高活性方形氧化铅与可视化电解槽协同促进电催化臭氧生产

臭氧是一种环境友好型氧化剂,可直接用于消毒、杀菌和废水处理,对于维护和促进公共卫生安全至关重要.由于臭氧容易分解,不利于储存,因此需要现制即用.目前臭氧生成技术主要包括:电晕放电法和电催化臭氧生产(EOP)技术.相较于电晕放电法,EOP是一种本质安全的臭氧生产技术.然而,该工艺相较于电晕放电技术电能消耗量大,为了使其更具商业可行性,有必要开发高活性且低成本的电催化剂.此外,合理的电解槽设计对于实现高效EOP过程也至关重要.然而,目前研究主要集中在提高EOP催化剂活性方面,对电解槽的结构设计优化的关注较少.本文通过开发高效电催化剂进而将其应用于结构优化后的电解槽中,实现了更加高效的EOP过程.本文采用水热方法成功制备了一种具有较高EOP活性的方形氧化铅(PbO_(x)-CTAB-120)电催化剂.在标准三电极测试系统中,电流密度为50 mA cm^(-2)的测试条件下,法拉第效率(FE)可达20.7%,与商用β-PbO_(2)(17.1%)相比提高了21.1%.此外,设计了具有平行流场的可视化EOP电解槽,该可视化电解槽在传质和传热方面具有明显优势,有利于实现更加高效的EOP过程.将催化剂PbO_(x)-CTAB-120组装至可视化电解槽中,在1.0 A cm^(-2)的测试电流密度下,电解液为超纯水,该体系气态臭氧产量可以达到588 mg h^(-1)g^(-1)catalyst,比能量消耗(PEOP)为56 Wh g^(-1)gaseous ozone.体系臭氧产量约为商用β-PbO_(2)在传统电解槽中产量的2倍,并且PEOP降低率超过62%.原位18O同位素标记差分电化学质谱和密度泛函理论计算结果表明,PbO_(x)-CTAB-120电催化剂在EOP过程中遵循晶格氧机理路径,晶格氧迁移产生的氧空位能有效稳定OOH^(*)和O_(2)^(*)反应中间体,因此有利于催化剂在EOP过程中保持较好的反应活性和稳定性.同时,还利用先进的高速摄像可视化工具和计算流体力学(CFD)仿真模拟研究了平行流场EOP电解槽的运行过程和高效传质传热的原理.CFD模拟结果表明,与传统流场模型相比,平行流场对应的出口气泡停留时间更长,说明平行流场更有利于产物气泡从出口逸出,即气泡容易快速扩散,与实验结果一致.因此,PbO_(x)-CTAB-120电催化剂与新型可视化电解槽相结合,有助于在超纯水中实现较好的气态臭氧产率和较低比能耗.此外,二者的结合充分发挥了电催化剂的EOP活性和电解槽的传质特性所带来的优势,实现了反应性和传输性的协同增强,从而极大促进了原位有机污染物降解效率.综上所述,本文在制备高效阳极催化剂的基础上,同时利用优化电解槽结构实现了提升臭氧产率和降低过程能耗,为高活性电催化剂与优化的电解槽耦合以实现高效EOP过程及其有效应用提供参考.

TDLAS在森林可燃物热解气体多组分同步测量中的应用分析

森林可燃物热解的研究,对森林火灾预警和控制具有重要意义。森林可燃物热解过程中主要生成CO、 CO_(2)和CH_(4)等含碳气体,这些气体的不断释放容易引发森林火灾并加剧温室效应,快速准确检测这三种组分的浓度有利于火灾早期预警和大气环境保护。通过频分复用结合可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术准确测量了六种山林树种样品热解气体中CO、 CO_(2)和CH_(4)三种组分的浓度,证明了频分复用-TDLAS技术对森林可燃物热解气体多组分同步测量的适用性。首先,介绍了频分复用-TDLAS技术的基本原理,确定了三种组分互不干扰、且谱线强度适宜的吸收谱线。其次,为了准确反演不同的浓度,对二次谐波(2f)信号和二次谐波/直流(2f/DC)信号的特性进行了研究。通过Simulink仿真的方式,比较了利用2f信号和2f/DC信号反演不同浓度准确性的差异,结果表明2f/DC信号具有更大的线性区间,适用于森林可燃物热解气体中不同浓度组分的测量。最后,利用两支中心波长分别为1 580.0和1 653.7 nm的分布式反馈(DFB)激光器搭建了CO、 CO_(2)和CH_(4)同步测量的实验装置。在900℃管式炉中对六种树种样品进行热解以及热解气体制备,利用Herriott吸收池测量了三种组分的2f/DC信号,通过标准气体建立标定模型获得了热解气体中三种组分的绝对浓度。结果显示,三种组分的2f/DC信号峰值与浓度满足良好的线性关系,线性度大于0.995,且在焦炭气化反应和Boundouard反应的作用下,六种树种样品热解气体中CO浓度明显高于CO_(2)和CH_(4)。通过分析枫香叶样品的光谱,表明在2 s测量时间内,该光谱系统对于CO、 CO_(2)和CH_(4)的最低检测限低于0.008%,灵敏度优于0.005%,满足森林火灾预警的需求。该研究为森林可燃物热解气体多组分同步测量以及森林火灾预警提供了方法参考。

