑已有的研究结果及其使用方法的优点和不足,归纳发现:(1)碳酸盐岩化学风化很快(30~130 mm ka^(−1)),但由于其酸不溶物含量低(5%以内),导致其成土速率极其缓慢,一般在5~50 t km^(−2)a^(−1)之间.(2)土壤少且分布不连续,但是土壤含水量却比较高,在0.2~0.4 m^(3)m^(−3)之间,这可能与周边基岩的汇水效应相关,且未来呈干化趋势.(3)土壤侵蚀模数低,一般在2~200 t km^(−2)a^(−1)之间,但由于坡陡、降雨量大且与岩土突变接触,导致其侵蚀风险极大,并存在一定比例的地下漏失现象.(4)石漠化的演变可分为单变式、渐进式和返变式3种经典类型,但是通过决策树和人机交互的石漠化解译方法相对高效和精准.(5)喀斯特生态系统服务功能的评价模型要基于成土速率来进行修正水土保持功能和基于岩溶地质碳汇修正气候调节功能.当前诊断喀斯特生态系统健康的指标、方法和模型亟须改进和创新,要充分体现喀斯特地区的特殊性和模型方法的匹配性,提高监测数据的时空分辨率,特别是亟须建立喀斯特社会-生态系统耦合模型,准确刻画出喀斯特生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应过程,提升诊断模型的准确度和可预测性.总之,本文系统总结了诊断中国喀斯特生态系统健康与可持续性的方法和取得的重大进展,并进一步从“岩-土-水-石-生”的角度提出了未来的研究方向和突破重点,以期为维护喀斯特地区的生态安全和可持续发展提供科技支撑.

A carbon-neutrality-capactiy index for evaluating carbon sink contributions

The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity(CNC)of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change.However,a systematic diagnostic method for determining the CNC that considers the rock chemical weathering carbon sink(RCS)is lacking.Moreover,it is challenging but indispensable to establish a fast and practical index model to determine the CNC.Here,we selected Guizhou as the study area,used the methods for different types of carbon sinks,and constructed a CNC index(CNCI)model.We found that:(1)the carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink flux was 30.3 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).Guizhou accounted for 1.8%of the land area and contributed 5.4%of the carbonate chemical weathering carbon sink;(2)the silicate rock chemical weathering carbon sink and its flux were 1.44×10^(3)t CO_(2)and 2.43 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(3)the vegetation-soil ecosystem carbon sink and its flux were 1.37×10^(8)t CO_(2)and 831.70 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(4)the carbon emissions(CEs)were 280 Tg CO_(2),about 2.8%of the total for China;and(5)the total carbon sinks in Guizhou were 160 Tg CO_(2),with a CNCI of 57%,which is 4.8 times of China and 2.1 times of the world.In summary,we conducted a systematic diagnosis of the CNC considering the RCS and established a CNCI model.The results of this study have a strong implication and significance for national and global CNC determination and gap analysis.