Characteristics of root pullout resistance determine the capacity to withstand uprooting and the slope protection ability of plants.However,mechanism underlying the uprooting of taproot-type shrub species in the loess...Characteristics of root pullout resistance determine the capacity to withstand uprooting and the slope protection ability of plants.However,mechanism underlying the uprooting of taproot-type shrub species in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China remains unclear.In this study,a common taproot-type shrub,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,in northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was selected as the research material.Mechanism of root-soil interaction of vertical root of C.korshinskii was investigated via a combination of a single-root pullout test and numerical simulation analysis.The results indicated that,when pulling vertically,axial force of the roots decreased with an increase in buried depth,whereas shear stress at root-soil interface initially increased and then decreased as burial depths increased.At the same buried depth,both axial force and shear stress of the roots increased with the increase in pullout force.Shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root were symmetrically distributed along the root system.Plastic zone was located close to the surface and was caused primarily by tensile failure.In nonvertical pulling,symmetry of shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root was disrupted.We observed larger shear stress and plastic zones on the side facing the direction of root deflection.Plastic zone included both shear and tensile failure.Axial force of the root system near the surface decreased as deflection angle of the pullout force increased.When different rainfall infiltration depths had the same vertical pulling force,root axial force decreased with the increase of rainfall infiltration depth and total root displacement increased.During rainfall infiltration,shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root were prone to propagating deeper into the soil.These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of soil reinforcement and slope protection mechanisms of taproot-type shrub species in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and similar areas.展开更多
Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic cha...Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of the soil reinforcement effect of plant species after artificial vegetation restoration under different recovery periods.We selected dump areas of the Delni Copper Mine in Qinghai Province,China to study the relationship between the shear strength and the peak displacement of the root-soil composite on the slope during the recovery period,and the influence of the root traits and soil physical properties on the shear resistance characteristics of the root-soil composite via in situ direct shear tests.The results indicate that the shear strength and peak displacement of the rooted soil initially decreased and then increased with the increase of the recovery period.The shear strength of the rooted soil and the recovery period exhibited a quadratic function relationship.There is no significant function relationship between the peak displacement and the recovery period.Significant positive correlations(P<0.05)exists between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root biomass density,root volume density,and root area ratio,and they show significant linear correlations(P<0.05).There are no significant correlations(P>0.05)between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root length density,and the root volume ratio of the coarse roots to the fine roots.A significant negative linear correlation(P<0.05)exists between the peak displacement of the rooted soil and the coarse-grain content,but no significant correlations(P>0.05)with the root traits,other soil physical property indices(the moisture content and dry density of the soil),and slope gradient.The coarse-grain content is the main factor controlling the peak displacement of the rooted soil.展开更多
The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction th...The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction that involves instantaneous molecular reactions.In bioreduction,the contact of bacterial cells and GO is considered the rate-limiting step.To reveal how the bacteria-GO integration regulates rGO production,the comparative experiments of GO and three Shewanella strains were carried out.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the reduction degree and the aggregation degree.The results showed that a spontaneous aggregation of GO and Shewanella into the condensed entity occurred within 36 h.A positive linear correlation was established,linking three indexes of the aggregation potential,the bacterial reduction ability,and the reduction degree(ID/IG)comprehensively.展开更多
【目的】利用SRAP分子标记对51份西瓜抗、感病毒病种质资源遗传多样性分析,为加速西瓜抗病毒病新品种的选育进程提供理论参考。【方法】利用筛选出的多态性引物对51份抗、感病毒病西瓜种质进行多态性扩增,利用NTsys-pc 2.1e中的非加权...【目的】利用SRAP分子标记对51份西瓜抗、感病毒病种质资源遗传多样性分析,为加速西瓜抗病毒病新品种的选育进程提供理论参考。【方法】利用筛选出的多态性引物对51份抗、感病毒病西瓜种质进行多态性扩增,利用NTsys-pc 2.1e中的非加权组平均法(UPGMA)计算获得遗传相似系数,利用PopGene Version 3.2计算不同类型西瓜的遗传多样性参数。【结果】从500对SRAP引物组合中筛选出18对扩增条带清晰稳定且多态性较高的引物,共扩增出402条清晰可辨的条带,其中多态性条带271条;平均每对引物可扩增出稳定清晰的条带22.33条,其中多态性条带15.06条,平均多态性比率达67.41%。观测等位基因数(Na)为1.6766、有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.3033、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.1878、Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.2931,除感病毒型西瓜种质的Na高于抗病毒型西瓜种质外,感病毒型西瓜种质的其他遗传多样性指数均低于抗病毒型西瓜种质,表明抗病毒型西瓜种质的遗传多样性较感病毒型西瓜种质丰富。抗病毒型与感病毒型西瓜种质的遗传一致度为0.8924,遗传距离为0.1138。供试西瓜种质的遗传相似系数为0.62~0.95。在遗传相似系数0.78处,可将51份供试西瓜种质划分为四大类群,抗病毒型西瓜种质分布在Ⅰ和Ⅱ类群中,感病型种质均集中在第Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群中,野生西瓜种质与其他西瓜种质的亲缘关系最远。遗传相似系数矩阵和UPGMA聚类矩阵之间的相关性明显(r=0.914),可准确地体现供试西瓜种质之间的遗传关系。【结论】筛选出的SRAP引物组合具有较好的品种鉴别能力,可用于西瓜种质的遗传多样性分析。抗病毒型与感病毒型西瓜种质的亲缘关系较近,遗传多样性丰富度不高,应加大发掘优良抗病种质资源力度,以拓宽西瓜的遗传基础。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42002283)
文摘Characteristics of root pullout resistance determine the capacity to withstand uprooting and the slope protection ability of plants.However,mechanism underlying the uprooting of taproot-type shrub species in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China remains unclear.In this study,a common taproot-type shrub,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,in northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was selected as the research material.Mechanism of root-soil interaction of vertical root of C.korshinskii was investigated via a combination of a single-root pullout test and numerical simulation analysis.The results indicated that,when pulling vertically,axial force of the roots decreased with an increase in buried depth,whereas shear stress at root-soil interface initially increased and then decreased as burial depths increased.At the same buried depth,both axial force and shear stress of the roots increased with the increase in pullout force.Shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root were symmetrically distributed along the root system.Plastic zone was located close to the surface and was caused primarily by tensile failure.In nonvertical pulling,symmetry of shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root was disrupted.We observed larger shear stress and plastic zones on the side facing the direction of root deflection.Plastic zone included both shear and tensile failure.Axial force of the root system near the surface decreased as deflection angle of the pullout force increased.When different rainfall infiltration depths had the same vertical pulling force,root axial force decreased with the increase of rainfall infiltration depth and total root displacement increased.During rainfall infiltration,shear stress and plastic zone of the soil surrounding the root were prone to propagating deeper into the soil.These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of soil reinforcement and slope protection mechanisms of taproot-type shrub species in the loess area of northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and similar areas.