Neural hand reconstruction using an RGB image

Background This study presents a neural hand reconstruction method for monocular 3D hand pose and shape estimation.Methods Alternate to directly representing hand with 3D data,a novel UV position map is used to represent a hand pose and shape with 2D data that maps 3D hand surface points to 2D image space.Furthermore,an encoder-decoder neural network is proposed to infer such UV position map from a single image.To train this network with inadequate ground truth training pairs,we propose a novel MANOReg module that employs MANO model as a prior shape to constrain high dimensional space of the UV position map.Results The quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our UV position map representation and MANOReg module.

Superior pancreatic lymphadenectomy with portal vein priority via posterior common hepatic artery approach in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer is advocated,and station 8p lymph node should be considered in selected patients,which is,however,technically difficult.AIM To introduce a new and easy-to-perform procedure for dissection of the lymph nodes superior to the pancreas.METHODS A series of patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer were retrospectively included with utilization of a new procedure for superior pancreatic lymphadenectomy(LND)with portal vein priority via the posterior common hepatic artery approach(SPLD-PPPH)based on a newly defined portal triangle.The surgical outcome of the patients,as well as the efficacy and safety of SPLD-PPPH are reported.RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included with most of them being male(n=34,66.7%).According to the 8th edition of AJCC TNM staging,there were four(7.8%)patients in stage I,13(25.5%)in stage II,33(64.7%)in stage III and one(2.0%)in stage IV.The average duration for LND was about 1 h(67.7±6.9 min).After surgery,four patients developed morbidities,but all were treated successfully with no perioperative mortality.Among the 51 patients included,the percentage of patients who had lymph node metastasis at station 8p was 9.8%.Of note,with a total of 14 lymph nodes harvested at station 8p,the incidence of nodal metastasis was 14.3%.CONCLUSION About one in 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer had nodal metastasis at station 8p.The new approach of SPLD-PPPH is safe and effective for D2+LND during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

坐位调膝法联合本体感觉训练治疗缓解期膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨坐位调膝法联合本体感觉训练对缓解期膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2021年5月至2022年5月于浙江中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的缓解期膝骨关节炎患者73例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=36)和治疗组(n=37)。对照组患者给予推拿治疗,治疗组患者在对照组基础上联合坐位调膝法和本体感觉训练治疗。观察两组患者的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index,WOMAC)评分、膝关节力学参数和临床疗效。结果治疗组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者的WOMAC评分显著低于对照组,膝关节Q角、内外翻轴距均显著小于对照组,髋–膝–踝关节角、膝关节活动度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论坐位调膝法联合本体感觉训练有助于减轻缓解期膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛症状,改善膝关节力学参数,调整关节损伤的力学基础,值得临床推广。

广东省10种典型常绿阔叶林细小可燃物的燃烧特性

森林中的细小可燃物是引发森林火灾的关键因素。文章选用广东省5种典型常绿阔叶林树种的枯枝和枯叶共10种样品,通过元素成分分析、工业分析和热重分析研究了细小可燃物的燃料特性和燃烧特性,计算了每种样品的着火温度,并引入着火温度和可燃性指数两种可燃性指标对各样品的可燃性进行量化。实验结果表明:马尾松Pinus massoniana叶具有最高的挥发分含量,杧果叶的挥发分含量最低;杧果Mangifera indica枝的着火温度最低,枫香Liquidambar formosana枝的着火温度最高。在细小可燃物的燃烧过程中,挥发分的燃烧比焦的燃烧更加剧烈,反应速率更快。综合燃烧难易程度和剧烈程度,可燃性排序为杧果叶<香樟枝<枫香叶<枫香枝<杧果枝<香樟叶<马尾松叶<洋紫荆叶<马尾松枝<洋紫荆枝。

平衡调神针法结合推拿治疗痛觉敏化型腰椎间盘突出症临床观察

目的:观察平衡调神针法结合推拿治疗痛觉敏化型腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法:63例按随机数字表法分为两组。治疗组用平衡调神针法结合推拿治疗,对照组用基础推拿手法治疗。结果:治疗后两组VAS评分、直腿抬高角度、ODI评分及CSI评分治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:平衡调神针法结合推拿治疗痛觉敏化型腰椎间盘症可降低痛觉敏化,减轻疼痛,改善腰椎功能,疗效较好。

Engineered wettability-gradient porous structure enabling efficient water manipulation in regenerative fuel cells

Regenerative fuel cells can operate alternately as an electrolyzer and as a fuel cell,frequently involving water as a reactant or product.Modifying the electrode surface to manipulate water can prevent electrode flooding and enhance the electrode's mass transfer efficiency by facilitating better contact with gaseous reactants.However,conventional electrodes face difficulties in allowing water droplets to penetrate in a single direction leaving electrodes.In this work to address this issue,a wettability gradient electrode is designed and fabricated for efficient water manipulation in regenerative fuel cells.The findings demonstrate that the water removal strategy in the electrolyzer mode yields the highest ammonia yield and Faradaic efficiency of 3.39×10-10 mol s-1 cm-2 and 0.49%,respectively.Furthermore,in the fuel cell mode,the discharging process sustains for approximately 20.5 h,which is six times longer than the conventional strategy.The ability to sustain the discharging process for extended periods is particularly advantageous in regenerative fuel cells,as it enables the cells to operate for longer periods without the need for regeneration.

工业机器人原点误差分析与补偿

针对6自由度工业机器人在应用过程中原点丢失,使得实际与理论的几何参数出现偏差,进而导致机器人末端绝对定位精度降低的问题。提出基于机器人TCP点与工作空间中任意固定点之间几何关系的工业机器人原点补偿方法。首先,通过将关节变量统一归结为时间t的函数,逐一确定各个关节转角误差对机器人末端绝对定位精度的影响与权重大小;其次,利用机器人末端TCP点以不同位姿到达工作空间中同一固定点的关节转角参数等信息;最后,通过建立位置误差模型并采用最小二乘法辨识出机器人关节原点误差。实验结果表明,除2关节外,补偿后的其他各关节原点误差小于标准值0.03°。并通过激光跟踪仪验证原点补偿前后国标5个测试点的绝对定位精度由8.2152 mm提高到0.7224 mm。

基于Hermite插值的机器人轨迹规划方法

为保证机器人末端轨迹精度以及运动平滑性,引入Hermite插值对机器人每个关节运动进行轨迹规划。首先,在笛卡尔空间对机器人TCP路径进行等距粗插补以及等距加减速补预处理,获取机器人末端运动的位置与时间信息;然后,经逆运动学映射将位置时间信息传递至各关节,对各关节运动进行Hermite插值规划;最后,通过正运动学将各关节运动合成机器人TCP末端运动。在自主搭建的实验平台上进行单段直线轨迹与混合连续轨迹运动测试。与传统多项式加减速轨迹规划算法相比Hermite插值规划的机器人TCP末端连续平滑运动,加速度幅值降低三分之二,速度曲线波动小。证明所提出的方法规划各关节运动,能够实现轨迹连续平滑运动,有效降低机器人运动中存在的冲击与振动并提高加工精度。

现代人力资源管理下的人事档案管理工作探讨

对医院发展目标来说,现代人力资源管理下的人事档案管理工作能否顺利开展成为重要条件,只有提升人事档案管理水平,才能增强企业经营效果。本文详细介绍人事档案管理工作内涵、现代人力资源管理内涵,并充分结合现代人力资源管理与人事档案管理联系作用以及问题,进一步总结现代人力资源管理下人事档案管理的工作策略。