基金supported by the Project of Qinghai Science&Technology Department(Grant No.2021-ZJ-956Q).
文摘Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of the soil reinforcement effect of plant species after artificial vegetation restoration under different recovery periods.We selected dump areas of the Delni Copper Mine in Qinghai Province,China to study the relationship between the shear strength and the peak displacement of the root-soil composite on the slope during the recovery period,and the influence of the root traits and soil physical properties on the shear resistance characteristics of the root-soil composite via in situ direct shear tests.The results indicate that the shear strength and peak displacement of the rooted soil initially decreased and then increased with the increase of the recovery period.The shear strength of the rooted soil and the recovery period exhibited a quadratic function relationship.There is no significant function relationship between the peak displacement and the recovery period.Significant positive correlations(P<0.05)exists between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root biomass density,root volume density,and root area ratio,and they show significant linear correlations(P<0.05).There are no significant correlations(P>0.05)between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root length density,and the root volume ratio of the coarse roots to the fine roots.A significant negative linear correlation(P<0.05)exists between the peak displacement of the rooted soil and the coarse-grain content,but no significant correlations(P>0.05)with the root traits,other soil physical property indices(the moisture content and dry density of the soil),and slope gradient.The coarse-grain content is the main factor controlling the peak displacement of the rooted soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178293)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J01022)。
文摘The bioreduction of graphene oxide(GO)using environmentally functional bacteria such as Shewanella represents a green approach to produce reduced graphene oxide(rGO).This process differs from the chemical reduction that involves instantaneous molecular reactions.In bioreduction,the contact of bacterial cells and GO is considered the rate-limiting step.To reveal how the bacteria-GO integration regulates rGO production,the comparative experiments of GO and three Shewanella strains were carried out.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the reduction degree and the aggregation degree.The results showed that a spontaneous aggregation of GO and Shewanella into the condensed entity occurred within 36 h.A positive linear correlation was established,linking three indexes of the aggregation potential,the bacterial reduction ability,and the reduction degree(ID/IG)comprehensively.
文摘【目的】利用SRAP分子标记对51份西瓜抗、感病毒病种质资源遗传多样性分析,为加速西瓜抗病毒病新品种的选育进程提供理论参考。【方法】利用筛选出的多态性引物对51份抗、感病毒病西瓜种质进行多态性扩增,利用NTsys-pc 2.1e中的非加权组平均法(UPGMA)计算获得遗传相似系数,利用PopGene Version 3.2计算不同类型西瓜的遗传多样性参数。【结果】从500对SRAP引物组合中筛选出18对扩增条带清晰稳定且多态性较高的引物,共扩增出402条清晰可辨的条带,其中多态性条带271条;平均每对引物可扩增出稳定清晰的条带22.33条,其中多态性条带15.06条,平均多态性比率达67.41%。观测等位基因数(Na)为1.6766、有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.3033、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.1878、Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.2931,除感病毒型西瓜种质的Na高于抗病毒型西瓜种质外,感病毒型西瓜种质的其他遗传多样性指数均低于抗病毒型西瓜种质,表明抗病毒型西瓜种质的遗传多样性较感病毒型西瓜种质丰富。抗病毒型与感病毒型西瓜种质的遗传一致度为0.8924,遗传距离为0.1138。供试西瓜种质的遗传相似系数为0.62~0.95。在遗传相似系数0.78处,可将51份供试西瓜种质划分为四大类群,抗病毒型西瓜种质分布在Ⅰ和Ⅱ类群中,感病型种质均集中在第Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群中,野生西瓜种质与其他西瓜种质的亲缘关系最远。遗传相似系数矩阵和UPGMA聚类矩阵之间的相关性明显(r=0.914),可准确地体现供试西瓜种质之间的遗传关系。【结论】筛选出的SRAP引物组合具有较好的品种鉴别能力,可用于西瓜种质的遗传多样性分析。抗病毒型与感病毒型西瓜种质的亲缘关系较近,遗传多样性丰富度不高,应加大发掘优良抗病种质资源力度,以拓宽西瓜的遗传基础。