基于数据挖掘的《杏轩医案》学术思想及组方用药规律研究

目的基于数据挖掘技术研究《杏轩医案》治疗内、外、妇、儿诸科疾病的临床组方原则及用药规律。方法从《杏轩医案》中选取有效医案128例,提取方药信息,用Office 2010建立数据库整理归纳数据,应用IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0进行药物频数、性味归经、药对频数、用药类别、系统聚类及因子等分析。结果共筛选出的128例处方,涉及药物234种。单味药以甘草、人参、茯苓、熟地黄、当归、白术的使用频次最高,多归肝、脾经;药对以甘草-人参、甘草-当归、甘草-茯苓、甘草-白术、白术-人参的使用频率最高;常用药物以补虚药、清热药、利水渗湿药三种药物使用最为频繁。聚类分析共得到C1酸枣仁、木香、远志、大枣、生姜、黄芪等8个药对组合;因子分析得出F1远志、木香、酸枣仁、生姜、大枣、黄芪,F2泽泻、山药、山茱萸、牡丹皮等10个公因子。结论程文囿立法以益气补血为主,兼之健脾、补肾、养胃、清热,重视脾胃,补养兼顾,遣药简洁,配伍精当,注重整体观念。

水煤浆气化装置中黑水调节阀损坏原因分析与改进方案

针对水煤浆气化装置中的黑水调节阀的实际使用情况,从阀门的腐蚀、冲蚀、气蚀、阀芯脱落等方面分析了该阀门的损坏原因,并且从材料选择、阀门结构、工艺操作、阀内件连接形式等方面提出了技改方案。

Mathematical modeling of fuel cells fed with an electrically rechargeable liquid fuel

Lately,utilizing a novel electrically rechargeable liquid fuel(e-fuel),a fuel cell has been designed and fabricated,which is demonstrated to achieve a much better performance than alcoholic liquid fuel cells do.However,its current performance,which thus hampers its wide application,demands further improvement to meet up with industrial requirement.Therefore,to attain a better performance for this system,an in-depth understanding of the complex physical and chemical processes within this fuel cell is essential.To this end,in this work,a two-dimensional transient model has been developed to gain an extensive knowledge of a passive e-fuel cell and analyze the major factors limiting its performance.The effects of various structural parameters and operating conditions are studied to identify the underlying performance-limiting factors,where deficient mass transport is found to be one of the major causes.The increment of anode porosity and thickness are found to be effective methods of improving the cell performance.This study therefore provides insights on achieving further per-formance advancement of the fuel cell in the future.

Enhanced Li+migration in solid polymer electrolyte driven by anion-containing polymer-chains

Li-ion batteries with solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are safer than conventional liquid electrolytes due to the absence of highly flammable liquid electrolytes.However,their performance is limited by the poor Li+transport in SPEs at room temperature.Anion-containing polymer-chains incorporated SPEs(ASPEs)are therefore developed to enhance Li^(+) diffusion kinetics.Herein,we propose a novel and feasible strategy to incorporate the anion-containing polymer-chains,such as lithiated perfluorinated sulfonic acid(PFSA),into polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)polymer-based SPEs.The immobile anion groups from the PFSA-chains impede the migration of mobile anion groups dissociated from the Li salt.The transference number is thus raised from∼0.3 to 0.52 with the introduction of anion-containing polymer-chains into SPEs.The electrostatic repulsion among anion-containing chains also reduces the close chain stacking and brings 159%increase in the ionic conductivity to 0.83×10^(−3) S/cm at 30℃ in contrast with the pure PVDF-based SPE.In addition,LiFeO_(4)/Li batteries with ASPEs exhibit 55%capacity boost at 0.5 C in contrast to the capacity of batteries with pure-PVDF SPEs,and also offer more than 1000 charge/discharge cycles.Our research findings potentially offer a facile strategy to design thermal stable SPEs with superior Li^(+) transport behaviors towards developing high-performance SPEs-based batteries.

Li-ion transport in solid-state electrolyte of Li_(1-x)Al_(1-x)Si_(2+x)O_(6):an ab initio study

All-solid-state batteries are considered as nextgeneration technology for energy storage due to their high energy density and excellent s afety.However,only a few solid electrolytes exhibit ionic conductivities comparable to liquid electrolytes.Finding low-cost solid electrolytes with high Liion conductivity is in high demand.Based on the ab initio molecular dynamic simulations,the Li^(+)diffusion inβ-LiAISi_(2)O_(6),a type of cost-effective and naturally-available mineral,and its disordered systems Li_(1-x)Al_(1-x)Si_(2+x)O_(6)with-1.0≤x≤0.5 was studied.Our calculations show that the phases of Li_(1-x)Al_(1-x)Si_(2+x)O_(6)with nonzero x all possess much lower diffusion energy barriers than pristine LiAlSi_(2)O_(6).When x is positive,increased concentration of lithium vacancies accelerates the diffusion of Li-ions.When x is negative,additional Li-ions are inserted into structures and co-migration is stimulated among these Li-ions.In particular,the maximal ionic conductivity at 300 K(1.92×10^(-6)S·cm^(-1))is obtained in Li_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(6)(x=-1.0),which is five orders of magnitude larger than that of pristineβ-LiAlSi_(2)O_(6).In addition,the diffusion barrier can be further reduced to 0.38 eV by replacing Si with Ge,and the ionic conductivity for Li_(2)Al_(2)GeO_(6)can reach 3.08×10~(-5)S·cm^(-1)at 300 K.Our work facilitates the understanding of Li+conduction mechanisms in silicatebased electrolytes and the development of cost-effective and high-performance solid-s ate electrolytes.

Catalyst–Support Interaction in Polyaniline‑Supported Ni_(3)Fe Oxide to Boost Oxygen Evolution Activities for Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.

A micro photocatalytic fuel cell with an air-breathing, membraneless and monolithic design

In this study, a membraneless, monolithic micro photocatalytic fuel cell with an air-breathing cathode was developed for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. In this newly-developed micro photocatalytic fuel cell, the photoanode and cathode were arranged with a shoulder-to-shoulder design, forming two planar electrodes. Such design offers several advantages of enhanced mass transfer, uniform light distribution, short light transfer path, membrane elimination and easy fabrication, integration, and compatibility with other microdevices. The performance of this type fuel cell was evaluated by using methanol as a model pollutant under the alkaline condition. Experimental results indicated the developed micro photocatalytic fuel cell was able to show good photo-response to the illumination and satisfactory performance as well as durability. Parametric study on the cell performance was also performed. It was found that increasing the light intensity, methanol concentration andKOH concentration could improve the cell performance. But for the effect of the liquid flow rate, it was shown that the cell performance firstly increased with increasing the liquid flow rate and then decreased with further increasing the liquid flow rate. This study not only opens a new avenue for the design of the micro photocatalytic fuel cell but also is helpful for the optimization of the operating conditions.

Machine learning for advanced energy materials

The screening of advanced materials coupled with the modeling of their quantitative structural-activity relation-ships has recently become one of the hot and trending topics in energy materials due to the diverse challenges,including low success probabilities,high time consumption,and high computational cost associated with the traditional methods of developing energy materials.Following this,new research concepts and technologies to promote the research and development of energy materials become necessary.The latest advancements in ar-tificial intelligence and machine learning have therefore increased the expectation that data-driven materials science would revolutionize scientific discoveries towards providing new paradigms for the development of en-ergy materials.Furthermore,the current advances in data-driven materials engineering also demonstrate that the application of machine learning technology would not only significantly facilitate the design and development of advanced energy materials but also enhance their discovery and deployment.In this article,the importance and necessity of developing new energy materials towards contributing to the global carbon neutrality are presented.A comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of machine learning is also provided,including open-source databases,feature engineering,machine learning algorithms,and analysis of machine learning model.Afterwards,the latest progress in data-driven materials science and engineering,including alkaline ion battery materials,pho-tovoltaic materials,catalytic materials,and carbon dioxide capture materials,is discussed.Finally,relevant clues to the successful applications of machine learning and the remaining challenges towards the development of advanced energy materials are highlighted.

Bimetallic nickel molybdate supported Pt catalyst for efficient removal of formaldehyde at low temperature

Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO4,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO4)for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic activity of the samples.The catalyst prepared with hydrothermal temperature of 150℃for 4 hr(Pt-150-4)exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability mainly due to its distinctly porous structure,relative abundance of adsorbed surface hydroxyls/water,and high oxidation ability,which resulted from the interaction of Pt with Ni and Mo of the bimetallic NiMoO4 support.Our results might shed light on the rational design of multifunctional catalysts for removal of indoor air pollutants at low ambient temperature.